John Kennedy Toole (December 17, 1937 – March 26, 1969) was an American novelist from New Orleans, Louisiana, best-known for his posthumously published novel A Confederacy of Dunces. He also wrote The Neon Bible. Although several people in the literary world felt his writing skills were praiseworthy, Toole's novels were rejected during his lifetime. After suffering from paranoia and depression due in part to these failures, he committed suicide at the age of 31.

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  • John Kennedy Toole (December 17, 1937 – March 26, 1969) was an American novelist from New Orleans, Louisiana, best-known for his posthumously published novel A Confederacy of Dunces. He also wrote The Neon Bible. Although several people in the literary world felt his writing skills were praiseworthy, Toole's novels were rejected during his lifetime. After suffering from paranoia and depression due in part to these failures, he committed suicide at the age of 31. Toole was born to a middle class family in New Orleans. From a young age, his mother taught him an appreciation of culture. She was thoroughly involved in his affairs for most of his life, and at times they had a difficult relationship. With his mother's encouragement, Toole became a stage performer at the age of 10 doing comic impressions and acting. At 16 he wrote his first novel, The Neon Bible, which he later dismissed as "adolescent". Toole received an academic scholarship to Tulane University. After graduating from Tulane, he studied English at Columbia University in New York while teaching simultaneously at Hunter College. He also taught at various Louisiana colleges, and during his early career as an academician he was highly valued on the faculty party circuit for his rapier wit and impressionist skills. His studies were interrupted by his being drafted into the army to teach English to Puerto Rican recruits in San Juan. After receiving a promotion, he used his private office to begin writing A Confederacy of Dunces, which he finished at his parents' home after his discharge. Dunces is a picaresque novel featuring the misadventures of protagonist Ignatius J. Reilly, a lazy, obese, misanthropic, self-styled scholar who lives at home with his mother. It is hailed for its accurate depictions of New Orleans dialects. Toole based Reilly in part on his college professor friend Bob Byrne. Byrne's slovenly, eccentric behavior was anything but professorial, and Reilly mirrored him in these respects. The character was also based on Toole himself, and several personal experiences served as inspiration for passages in the novel. While at Tulane, Toole filled in for a friend at a job as a hot tamale cart vendor, and worked at a family owned and operated clothing factory. Both of these experiences were later adapted into his fiction. Toole submitted Dunces to publisher Simon & Schuster, where it reached noted editor Robert Gottlieb. Gottlieb considered Toole talented, but felt the comic novel was essentially pointless. Despite several revisions, he remained unsatisfied, and after the book was rejected by another literary figure, he shelved the novel. Suffering from depression and feelings of self-persecution, Toole left home on a journey around the country. He stopped in Mississippi to end his life by running a garden hose in from the exhaust of his car to the cabin. Some years later, his mother brought the manuscript of Dunces to the attention of novelist Walker Percy, who ushered the book into print. In 1981, Toole was posthumously awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.
  • John Kennedy Toole war ein amerikanischer Schriftsteller.
  • John Kennedy Toole, fue un novelista estadounidense, autor de La conjura de los necios obra ganadora del Premio Pullitzer de ficción en 1981. Se suicidó en 1969 a los 31 años tras no conseguir publicar esta novela, siendo posteriormente publicada con enorme éxito en 1980 gracias a la insistencia de su madre, Thelma Toole.
  • John Kennedy Toole oli yhdysvaltalainen kirjailija, joka asui New Orleansissa, Louisianassa. Toole ei lukuisista yrityksistä huolimatta saanut teoksiaan julkaistua elinaikanaan, vaan hän ajautui itsemurhaan vuonna 1969. Hänen tunnetuin teoksensa on Typerysten salaliitto, joka ilmestyi vuonna 1980 Toolen äidin vietyä käsikirjoituksen kirjailija Walker Percylle. Percy huolehti käsikirjoituksen läpimenosta kustantajalle. Typerysten salaliitosta on valmisteilla myös elokuva. Toolelle myönnettiin vuonna 1981 postuumisti Pulitzer-palkinto. Hänen toinen tunnettu romaaninsa on nimeltään Neonraamattu.
  • John Kennedy Toole in vita non pubblicò nulla. Solo diversi anni dopo la sua morte, avvenuta a soli 32 anni, la madre riuscì a far leggere il manoscritto di A Confederacy of Dunces (titolo originale di Una banda di idioti) allo scrittore Walker Percy, che affascinato dalla genialità dell'opera, riuscì a convincere un editore a pubblicare il romanzo. Nel 1981 a Toole fu assegnato il Premio Pulitzer per la narrativa.
  • John Kennedy Toole var en amerikansk forfatter fra New Orleans i Louisiana. Han er mest kjent for romanen A Confederacy of Dunces. Verneplikten utførte han i Puerto Rico, der han underviste spansk-talende soldater tilknyttet USAs militære, i engelsk.
  • John Kennedy Toole - amerykański pisarz z Nowego Orleanu, autor powieści Sprzysiężenie osłów (tytuł angielski A Confederacy of Dunces) (1980). Popełnił samobójstwo (wdychanie spalin), a jego powieść wydano pośmiertnie. Za jego życia wydawnictwo Simon and Schuster odrzuciło rękopis. Sprzedano 1,5 miliona egzemplarzy tej książki w 18 językach. Był nauczycielem uniwersyteckim.
  • John Kennedy Toole född 17 december 1937 i New Orleans, Louisiana, död 26 mars 1969 i Biloxi, Mississippi, var en amerikansk författare som skrivit den udda och humoristiska boken Dumskallarnas sammansvärjning. Boken utgavs postumt genom moderns försorg efter Tooles självmord. Toole fick postumt Pulitzerpriset 1981.
  • Джон Кеннеди Тул (17 декабря 1937 — 26 марта 1969) — американский писатель из Нового Орлеана, известный своим сатирическим романом «Сговор остолопов», за который автор посмертно удостоился Пулитцеровской премии. «Сговор», написанный в начале 1960-х, был единственным литературным трудом, который Тул пытался издать; неудача способствовала ухудшению его состояния и через несколько лет писатель покончил с собой. Сохранился также ранний роман «Неоновая библия», написанный Тулом в возрасте 16 лет и сочтённый им самим слишком «сырой» работой, не заслуживающей внимания публики. Несмотря на это, вслед за «Сговором» она была издана и экранизирована.
  • John Kennedy Toole, né le Modèle:Date et mort le Modèle:Date de décès, est un écrivain américain qui se suicida par déception de ne pas être publié, et qui connut le succès après sa mort.
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  • John Kennedy Toole war ein amerikanischer Schriftsteller.
  • John Kennedy Toole, fue un novelista estadounidense, autor de La conjura de los necios obra ganadora del Premio Pullitzer de ficción en 1981. Se suicidó en 1969 a los 31 años tras no conseguir publicar esta novela, siendo posteriormente publicada con enorme éxito en 1980 gracias a la insistencia de su madre, Thelma Toole.
  • John Kennedy Toole in vita non pubblicò nulla. Solo diversi anni dopo la sua morte, avvenuta a soli 32 anni, la madre riuscì a far leggere il manoscritto di A Confederacy of Dunces (titolo originale di Una banda di idioti) allo scrittore Walker Percy, che affascinato dalla genialità dell'opera, riuscì a convincere un editore a pubblicare il romanzo. Nel 1981 a Toole fu assegnato il Premio Pulitzer per la narrativa.
  • John Kennedy Toole var en amerikansk forfatter fra New Orleans i Louisiana. Han er mest kjent for romanen A Confederacy of Dunces. Verneplikten utførte han i Puerto Rico, der han underviste spansk-talende soldater tilknyttet USAs militære, i engelsk.
  • John Kennedy Toole - amerykański pisarz z Nowego Orleanu, autor powieści Sprzysiężenie osłów (tytuł angielski A Confederacy of Dunces) (1980). Popełnił samobójstwo (wdychanie spalin), a jego powieść wydano pośmiertnie. Za jego życia wydawnictwo Simon and Schuster odrzuciło rękopis. Sprzedano 1,5 miliona egzemplarzy tej książki w 18 językach. Był nauczycielem uniwersyteckim.
  • John Kennedy Toole född 17 december 1937 i New Orleans, Louisiana, död 26 mars 1969 i Biloxi, Mississippi, var en amerikansk författare som skrivit den udda och humoristiska boken Dumskallarnas sammansvärjning. Boken utgavs postumt genom moderns försorg efter Tooles självmord. Toole fick postumt Pulitzerpriset 1981.
  • John Kennedy Toole (December 17, 1937 – March 26, 1969) was an American novelist from New Orleans, Louisiana, best-known for his posthumously published novel A Confederacy of Dunces. He also wrote The Neon Bible. Although several people in the literary world felt his writing skills were praiseworthy, Toole's novels were rejected during his lifetime. After suffering from paranoia and depression due in part to these failures, he committed suicide at the age of 31.
  • John Kennedy Toole oli yhdysvaltalainen kirjailija, joka asui New Orleansissa, Louisianassa. Toole ei lukuisista yrityksistä huolimatta saanut teoksiaan julkaistua elinaikanaan, vaan hän ajautui itsemurhaan vuonna 1969. Hänen tunnetuin teoksensa on Typerysten salaliitto, joka ilmestyi vuonna 1980 Toolen äidin vietyä käsikirjoituksen kirjailija Walker Percylle. Percy huolehti käsikirjoituksen läpimenosta kustantajalle. Typerysten salaliitosta on valmisteilla myös elokuva.
  • Джон Кеннеди Тул (17 декабря 1937 — 26 марта 1969) — американский писатель из Нового Орлеана, известный своим сатирическим романом «Сговор остолопов», за который автор посмертно удостоился Пулитцеровской премии. «Сговор», написанный в начале 1960-х, был единственным литературным трудом, который Тул пытался издать; неудача способствовала ухудшению его состояния и через несколько лет писатель покончил с собой.
  • John Kennedy Toole, né le Modèle:Date et mort le Modèle:Date de décès, est un écrivain américain qui se suicida par déception de ne pas être publié, et qui connut le succès après sa mort.
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  • John Kennedy Toole
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