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- Sir James Edward Smith (2 December 1759 – 17 March 1828) was an English botanist and founder of the Linnean Society. Smith was born in Norwich in 1759, the son of a wealthy wool merchant. He displayed a precocious interest in the natural world. During the early 1780s he enrolled in the medical course at the University of Edinburgh where he studied chemistry under Joseph Black and natural history under John Walker. He then moved to London in 1783 to continue his studies. Smith was a friend of Sir Joseph Banks who was offered the entire collection of books, manuscripts and specimens of the Swedish natural historian and botanist Carolus Linnaeus, following the death of his son Carolus Linnaeus the Younger. Banks declined the purchase but Smith bought the collection for the bargain price of £1,000. The collection arrived in London in 1784 and in 1786 Smith was elected Fellow of the Royal Society. Between 1786 and 1788 Smith travelled the Grand Tour through the Netherlands, France, Italy and Switzerland visiting botanists, picture galleries and herbaria. He founded the Linnean Society of London in 1788 becoming its first President, a post he held until his death. He returned to live in Norwich in 1796 bringing with him the entire Linnean Collection. His library and botanical collections acquired European fame and were visited by numerous entomologists and botanists throughout the Continent. In 1792, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Smith spent the remaining thirty years of his life writing books and articles upon botany. His books included Flora Britannica and The English Flora (4 volumes, 1824 – 1828). He contributed 3,348 botanical articles to Rees's Cyclopaedia between 1808 and 1819, following the death of Rev. William Wood, who had started the work. He contributed 7 volumes to the only major botanical publication of the eighteenth century, Flora Graeca, the publications begun by John Sibthorp. A fruitful collaboration was found through descriptions Smith supplied to publisher and illustrator, James Sowerby. Depiction of flora in England had previously only found patronage for aesthetic concerns, but an interest in gardening and natural history saw illustrated publications, such as the exotic A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland and the 36 volume work English Botany, reaching new audiences. In 1797 Smith published The Natural History of the Rarer Lepidopterous Insects of Georgia, the earliest book on American insects. It included the illustrations and notes of John Abbot, with descriptions of new species by Smith based on Abbot's drawings. Smith's friendship with William Roscoe saw him contribute 5000 plants between 1806 and 1817 to supplement the Roylean Herbarium. This was to become the Smith Herbarium held by the Liverpool Botanic Garden. After Smith's death the Linnean Collection, together with Smith's own collections, were bought by the Linnean Society for £3,150. He was married to Pleasance Reeve (1773-1877). She survived her husband by 49 years and edited his memoirs and correspondence. They are buried together at St Margaret's, Lowestoft.
- Sir James Edward Smith, né le 2 décembre 1759 à Norwich, mort le 17 mars 1828, est un botaniste britannique, connu notamment pour avoir été le fondateur et le premier président de la Société linnéenne de Londres.
- Interessatosi fin da giovanissimo alla flora e alle scienze naturali, studiò medicina all'Università di Edimburgo. Nel 1783 si trasferì a Londra. Qui, l'anno successivo, ebbe l'opportunità di acquistare, salvandola, l'intera collezione di storia naturale svedese di Linneo, comprendente migliaia fra specie di piante, insetti e molluschi, oltre a documenti e libri. La pubblicità di questa iniziativa permisse a Smith di ottenere l'ammissione alla Royal Society. Dal 1786 entrò nella schiera dei viaggiatori del Grand Tour, visitando giardini botanici, musei ed erbari di Olanda, Francia, Italia e Svizzera. Rientrato a Londra nel 1788, vi fondò la Linnean Society, che presiedette sino alla morte. La sua biblioteca e la sua collezione botanica acquistarono molta fama, tanto da essere visitate da numerosi entomologi e botanici provenienti da tutta Europa. Tra il 1808 e il 1819 scrisse oltre 3.000 articoli di botanica sulla «New Cyclopaedia», il dizionario universale delle arti e delle scienze di Abraham Rees. Fra le sue pubblicazioni più note, si devono ricordare la Flora Britannica e i quattro volumi della Flora inglese editi tra il 1824 e il 1828. Fra i suoi scritti di entomologia, particolare rilevanza ebbe la Storia naturale degli insetti rari di Georgia edita nel 1797, in cui si occupò, in particolare, delle rare specie di lepidotteri presenti nello stato americano. Molte sue memorie inedite vennero pubblicate, postume, nel 1832, a cura della moglie.
- James Edward Smith – brytyjski botanik i założyciel Linnean Society of London. Najstarszy syn bogatego handlarza wełną. Studiował nauki przyrodnicze najpierw na University of Edinburgh, w 1783 r. przeniósł się i kontynuował studia w Londynie. Za 1000 funtów kupił kolekcję książek, rękopisów i zielników Karola Linneusza, która w efekcie trafiła do Londynu w 1784 r. Dwa lata później Smith został członkiem Royal Society. W latach 1786–1788 odbył podróż przez kilka krajów zachodnioeuropejskich, odwiedzając botaników i herbaria. Po powrocie, 8 kwietnia 1788 r. założył Linnean Society of London, którego został dożywotnim prezydentem. W 1796 ożenił się z Pleasance Reeve i przeniósł się do Norwich wraz z całą kolekcją linneuszowską. Kolekcja zyskała już wówczas wielki rozgłos i odwiedzana była przez wielu przyrodników z całej Europy. Przez następnych 30 lat, aż do śmierci publikował liczne prace botaniczne. Po śmierci w 1828 r. cała jego kolekcja przyrodnicza została wykupiona przez Linnean Society za potężną wówczas sumę 3500 funtów (organizacja wpadła przez to w długi spłacone ostatecznie dopiero w 1861 roku). Ważniejsze dzieła: Sketch of a Tour on the Continent (1793) Flora Graeca (1806-1840) – jako kontynuator dzieła rozpoczętego przez Johna Sibthorpa Flora Britannica The English Flora (4 tomy, 1824–1828) English Botany: Or, Coloured Figures of British Plants, with their Essential Characters, Synonyms and Places of Growth New Cyclopaedia – jako autor 3348 haseł z zakresu botaniki i 57 biogramów botaników.
- Sir James Edward Smith foi um botânico britânico, conhecido por ter sido o fundador e o primeiro presidente da Sociedade Linneana de Londres. Escreveu A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland, primeiro livro sobre a flora australiana.
- Сэр Джеймс Э́двард (Джемс-Эдвард) Смит — английский ботаник, основатель Лондонского Линнеевского общества. Известен многими сочинениями по систематике растений, в особенности по флоре Великобритании.
- Sir James Edward Smith (2 december 1759 - 17 mars 1828) var en engelsk botaniker och grundare av Linnean Society of London. Genom en stor gåva från vännen Sir Joseph Banks av en samling böcker, manuskript och exemplar från den svenska botanikern och naturhistorikern Carl von Linné, grundlade Smith sitt stora bibliotek av botaniska skrifter. Denna samling utökades sedan aktivt utökade fram till hans död och var vida känd bland botaniker runt om i Europa som ofta kunde besöka Smith för att utnyttja biblioteket. Smith var en driven författare och spenderade sina 30 sista år på att skriva böcker och artiklar om botanik. Bland hans verk kan nämnas Flora Britannica och The English Flora. Han bidrog med 3 348 botaniska artiklar till Ree's Cyclopædia mellan 1808 och 1819. Smith bidrog också med 7 volymer till den enda större botaniska publikationen under 1700-talet, Flora Graeca. Smith hade ett mycket gott samarbete med sin illustratör, James Sowerby, som han försåg med noga beskrivningar som skulle användas för att avbilda växter. Tidigare hade avbildningar av flora i England endast varit en estetisk fråga, men med det växande intresset för botanik och trädgårdar påbörjades illustrerade publikationer, som den exotiska A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland och English Botany i 36 volymer. Smith invaldes 1792 som utländsk ledamot nummer 156 av Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien. Smith var gift med Pleasance Reeve (1773-1877) som överlevde honom med 49 år. Hon redigerade hans memoarer och fortsatte sin avlidne man korrespondens. De är begravda tillsammans vid St. Margaret, Lowestoft.
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- Sir James Edward Smith (2 December 1759 – 17 March 1828) was an English botanist and founder of the Linnean Society. Smith was born in Norwich in 1759, the son of a wealthy wool merchant. He displayed a precocious interest in the natural world. During the early 1780s he enrolled in the medical course at the University of Edinburgh where he studied chemistry under Joseph Black and natural history under John Walker. He then moved to London in 1783 to continue his studies.
- Sir James Edward Smith, né le 2 décembre 1759 à Norwich, mort le 17 mars 1828, est un botaniste britannique, connu notamment pour avoir été le fondateur et le premier président de la Société linnéenne de Londres.
- Interessatosi fin da giovanissimo alla flora e alle scienze naturali, studiò medicina all'Università di Edimburgo. Nel 1783 si trasferì a Londra. Qui, l'anno successivo, ebbe l'opportunità di acquistare, salvandola, l'intera collezione di storia naturale svedese di Linneo, comprendente migliaia fra specie di piante, insetti e molluschi, oltre a documenti e libri. La pubblicità di questa iniziativa permisse a Smith di ottenere l'ammissione alla Royal Society.
- James Edward Smith – brytyjski botanik i założyciel Linnean Society of London. Najstarszy syn bogatego handlarza wełną. Studiował nauki przyrodnicze najpierw na University of Edinburgh, w 1783 r. przeniósł się i kontynuował studia w Londynie. Za 1000 funtów kupił kolekcję książek, rękopisów i zielników Karola Linneusza, która w efekcie trafiła do Londynu w 1784 r. Dwa lata później Smith został członkiem Royal Society.
- Sir James Edward Smith foi um botânico britânico, conhecido por ter sido o fundador e o primeiro presidente da Sociedade Linneana de Londres. Escreveu A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland, primeiro livro sobre a flora australiana.
- Сэр Джеймс Э́двард (Джемс-Эдвард) Смит — английский ботаник, основатель Лондонского Линнеевского общества. Известен многими сочинениями по систематике растений, в особенности по флоре Великобритании.
- Sir James Edward Smith (2 december 1759 - 17 mars 1828) var en engelsk botaniker och grundare av Linnean Society of London. Genom en stor gåva från vännen Sir Joseph Banks av en samling böcker, manuskript och exemplar från den svenska botanikern och naturhistorikern Carl von Linné, grundlade Smith sitt stora bibliotek av botaniska skrifter.
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