| dbpprop:abstract
|
- Jean de Thévenot was a French traveller in the East, who wrote extensively about his journeys. He was also a linguist, natural scientist and botanist. He was born in Paris and received his education in the Collège de Navarre. He was a nephew of Melchisédech Thévenot. Thévenot conceived a desire to travel from reading other travel writing, and his wealth allowed him to fulfill this desire. Leaving France in 1652, he first visited England, the Netherlands, Germany and Italy, and at Rome he fell in with D'Herbelot, who invited him to be his companion in a projected voyage to the Levant. D'Herbelot was detained by private affairs, but Thévenot sailed from Rome in May 1655, and, after vainly waiting five months at Malta, took passage for Constantinople alone. He remained in Constantinople until the following August, and then proceeded to Smyrna, the Greek islands, and finally to Egypt, landing at Alexandria on New Year's Day, 1657. He stayed for a year in Egypt, then visited Sinai, and, upon returning to Cairo, joined the Lent pilgrim caravan to Jerusalem. He visited the chief places of pilgrimage in Palestine, and, after being twice taken by corsairs, got back to Damietta by sea, and was again in Cairo in time to view the opening of the canal on the rise of the Nile. In January 1659 he sailed from Alexandria in an English ship, visiting Goletta and Tunis on the way, and, after a sharp engagement with Spanish corsairs, one of which fell a prize to the English merchantman, reached Leghorn on April 12. He now spent four years at home in studies useful to a traveller, and in November 1663 again sailed for the East, calling at Alexandria and landing at Sidon, whence he proceeded by land to Damascus, Aleppo, and then through Mesopotamia to Mosul, Baghdad and Mendeli. Here he entered Persia, proceeding by Kermanshah and Hamadan to Isfahan, where he spent five months (October 1664 - February 1665), and then joining company with the merchant Tavernier, proceeded by Shiraz and Lar to Bander-Abbasi, in the hope of finding a passage to India. This was difficult, because of the opposition of the Dutch, and though Tavernier was able to proceed, Thévenot found it prudent to return to Shiraz. Having visited the ruins of Persepolis, he made his way to Basra and sailed for India on November 6 1665, in the ship "Hopewell," arriving at the port of Surat on January 10, 1666. He was in India for thirteen months, and crossed the country by Golconda to Masulipatam, returning overland to Surat, from which he sailed to Bander-Abbasi and went up to Shiraz. He passed the summer of 1667 at Isfahan, disabled by an accidental pistol-shot; and in October started for Tabriz, but died on the way at Miyana on the November 28, 1667. Thévenot was an accomplished polyglot, skilled in Turkish, Arabic and Persian, and a curious and diligent observer. He was also well skilled in natural sciences, especially in botany, for which he made large collections in India. His personal character was admirable, and his writings are still esteemed, though it has been justly observed that, unlike John Chardin, he saw only the outside of Eastern life. The account of his first journey was published at Paris in 1665; it forms the first part of his collected Voyages. The licence is dated December 1663, and the preface shows that Thévenot himself arranged it for publication before leaving on his second voyage. The second and third parts were posthumously published from his journals in 1674 and 1684. A collected edition appeared at Paris in 1689, and a second in duodecimo at Amsterdam in 1727 (5 vols.). There is an acceptable English translation by A. Lovell.
- Jean de Thévenot war ein französischer Asien-Reisender, der seine Fahrten ausführlich beschrieb. Zudem war er ein Sprachwissenschaftler, Naturwissenschaftler und Botaniker.
- Jean de Thévenot, né à Paris le 16 juin 1633 et mort à Mianeh le 28 novembre 1667, est un voyageur français, connu pour ses récits de voyages en Europe, en Afrique du Nord, au Moyen-Orient et en Inde. Il a introduit le café en France en 1655.
- Fransız Doğu gezgini. Seyahat kitapları yayımcısı Melchisedech Thévenot'nun yeğeni olan Jean Thévenot'nun bilinen tek mesleği gezginliktir. 18 yaşında öğrenimini bitirir bitirmez Avrupa'yı gezmeye başlar ve İngiltere, Hollanda ve Almanya'yı gördükten sonra İtalya'ya gelir. Venedik'ten Roma'ya geçer ve oradan denizyoluyla ve Malta üzerinden 2 Aralık 1655'te İstanbul'a vardı. 30 Ağustos 1656'ya kadar burada kalan Thévenot kentin, Köprülü Mehmed Paşa'nın sadrazamlığa getirilmesinden önceki karışık dönemini görür, ancak gözlemleri daha çok günlük hayata, örf ve adetlere yöneliktir. Önce kentin genel bir tasviri yapılır, sokaklar dar ve düzensizdir ancak önemli binalarda vardır. Bunların başında Ayasofya gelir. Ondan sonra Ayasofya modelinde yapılmış olduğu yazılan Süleymaniye Camii ve I. Süleyman Türbesi'nden, Sultanahmet Camii ve Türbesi'nden, Fatih, Sultan Selim, Şehzade ve Bayezid camilerinden kısaca söz edilir. Bizans döneminden kalan sütun ve dikilitaşlara ayrılan kısa bir bahisten sonra sıra Topkapı Sarayı'na gelir. Burada dışarıdan görülebilenler ve genel bilgiler aktarılır. Hanlar ve kervansaraylar bölümünde Büyük Valide Hanı'ndan söz edilir. İstanbul evlerinin ahşap ve dayanıksız olduğunu yazan Thévenot İstanbul'a geldiği gün büyük bir yangının 8,000 evi yaktığını ve burada kaldığı sürece iki yangının daha çıktığını ekler. Galata taraflarında evler çok daha sağlamdır. Pera'da ise yabancı elçiler ve zengin Rumlar oturur. Tasvir Üsküdar, Adalar ve Boğaziçi hakkında verilen bazı bilgilerle sona erer. Bundan sonraki bölümler ise Türklerin örf ve adetlerine, giysilerine, yemeklerine, hamamlarına, oyunlarına aittir. İslam'a ait oldukça uzun bir bölüm ayıran Thévenot, bu konuda oldukça doğru ve yansız bilgiler verir. Thévenot İstanbul'dan ayrıldıktan sonra karayoluyla, Bursa üzerinden İzmir'e ve oradan gemiyle İskenderiye'ye gider. Mısır'da bir yıldan fazla kalır. Mart 1658'de Kudüs'e doğru yola çıkar ve haziranda Kahire'ye geri döner. 4 Şubat 1659'da ise İskenderiye'den gemiye binerek Tunus'a uğradıktan sonra 12 Nisan'da Livorno'ya varır. Bu ilk yolculuğun izlenimleri 1665'te Rouen'de Relation d'un voyage fait au Levant adıyla basıldığında Thévenot ikinci Doğu yolculuğuna çıkmıştı. Ekim 1663'te Marsilya'dan Mısır'a, oradan Suriye ve Mezopotamya üzerinden Basra'ya ve Hindistan'a, dönüşte Bender Abbas'tan Şiraz'a giderken bir kaza sonucu yaralandı, İsfahan'a uğradıktan sonra Tebriz yolunda 1667 sonbaharında öldü. Bırakmış olduğu notlardan yayımlanan ikinci yolculuğun günlüğü iki cilt halinde 1674 ve 1684'te basılmıştır.
|
![[RDF Data]](/statics/sw-cube.png)
