| dbpprop:abstract
|
- John Joseph Hopfield is an American scientist most widely known for his invention of an associative neural network in 1982. It is now more commonly known as the Hopfield Network. John Hopfield received his BA from Swarthmore College, and a Ph. D in physics from Cornell University in 1958. He spent two years in the theory group at Bell Laboratories, and subsequently was a faculty member at University of California, Berkeley (physics), Princeton University (physics), California Institute of Technology (Chemistry and Biology) and now again at Princeton, where he is the Howard A. Prior Professor of Molecular Biology. For 35 years, he also continued a strong connection with Bell Laboratories. He was awarded the Dirac Medal of the ICTP in 2002 for his interdisciplinary contributions to understanding biology as a physical process, including the proofreading process in biomolecular synthesis and a description of collective dynamics and computing with attractors in neural networks, and the Oliver Buckley Prize of the American Physical Society for work on the interactions between light and solids. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was the President of the American Physical Society in 2006. His most influential papers have been "The Contribution of Excitons to the Complex Dielectric Constant of Crystals" (1958), describing the polariton; “Electron transfer between biological molecules by thermally activated tunneling” (1974), describing the quantum mechanics of long-range electron transfers; "Kinetic Proofreading: a New Mechanism for Reducing Errors in Biosynthetic Processes Requiring High Specificity" (1974); "Neural networks and physical systems with emergent collective computational abilities" (1982) (known as the Hopfield Network) and, with D. W. Tank, “Neural computation of decisions in optimization problems” (1985). His current research and recent papers are chiefly focused on the ways in which action potential timing and synchrony can be used in neurobiological computation. He is currently a professor in the department of Molecular Biology at Princeton University and is a former President of the American Physical Society (APS). He previously taught at Princeton in the physics department and at the California Institute of Technology. His undergraduate degree, in physics, is from Swarthmore College and his doctorate, also in physics, is from Cornell University under the direction of Albert Overhauser. Hopfield was born in 1933 to Polish physicist John Joseph Hopfield and his physicist wife Helen Hopfield. Helen was the older Hopfield's second wife. He is the sixth of Hopfield's children and has three children and six grandchildren of his own.
- John Joseph Hopfield ist ein US-amerikanischer Physiker, Biologe und Neurowissenschaftler. Er ist vor allem durch seine Erfindung eines Assoziativen Neuronalen Netzes 1982 bekannt. Hopfield ist der Sohn eines Physikerehepaars, der Vater hat polnische Ursprünge. Er studierte am Swarthmore College (Bachelor-Abschluss 1954) und wurde 1958 an der Cornell University bei Albert Overhauser in Physik promoviert. Danach war er bis 1960 an den Bell Laboratories, 1960/1 Forscher an der École normale supérieure, ab 1961 Assistant Professor an der University of California, Berkeley und ab 1964 Professor für Physik an der Princeton University. Von 1980 bis 1997 war er Professor für Chemie und Biologie am Caltech und ab 1997 wieder (Howard A. Prior-) Professor in Princeton, diesmal für Molekularbiologie. Daneben war er von 1973 bis 1989 Mitglied der Bell Laboratories. 1962 bis 1964 war er Sloan Fellow und 1969 als Guggenheim Fellow am Cavendish-Laboratorium in Cambridge. 1983 bis 1988 war er McArthur Preisträger. 1969 erhielt er den Buckley-Preis der American Physical Society (APS) und 1985 deren Biophysik-Preis. 1988 erhielt er den Michelson-Morley-Award der Case Western Reserve University und 1991 wurde er kalifornischer Wissenschaftler des Jahres des California Museum of Science and Industry. Für seine Arbeiten über neuronale Netzwerke erhielt er außerdem 1997 den Neural Network Pioneer Award der IEEE und 1999 den International Neural Network Society Helmholtz Award. 2001 erhielt er die Dirac-Medaille des International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) in Triest. Hopfield ist Mitglied der National Academy of Sciences, der American Academy of Arts and Sciences und der American Philosophical Society. 2006 war er Präsident der American Physical Society. Hopfield beschäftigte sich u.a. mit Festkörperphysik, Elektronentransfer in biologischen Makromolekülen, Fehlerkorrektur in der Molekularbiologie und die Physik neuronaler Netzwerke und emergenten kollektiven Berechnungen in solchen Netzwerken.
- John Joseph Hopfield est un physicien américain né en 1933, principalement connu pour son modèle de réseaux de neurones publié en 1982 : le modèle de Hopfield. Il est actuellement professeur au département de biologie moléculaire à l'Université de Princeton.
- ジョン・ホップフィールド（英: John Joseph Hopfield、1933年 - ）はアメリカの科学者であり、1982年に「連想型ニューラルネットワーク」の発明でよく知られており、これは現在ではホップフィールド・ネットワークと呼ばれている。 現在、プリンストン大学で分子生物学の教授を務めるとともに、アメリカ物理学会の会長も務めている。以前は、プリンストン大学で物理学部で教えていたこともあり、カリフォルニア工科大学でも教鞭をとったことがある。1954年、スワスモア大学で物理学の学士号を取得し、1958年、コーネル大学で物理学の博士号を取得した。
|
![[RDF Data]](/statics/sw-cube.png)
