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- Idel-Ural literally means "Volga-Ural" in Tatar. Historically it refers to a short-lived Tatar republic with its centre in Kazan which united Tatars, Bashkirs and the Chuvash in the turmoil of the Russian Civil War. Often viewed as an attempt to recreate the Khanate of Kazan, the republic was proclaimed on December 12, 1917, by a Congress of Muslims from Russia's interior and Siberia. On May 5, 1917 more than 800 non-Russian delegates representing Maris, Chuvashes, Udmurts, Mordvans (Mokshas and Erzyas), Komis, Komi-Permyaks, Kalmyks and Tatars held a general meeting in Kazan to create an independent Idel-Ural Republic in the Idel-Ural area in Russia. As a first concrete step, it was decided to create four professorships and two researchers' posts at Kazan University . The main idea was a loose League of Small Nations where all were free to strengthen their own cultural heritage. At first the Muslim Bashkirs declined to participate, but later in 1917 they and the Volga Germans joined the League of Idel-Ural. Initially it comprised only Tatars and Bashkirs in the former Kazan and Ufa governorates, although other, non-Muslim and non-Turkic, nations of the area joined in a few months later: the Komi peoples, Mari, and Udmurts, who speak Finnic languages and practise either Orthodox Christianity or shamanism. Defeated by the Red Army in April 1918, the republic was restored by the Czech Legion in the same July and the Bolsheviks managed finally to dissolve at the end of the year. This led to open revolt in 1919-1920 and even after the revolt was smashed by the Bolsheviks in 1921, the idea of the Idel-Ural State continued to exist clandestinely until 1929. That year the Cheka finally managed to infiltrate the Idel-Ural movement and smashed the leadership. Several thousand Idel-Ural supporters were executed all over the Volga and Ural minority-settled regions. The president of Idel-Ural, Sadrí Maqsudí Arsal, escaped to Finland in 1918. He was well-received by the Finnish foreign minister, who remembered his valiant defences of the national self-determination and constitutional rights of Finland in the Russian Duma. The president-in-exile also met officials from Estonia before continuing in 1919 to Sweden, Germany and France, in a quest for Western support. Present-day Tatar nationalists rely on the historic precedent of an independent Idel-Ural to justify the re-establishment of a Turkic state independent of the Russian Federation.
- Idel-Ural oli lyhytikäinen valtio, joka syntyi Euroopan itäreunalle Volgan ja Etelä-Uralin alueelle Venäjän vuoden 1917 vallankumouksen jälkeen. Idel-Uralin pääkaupunki oli Kazan. Venäjän muslimien kongressi julisti Idel-Uralin tasavallan itsenäiseksi 12. joulukuuta 1917. Tätä on usein pidetty yrityksenä elvyttää historiallinen Kazanin kaanikunta. Tasavallan alue käsitti aluksi Volgan tataarien ja baškiirien asuinalueet Kazanin ja Ufan kuvernementeista. Muutamia kuukausia myöhemmin valtioon liittyi myös muita alueen kansoja, kuten marit, tšuvassit ja udmurtit. Tasavallan pääuskontona oli aluksi islam, mutta alueen laajentuessa siihen tuli kuulumaan myös ortodoksisuutta ja šamanismia harjoittavia kansoja. Puna-armeija valloitti tasavallan huhtikuussa 1918, mutta tšekkilegioona vapautti sen saman vuoden heinäkuussa. Lopullisesti alue joutui Neuvosto-Venäjän vallan alle vuoden 1918 loppuun mennessä. Idel-Uralin presidentti, Sadrí Maqsudí Arsal, pakeni Suomeen vuonna 1918. Hän sai hyvän vastaanoton Suomen ulkoministeriltä, joka muisti hänen toimensa kansallisen itsemäärämisoikeuden ja Suomen perustuslaillisten oikeuksien puolustamiseksi Venäjän duumassa. Maanpaossa ollut presidentti tapasi myös Viron johtoa, ennen kuin vuonna 1919 jatkoi matkaansa Ruotsiin, Saksaan ja Ranskaan, hakien länsimaiden tukea Idel-Uralille. Nykyisin termiä Idel-Ural käytetään itsenäisyydestä haaveilevien tataarien keskuudessa.
- La Repubblica dell'Idel-Ural fu una delle Repubbliche nate con lo scioglimento dell'Impero russo in seguito alla rivoluzione d'ottobre. Il nome Idel-Ural significa Volga-Urali in lingua tatara. Comprendeva le regioni del Bashkortostan, Chuvashia, Mari El, Mordovia, Tatarstan, Udmurtia, di lingua tatara. Si considerava l'erede del Khanato di Kazan. Fu proclamata il 2 dicembre 1917 durante il Congresso dei musulmani di Russia e Siberia. Già il 5 maggio all'università di Kazan una rappresentanza delle popolazioni tartare aveva dichiarato l'intento di creare uno Stato tartaro indipendente. Ad essa si unirono successivamente anche i tedeschi del Volga e le popolazioni ugro finniche circostanti non musulmane. Abolita dall'Armata Rossa nell'aprile 1918 che la rifondò come RSS Transbolaqia, la Repubblica fu restaurata in luglio con l'aiuto della Legione Ceca antibolscevica, per essere definitivamente eliminata il 22 dicembre dalle truppe bianche di Aleksandr Vasil'evič Kolčak durante la rivolta di Omsk. Alla fine del 1919 i bolscevichi vi crearono la RSSA Tatara, ma le popolazioni continuarono una lotta clandestina fino al 1929, ed ebbe un governo in esilio in Finlandia, che durante la seconda guerra mondiale appoggiò l'invasione tedesca con la Wolgatatarische Legion. La capitale fu Kazan.
- Idel-Ural - państwo historyczne w Europie, powstałe podczas rosyjskiej wojny domowej. Powstanie republiki ogłoszono 12 grudnia 1917. Jej stolicą został Kazań. Republikę zamieszkiwali Tatarzy, Baszkirzy i Czuwasze. Kilka miesięcy później do republiki dołączyły terytoria zamieszkane przez Udmurców, Komiaków i Maryjczyków. Republikę zlikwidowały oddziały Armii Czerwonej w kwietniu 1918, jednak w lipcu wyswobodziły ją oddziały zagranicznych interwentów. Pod koniec 1918 została ponownie zlikwidowana przez Armię Czerwoną. Jedynym prezydentem Republiki Idel-Ural był Sadrí Maqsudí Arsal.
- Statul Idel-Ural a fost o republică musulmană efemeră cu capitala la Kazan, care i-a unit pe tătari, başchiri şi ciuvaşi în perioada tulbure a războiului civil rus. Considerată de istorici ca o tentativă de recreare a Hanatului Kazanului, republica a fost proclamată pe 12 decembrie 1917 de Congresul Musulmanilor din Rusia şi Siberia. La început, a cuprins numai teritoriile locuite de tătarii şi başkirii din fostele gubernii Kazan şi Ufa, dar după câteva luni li s-au alăturat teritoriile locuite de populaţii nemusulmane sau neturcice: komii şi udmurţii, vorbitori de limbi fino-ugrice şi au ca religii creştinismul-ortodox sau şamanismul. După ce a fost desfiinţată de intervenţia Armatei Roşii în aprilie 1918, republica a fost reînfiinţată de legiunea cehă în luna iulie, pentru a fi definitiv dizolvată la sfârşitul aceluiaşi an. Preşedintele Statului Idel-Ural, Sadrí Maqsudí Arsal, a reuşit să fugă în Finlanda în 1918. El a fost bine primit de ministrul de externe finlandez, care şi-a amintit de lupta plină de curaj a finlandezilor în Duma Rusă pentru autodeterminarea naţională şi pentru drepturi constituţionale. Preşedintele în exil s-a mai întâlnit cu oficiali din Estonia, după care a vizitat Suedia, Germania şi Franţa în 1919, în căutarea sprijinului occidental. În zilele noastre, amintirea statului efemer Idel-Ural este utilizat de naţionaliştii tătari ca bază ideologică pentru crearea unui stat independent al popoarelor turcice din Federaţia Rusă.
- Файл:Idel-ural. png Флаг государства Идель-Урал (по книге Гаяза Исхаки «Идель-Урал», 1933) Урало-Волжский штат (Штат Идель-Урал, тат. Идел-Урал штаты, İdel-Ural ştatı) — существовавшее в 1918 г. в Поволжье национальное государство татар и башкир.
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- Idel-Ural literally means "Volga-Ural" in Tatar. Historically it refers to a short-lived Tatar republic with its centre in Kazan which united Tatars, Bashkirs and the Chuvash in the turmoil of the Russian Civil War. Often viewed as an attempt to recreate the Khanate of Kazan, the republic was proclaimed on December 12, 1917, by a Congress of Muslims from Russia's interior and Siberia.
- Idel-Ural oli lyhytikäinen valtio, joka syntyi Euroopan itäreunalle Volgan ja Etelä-Uralin alueelle Venäjän vuoden 1917 vallankumouksen jälkeen. Idel-Uralin pääkaupunki oli Kazan. Venäjän muslimien kongressi julisti Idel-Uralin tasavallan itsenäiseksi 12. joulukuuta 1917. Tätä on usein pidetty yrityksenä elvyttää historiallinen Kazanin kaanikunta. Tasavallan alue käsitti aluksi Volgan tataarien ja baškiirien asuinalueet Kazanin ja Ufan kuvernementeista.
- La Repubblica dell'Idel-Ural fu una delle Repubbliche nate con lo scioglimento dell'Impero russo in seguito alla rivoluzione d'ottobre. Il nome Idel-Ural significa Volga-Urali in lingua tatara. Comprendeva le regioni del Bashkortostan, Chuvashia, Mari El, Mordovia, Tatarstan, Udmurtia, di lingua tatara. Si considerava l'erede del Khanato di Kazan. Fu proclamata il 2 dicembre 1917 durante il Congresso dei musulmani di Russia e Siberia.
- Idel-Ural - państwo historyczne w Europie, powstałe podczas rosyjskiej wojny domowej. Powstanie republiki ogłoszono 12 grudnia 1917. Jej stolicą został Kazań. Republikę zamieszkiwali Tatarzy, Baszkirzy i Czuwasze. Kilka miesięcy później do republiki dołączyły terytoria zamieszkane przez Udmurców, Komiaków i Maryjczyków. Republikę zlikwidowały oddziały Armii Czerwonej w kwietniu 1918, jednak w lipcu wyswobodziły ją oddziały zagranicznych interwentów.
- Statul Idel-Ural a fost o republică musulmană efemeră cu capitala la Kazan, care i-a unit pe tătari, başchiri şi ciuvaşi în perioada tulbure a războiului civil rus. Considerată de istorici ca o tentativă de recreare a Hanatului Kazanului, republica a fost proclamată pe 12 decembrie 1917 de Congresul Musulmanilor din Rusia şi Siberia.
- Файл:Idel-ural. png Флаг государства Идель-Урал (по книге Гаяза Исхаки «Идель-Урал», 1933) Урало-Волжский штат (Штат Идель-Урал, тат. Идел-Урал штаты, İdel-Ural ştatı) — существовавшее в 1918 г. в Поволжье национальное государство татар и башкир.
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