Karoline Kaulla (born Raphael, but known foremost under the name Madame Kaulla) or "Kiefe" Auerbacher, born 1739 in Buchau am Federsee, died March 18 1809 in Hechingen, was one of the greatest Court Jews of her time, and was reputed to have been the richest woman in Germany. Her father, Isaak Raphael, was a Court Jew for the house of Hohenzollern. She was the sister of Raphael Kaulla.

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  • Karoline Kaulla (born Raphael, but known foremost under the name Madame Kaulla) or "Kiefe" Auerbacher, born 1739 in Buchau am Federsee, died March 18 1809 in Hechingen, was one of the greatest Court Jews of her time, and was reputed to have been the richest woman in Germany. Her father, Isaak Raphael, was a Court Jew for the house of Hohenzollern. She was the sister of Raphael Kaulla. To speak in modern terms, she can be characterized as a charismatic economic leader, who came to be a treasurer at the Royal Württemberg Court, and leader of the Trading House Kaulla in Stuttgart. She later was a co-founder of the Royal Württemberg Court Bank, which, after many fusions, resulted in the Deutsche Bank in the 1920s. Kaulla received great honors, amongst them the Civil-Verdienst-Medaille with golden chain presented to her by Emperor Franz I. The golden chain is now displayed at Yad Vashem Historic museum in Jerusalem. She is reputed to have been a beautiful, impressive woman, praised for the welfare, her care for the poor (regardless of religion) and her works for the Jewish community in Hechingen.
  • Karoline (Chaile) Kaulla, geborene Raphael, bekannt vor allem unter dem Namen Madame Kaulla, war zu ihrer Zeit eine der größten Hoffaktorinnen und galt als die reichste Frau Deutschlands.
  • Karoline (Chaile) Kaulla, født Raphael, kjent som Madame Kaulla, var på sin tid en av de fremste hoffjøder i Tyskland, og ble regnet som landets rikeste kvinne. Hennes far, Isaak Raphael, var hoffjøde i tjeneste hos huset Hohenzollern-Hechingen. Karoline Kaulla ble hoffbankier ved det hertugelige og kongelige württembergske hoff og sjef for bank- og handelshuset Kaulla i Stuttgart. Senere var hun en av grunnleggerne av den kongelige württembergske hoffbanken, som gjennom flere fusjoner gikk opp i Deutsche Bank på 1920-tallet. Keiser Franz I Stefan tildelte henne den store sivile fortjenstmedalje med gullkjede. Hun skal ha vært en svært vakker og inntrykksfull kvinne, og hennes velgjørenhet, hennes innsats for arméen uten å gjøre skille mellom religionene samt for det jødiske trossamfunnet i Hechingen ble berømt.
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  • Karoline Kaulla (born Raphael, but known foremost under the name Madame Kaulla) or "Kiefe" Auerbacher, born 1739 in Buchau am Federsee, died March 18 1809 in Hechingen, was one of the greatest Court Jews of her time, and was reputed to have been the richest woman in Germany. Her father, Isaak Raphael, was a Court Jew for the house of Hohenzollern. She was the sister of Raphael Kaulla.
  • Karoline (Chaile) Kaulla, geborene Raphael, bekannt vor allem unter dem Namen Madame Kaulla, war zu ihrer Zeit eine der größten Hoffaktorinnen und galt als die reichste Frau Deutschlands.
  • Karoline (Chaile) Kaulla, født Raphael, kjent som Madame Kaulla, var på sin tid en av de fremste hoffjøder i Tyskland, og ble regnet som landets rikeste kvinne. Hennes far, Isaak Raphael, var hoffjøde i tjeneste hos huset Hohenzollern-Hechingen. Karoline Kaulla ble hoffbankier ved det hertugelige og kongelige württembergske hoff og sjef for bank- og handelshuset Kaulla i Stuttgart.
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  • Karoline Kaulla
  • Karoline Kaulla
  • Karoline Kaulla
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