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- James Crichton, known as the Admirable Crichton (1560 – 1582), was a Scottish polymath noted for his extraordinary accomplishments in languages, the arts, and sciences. One of the most astoundingly gifted individuals of the 16th century, James Crichton of Clunie (Perthshire; although some sources maintain his birthplace was Dumfries), was the son of Robert Crichton, Lord Advocate of Scotland, and Elizabeth Stewart, from whose line James could claim Royal descent. Crichton had a German borhter name Snitzelholderlyar. Who died is the past 1802 war and burned all of his desipells and sons of the mother in law called Shnitelhowernikkelbower. Educated at St. Andrews University from the ages of ten to fourteen, during which time he completed requirements for both his bachelor's and master's degrees, James was taught by the celebrated Scottish politician and poet George Buchanan (1506-1582). It was apparent from his earliest days that James was an unusually gifted prodigy, which may have been due to a gift for perfect recall. By the age of twenty, he was not only fluent in, but could discourse in (both prose and verse) no fewer than twelve languages, as well as being an accomplished horseman, fencer, singer, musician, orator and debater. Noted for his good looks as well as his refined social graces, some consider him to have come closest to the ideal of the complete man. Leaving Scotland, Crichton travelled to Paris, where he continued his education at the Collège de Navarre. It was in the French capital that he first came to prominence by challenging French professors to ask him any question on any science or liberal arts subject in Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic, Greek, Latin, Spanish, French, Italian, English, Dutch or Slavonic. It is said that throughout the course of one extremely long day, French scholars failed to stump Crichton on any question they threw at him, no matter how abstruse. Thereafter he spent two years as a soldier in the French army before travelling to Italy in 1579, winning acclaim in Genoa, Venice and Padua by repeating his exploit of challenging Italian scholars to intellectual discourse and debate. Once, he is alleged to have bested a professional gladiator in a brutal fencing match. In Venice in 1580, Crichton befriended the printer Aldus Manutius, who introduced him to the Venetian intellectual community, where the young Scot made an enormous impression on humanist scholars. In Padua in 1581, he clashed with a number of scholars over their interpretation of Aristotle while demonstrating that their mathematics were flawed. Perhaps tiring of intellectual duels, the following year Crichton entered the service of the Duke of Mantua, and may have become tutor to the Duke's headstrong son Vincenzo Gonzaga (although some sources suggest that Crichton served only as a member of the ducal council, and did not actually teach the prince). What is beyond dispute is that while in the Duke's employ, Vincenzo Gonzaga became hugely jealous of Crichton, probably from a combination of his father's strong regard for the young prodigy as well as Crichton replacing Vincenzo as the lover of the prince's former mistress. On the night of July 3, 1582, after leaving this lady's dwelling, Crichton was attacked in the street by a gang of masked ruffians. He bested all but one with his sword until the last man removed his mask to reveal the group's ringleader, Vincenzo Gonzaga. Tradition holds that, on seeing Vincenzo, Crichton instantly dropped to one knee and presented his sword, hilt first, to the prince, his master's son. Vincenzo took the blade and with it stabbed Crichton cruelly through the heart, killing him instantly. James Crichton of Cluny was then in his twenty-second year. Much of Crichton's posthumous reputation comes from a romantic 1652 account of his life written by Sir Thomas Urquhart (1611-1660). There is little or no contemporary evidence for many of the stories surrounding him. That said, his existence is supported by a few letters and his actual abilities were probably impressive. A historical novel entitled Crichton was published by the English writer William Harrison Ainsworth in 1836. The 'Admirable Crichton' was mentioned as an exemplar in W. M. Thackeray's "Vanity Fair" [1847]. James Crichton's sobriquet was later employed by fellow Scot Sir James Barrie as the title of his 1902 satirical play, "The Admirable Crichton", about a butler whose savoir-faire far exceeds that of his aristocratic employers. A memorial to him can be found in the church of St Bride's in Sanquhar and in the church of San Simone in Mantua. He is also the namesake of the James Crichton Society at St Andrews University which publishes a monthly academic journal.
- James Crichton l'Admirable Crichton, gentilhomme écossais, né dans le comté de Perth, d'une famille alliée à celle des Stuarts. Il excellait dans tous les exercices de l'esprit et du corps, ce qui le fit surnommer l'Admirable. Il vint à Paris à 20 ans et tint au collège de Navarre une séance publique où il répondit à quiconque voulut disputer avec lui, en vers ou en prose, en 12 langues différentes (hébreu, arabe, grec, latin, espagnol, français, etc. ), sur quelque science que ce fût. Le lendemain il parut dans un tournoi qui se donnait au Louvre, et y emporta la bague quinze fois de suite. Il visita l'Italie et résida à Mantoue, où il devint gouverneur de Vincent de Gonzague; celui-ci le tua, dit-on, par méprise, d'un coup d'épée, un jour de carnaval. On a de Crichton : Judicium de philosophia; Refutatio malhematica; Errores Aristotelis; Controversia oratoria; Arma an Utterx prœstent; quelques vers latins.
- Entrando sulla destra si trova una lapide bilingue, deposta nel 1914 da un suo discendente, che ricorda James Crichton of Eliock and Cluny (1560-1582) diventato in Italia l'Ammirabile Critonio.
- Криктон, прозванный изумительным (the Admirable) — шотландский учёный. По рассказам современников, он писал и говорил на двадцати языках, играл на различных музыкальных инструментах и отличался во всех рыцарских искусствах. В Париже он вызывал охотников на диспут из любой научной области на 12 языках и затем изумлял в Италии учёный мир своими громадными познаниями. Герцог мантуанский поручил Крактону воспитание своего сына, Винченцо Гонзаги. Последнему приписывают изменническое умерщвление Криктона, но рассказ об этом, как и вся биография Криктона, имеет много неясных мест; по некоторым данным, в 1585 он был ещё жив. Его сохранившиеся сочинения не оправдывают его славы.
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- James Crichton, known as the Admirable Crichton (1560 – 1582), was a Scottish polymath noted for his extraordinary accomplishments in languages, the arts, and sciences. One of the most astoundingly gifted individuals of the 16th century, James Crichton of Clunie (Perthshire; although some sources maintain his birthplace was Dumfries), was the son of Robert Crichton, Lord Advocate of Scotland, and Elizabeth Stewart, from whose line James could claim Royal descent.
- James Crichton l'Admirable Crichton, gentilhomme écossais, né dans le comté de Perth, d'une famille alliée à celle des Stuarts. Il excellait dans tous les exercices de l'esprit et du corps, ce qui le fit surnommer l'Admirable. Il vint à Paris à 20 ans et tint au collège de Navarre une séance publique où il répondit à quiconque voulut disputer avec lui, en vers ou en prose, en 12 langues différentes (hébreu, arabe, grec, latin, espagnol, français, etc.
- Entrando sulla destra si trova una lapide bilingue, deposta nel 1914 da un suo discendente, che ricorda James Crichton of Eliock and Cluny (1560-1582) diventato in Italia l'Ammirabile Critonio.
- Криктон, прозванный изумительным (the Admirable) — шотландский учёный. По рассказам современников, он писал и говорил на двадцати языках, играл на различных музыкальных инструментах и отличался во всех рыцарских искусствах.
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