In the Mongol Empire, jarliq (зарлиг) or jarligh (iarlyk in Russian, also transliterated yarlyk and the Tartar yarligh) was one of three types of non-fundamental law pronouncements that had the effect of a regulation or ordinance, the other two being debter (a record of precedence cases for administration and judicial decisions) and bilig (maxims or sayings attributed to Chinghis Khan). The jarliq provide important information about the running of the Mongol Empire.
| Property | Value |
|---|
| dbpedia-owl:abstract
|
- Jarłyk – pisemne rozporządzenie dla władców podbitych ziem wydawane przez władców mongolskich księciom ruskim. Na podlegającej Złotej Ordzie Rusi jarłyk był formalnym potwierdzeniem oddania we władanie książętom ruskim ich ziemi. Jarłyki pisano przeważnie w języku ujgurskim, później w języku arabskim.
- In the Mongol Empire, jarliq (зарлиг) or jarligh (iarlyk in Russian, also transliterated yarlyk and the Tartar yarligh) was one of three types of non-fundamental law pronouncements that had the effect of a regulation or ordinance, the other two being debter (a record of precedence cases for administration and judicial decisions) and bilig (maxims or sayings attributed to Chinghis Khan). The jarliq provide important information about the running of the Mongol Empire. Ogedei Khagan prohibited the nobility from issuing gergees (tablet that gave the bearer authority to demand goods and services from civilian populations) and jarliqs in the 1230's. From the mid-thirteenth to mid-fifteenth centuries, all Rus princes received jarliq authorizing their rule. Initially, those jarliq came from the qaghan in Karakorum, but after Batu established his khanate, they came from Sarai. None of these jarliq, however, is extant. In the mid-fifteenth century, Basil II began forbidding other Rus princes from receiving the jarliq from Mongol khans, thus establishing the right of the Moscow grand prince to authorize local princely rule. Kublai Khan began the practice of having the four great aristocrats in his kheshig sign all jarliqs (decree), a practice that spread to all other Mongol khanates in 1280. Ghazan reformed the issuance of jarliqs (edicts), creating set forms and graded seals, ordering that all jarliqs be kept on file at court in Persia. Jarliqs older than 30 years were to be cancelled, along with old paizas (Mongol seals of authority). In the Rus metropolitan archive are preserved six jarliq (constituting the so-called Short Collection) considered to be translations into Russian of authentic patents issued from the Qipchaq Khanate: (1) from Khan Tiuliak (Tulunbek) of Mamai's Horde to Metropolitan Mikhail (Mitia) (1379);(2) from Khatun Taydula to the Rus' princes (1347); (3) from Khan Mengu-Temir to Metropolitan Peter (1308); (4) from Khatun Taydula to Metropolitan Feognost (1343); (5) from Khan Berdibek to Metropolitan Alexei (1357); and (6) from Khatun Taydula to Metropolitan Alexei (1354). A seventh jarliq, which purports to be from Khan Özbeg to Metropolitan Peter (found in the so-called full collection) has been determined to be a sixteenth-century forgery. The jarliq to the metropolitans affirm the freedom of the Church from taxes and tributes, and declare that the Church's property should be protected from expropriation or damage as long as Rus churchmen pray for the well-being of the khan and his family.
- Ярлык в монгольских и тюркских, в том числе татарских и казахских ханствах — письменное повеление хана, грамота ханская или информация о конкретном воплощении законов Ясы. По своей структуре слово ярлык образовано корнем йар - от тюркского оглашать, громко объвлять, клич и тюркским же аффиксом лык. Тюркское происхождение корня слова подтверждается значениями йар как половина; разрубание; рассечение однородной среды (например, снега, в рассматриваемом контексте в переносном смысле воздуха). Ярлыки имели большое значение на Руси в XIII—XV веках во время Монголо-татарского ига. Духовенству ярлыки выписывались на освобождение от ханских податей и повинностей. Ярлыки русским князьям и духовенству были полностью уничтожены приблизительно в XV—XVI веках. Информация о ярлыках до нас дошла через летописи.
|
| dcterms:subject
| |
| rdfs:comment
|
- Jarłyk – pisemne rozporządzenie dla władców podbitych ziem wydawane przez władców mongolskich księciom ruskim. Na podlegającej Złotej Ordzie Rusi jarłyk był formalnym potwierdzeniem oddania we władanie książętom ruskim ich ziemi. Jarłyki pisano przeważnie w języku ujgurskim, później w języku arabskim.
- Ярлык в монгольских и тюркских, в том числе татарских и казахских ханствах — письменное повеление хана, грамота ханская или информация о конкретном воплощении законов Ясы. По своей структуре слово ярлык образовано корнем йар - от тюркского оглашать, громко объвлять, клич и тюркским же аффиксом лык. Тюркское происхождение корня слова подтверждается значениями йар как половина; разрубание; рассечение однородной среды (например, снега, в рассматриваемом контексте в переносном смысле воздуха).
- In the Mongol Empire, jarliq (зарлиг) or jarligh (iarlyk in Russian, also transliterated yarlyk and the Tartar yarligh) was one of three types of non-fundamental law pronouncements that had the effect of a regulation or ordinance, the other two being debter (a record of precedence cases for administration and judicial decisions) and bilig (maxims or sayings attributed to Chinghis Khan). The jarliq provide important information about the running of the Mongol Empire.
|
| rdfs:label
|
- Jarłyk
- Ярлык (грамота)
- Jarliq
|
| owl:sameAs
| |
| foaf:page
| |
| is dbpedia-owl:wikiPageRedirects
of | |
| is owl:sameAs
of | |
| is foaf:primaryTopic
of | |
