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- Jean-André Deluc (8 February 1727 – 7 November 1817) was a Swiss geologist and meteorologist. He was born at Geneva, descended from a family which had emigrated from Lucca and settled at Geneva in the 15th century. His father, François Deluc, was the author of some publications in refutation of Mandeville and other rationalistic writers, which are best known through Rousseau's humorous account of his ennui in reading them; and he gave his son an excellent education, chiefly in mathematics and natural science. On completing it Jean-André engaged in commerce, which principally occupied the first forty-six years of his life, without any other interruption than that which was occasioned by some journeys of business into the neighboring countries, and a few scientific excursions among the Alps. During these, however, he collected by degrees, in conjunction with his brother Guillaume Antoine Deluc, a splendid museum of mineralogy and of natural history in general, which was afterwards increased by his nephew J. André Deluc (1763-1847), who was also a writer on geology. He at the same time took a prominent part in politics. In 1768 he was sent to Paris on an embassy to the duc de Choiseul, whose friendship he succeeded in gaining. In 1770 he was nominated one of the Council of Two Hundred. Three years later unexpected reverses in business made it advisable for him to quit his native town, which he only revisited once for a few days. The change was welcome insofar as it set him entirely free for scientific pursuits, and it was with little regret that he removed to England in 1773. He was made a fellow of the Royal Society in the same year, and received the appointment of reader to Queen Charlotte, which he continued to hold for forty-four years, and which afforded him both leisure and a competent income. In the latter part of his life he obtained leave to make several tours in Switzerland, France, Holland and Germany. In Germany he passed the six years from 1798 to 1804; and after his return he undertook a geological tour through England. When he was at Göttingen, in the beginning of his German tour, he received the compliment of being appointed honorary professor of philosophy and geology in that university; but he never entered upon the active duties of a professorship. He was also a correspondent of the French Academy of Sciences, and a member of several other scientific associations. He died at Windsor in 1817. His favorite studies were geology and meteorology. The situation of his native country had naturally led him to contemplate the peculiarities of the earths structure, and the properties of the atmosphere, as particularly displayed in mountainous countries, and as subservient to the measurement of heights. According to Georges Cuvier, he ranked among the first geologists of his age. His principal geological work, Lettres physiques et morales sur les montagnes et sur l'histoire de la terre et de l'homme, first published in 1778, and in a more complete form in 1779, was dedicated to Queen Charlotte. It dealt with the appearance of mountains and the antiquity of the-human race, explained the six days of the Mosaic creation as so many epochs preceding the actual state of the globe, and attributed the deluge to the filling up of cavities supposed to have been left void in the interior of the earth. He published later an important series of volumes on geological travels in the north of Europe (1810), in England (1811), and in France, Switzerland and Germany (1813). These were translated into English. Deluc's original experiments relating to meteorology were valuable to the natural philosopher; and he discovered many facts of considerable importance relating to heat and moisture. He noticed the disappearance of heat in the thawing of ice about the same time that Joseph Black founded on it his ingenious hypothesis of latent heat. He ascertained that water was denser about 40 F. (4 C. ) than at the temperature of freezing, expanding equally on each side of the maximum; and he was the originator of the theory, afterward readvanced by John Dalton, that the quantity of aqueous vapour contained in any space is independent of the presence or density of the air, or of any other elastic fluid. His Recherches sur les modifications de l'atmosphere (2 vols. 4to, Geneva, 1772; 2nd ed. , 4 vols. 8vo, Paris, 1784) contains many accurate and ingenious experiments upon moisture, evaporation and the indications of hygrometers and thermometers, applied to the barometer employed in determining heights. In. the Phil. Trans. , 1773, appeared his account of a new hygrometer, which resembled a mercurial thermometer, with an ivory bulb, which expanded by moisture, and caused the mercury to descend. The first correct rules ever published for measuring heights by the barometer were those he gave in the Phil. Trans. , 1771, p. 158. His Lettres sur l'histoire physique de la terre (8vo, Paris, 1798), addressed to Professor Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, contains an essay on the existence of a General Principle of Morality. It also gives an interesting account of some conversations of the author with Voltaire and Rousseau. Deluc was an ardent admirer of Bacon, on whose writings he published two works; Bacon tel quil est (8vo, Berlin, 1800), showing the bad faith of the French translator, who had omitted many passages favorable to revealed religion, and Prcis de la philosophic de Bacon (2 vols 8vo, Paris, 1802), giving an interesting view of the progress of natural science. Lettres sur le Christianisme (Berlin and Hanover, iSo,, 1803) was a controversial correspondence with Dr Teller of Berlin in regard to the Mosaic cosmogony. His Trail elementaire de geologie (8vo, Paris, 1809, also in English, by de la Fite, the same year) was principally intended as a refutation of James Hutton and John Playfair. They had shown that geology was driven by the operation of internal heat and erosion. Their system required much more time than Deluc's Mosaic variety of Neptunism allowed. He sent to the Royal Society, in 1809, a long paper on separating the chemical from the electrical effect of the dry pile a form of Voltaic pile, with a description of the electric column and aerial electroscope, in which he advanced opinions so little in unison with the latest discoveries of the day, that the council deemed it inexpedient to admit them into the Transactions. The paper was afterwards published in Nicholson's Journal (xxvi. ), and the dry column described in it was constructed by various experimental philosophers. His improvements to the dry pile has been regarded as his most important work although he was not in fact its inventor. Many other of his papers on subjects kindred to those already mentioned are to be found in the Transactions and in the Philosophical Magazine. See Philosophical Magazine (November 1817).
- Jean-André Deluc war ein Schweizer Geologe und Meteorologe. Deluc studierte Naturwissenschaft und begründete seinen Ruf durch Untersuchungen über die Veränderungen der Atmosphäre und durch Barometermessungen. Er gehörte zu den Mitgliedern der Genfer Volkspartei, und wurde 1770 Mitglied des Großen Rats, begab sich aber bald darauf nach London, wo er 1773 Vorleser der Königin von England Sophie Charlotte von Mecklenburg-Strelitz wurde. 1798 wurde er zum Honorarprofessor der Philosophie und Geologie in Göttingen ernannt, lebte aber niemals dort, sondern abwechselnd in Berlin, Hannover, Braunschweig und London.
- Jean André Deluc, scientifique suisse, né à Genève en 1727, mort à Windsor en 1817 Il était fils d'un horloger. Nommé en 1768 délégué de Genève à Paris, il devint en 1770 membre du Grand Conseil de Genève. Il s'est surtout occupé de physique et de géologie, a parcouru presque toute l'Europe pour recueillir des observations, et s'est efforcé de faire cadrer ses découvertes avec le texte de la Genèse. Il passa une partie de sa vie en Angleterre, et fut nommé lecteur de la reine. Ses principaux ouvrages sont : Théorie des baromètres et des thermomètres; Nouvelles idées sur la météorologie; Lettres à la reine d'Angleterre sur les montagnes et l'histoire de la Terre, 1778-1780; Éléments de géologie; Voyages géologiques, 1810. Il donna en 1801 un Précis de la philosophie de Bacon, dans le but de combattre Antoine Lassalle, traducteur infidèle du philosophe anglais. On doit à J. A. Deluc des perfectionnements importants dans le baromètre, le thermomètre et l'hygromètre.
- Jean-André Deluc foi um geólogo e meteorologista suíço. Ele nasceu em Genebra, descendendo de uma família de imigrantes de Lucca que se estabeleceu em Genebra no século XV. Seu pai, Francos Deluc, foi o autor de algumas publicações que buscavam refutar Mandeville e outros escritores racionalistas. Ele deu a seu filho uma excelente educação, orientado-lhe na matemática e nas ciências naturais. Jean-André trabalhou no comércio, que foi sua principal ocupação nos primeiros 46 anos da sua vida, sem nenhuma outra interrupção que não fosse ocasionada por algumas viagem de negócios às nações vizinhas, e umas poucas excursões científicas entres os Alpes.
- Жан Андре Делюк (фр. Jean André Deluc, 1727—1817) — геолог и метеоролог; читал лекции королеве английской в Лондоне, потом был профессором философии в Геттингене. Заслуги Делюка заключаются в улучшении барометра и исследованиях над термометром.
- Jean-André Deluc, född 8 februari 1727 i Genève, död 7 november 1817 i Windsor, var en schweizisk naturforskare, professor. Deluc utnämndes 1798 till professor i filosofi och geologi i Göttingen, men vistades aldrig där, utan uppehöll sig mestadels i London och Berlin. Han författade flera värdefulla arbeten, bland annat Recherches sur les modifications de l’atmosphère (1772-84), Lettres physiques et morales sur l’histoire de la terre et de l’homme (1778-80), Lettres à Blumenbach sur l’histoire physique de la terre (1798) och Introduction à la physique terrestre etc. (1803). Han var även den, som fulländade konstruktionen av den 80-gradiga termometern. Han tilldelades tillsammans med James Rennell Copleymedaljen 1791.
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- Jean-André Deluc (8 February 1727 – 7 November 1817) was a Swiss geologist and meteorologist. He was born at Geneva, descended from a family which had emigrated from Lucca and settled at Geneva in the 15th century.
- Jean-André Deluc war ein Schweizer Geologe und Meteorologe. Deluc studierte Naturwissenschaft und begründete seinen Ruf durch Untersuchungen über die Veränderungen der Atmosphäre und durch Barometermessungen. Er gehörte zu den Mitgliedern der Genfer Volkspartei, und wurde 1770 Mitglied des Großen Rats, begab sich aber bald darauf nach London, wo er 1773 Vorleser der Königin von England Sophie Charlotte von Mecklenburg-Strelitz wurde.
- Jean André Deluc, scientifique suisse, né à Genève en 1727, mort à Windsor en 1817 Il était fils d'un horloger. Nommé en 1768 délégué de Genève à Paris, il devint en 1770 membre du Grand Conseil de Genève. Il s'est surtout occupé de physique et de géologie, a parcouru presque toute l'Europe pour recueillir des observations, et s'est efforcé de faire cadrer ses découvertes avec le texte de la Genèse.
- Jean-André Deluc foi um geólogo e meteorologista suíço. Ele nasceu em Genebra, descendendo de uma família de imigrantes de Lucca que se estabeleceu em Genebra no século XV. Seu pai, Francos Deluc, foi o autor de algumas publicações que buscavam refutar Mandeville e outros escritores racionalistas. Ele deu a seu filho uma excelente educação, orientado-lhe na matemática e nas ciências naturais.
- Жан Андре Делюк (фр. Jean André Deluc, 1727—1817) — геолог и метеоролог; читал лекции королеве английской в Лондоне, потом был профессором философии в Геттингене. Заслуги Делюка заключаются в улучшении барометра и исследованиях над термометром.
- Jean-André Deluc, född 8 februari 1727 i Genève, död 7 november 1817 i Windsor, var en schweizisk naturforskare, professor. Deluc utnämndes 1798 till professor i filosofi och geologi i Göttingen, men vistades aldrig där, utan uppehöll sig mestadels i London och Berlin.
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