I, the Supreme (orig. Spanish Yo el supremo) is a historical novel written by exiled Paraguayan author Augusto Roa Bastos. It is a fictionalized account of the nineteenth-century Paraguayan dictator José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, who was also known as "Dr. Francia. " The book's title derives from the fact that Francia referred to himself as "El Supremo" or "the Supreme. " The first in a long line of dictators, the Supreme was a severe, calculating despot.
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- 1974-01-01 00:00:00 (xsd:date)
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- I, the Supreme (orig. Spanish Yo el supremo) is a historical novel written by exiled Paraguayan author Augusto Roa Bastos. It is a fictionalized account of the nineteenth-century Paraguayan dictator José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, who was also known as "Dr. Francia. " The book's title derives from the fact that Francia referred to himself as "El Supremo" or "the Supreme. " The first in a long line of dictators, the Supreme was a severe, calculating despot. The central themes of the novel are power and language and the relation between the two. The Supreme believes himself to be above all power and history: "I don't write history. I make it. I can remake it as I please, adjusting, stressing, enriching its meaning and truth. " Yet this assertion is constantly challenged by the very fact that while he achieves power by means of writing and dictating, these very same methods can be used by others to dispute his authority. Not even his own identity, represented by the personal pronoun I, is safe and can easily be usurped as is demonstrated by the incident of the pasquinade. Language, as powerful as it is, can never be controlled and can just as easily be used as an instrument of coercion as an instrument of resistance. During the time the book was written, Paraguay was under the dictatorship of Alfredo Stroessner, who went on to rule the country even longer than Francia did. Many consider the book to be at least in part a thinly disguised attack on Stroessner who used methods similar to Francia’s to achieve and maintain the effective control of the country, including the swift elimination of opposition, the employment of torture and intolerance of dissent. In its portrayal of Francia and criticism of Stroessner, I, the Supreme belongs to the genre of novelas de dictadores or dictator novels, and also to the Latin American Boom, a literary movement of the 1960s and 1970s. The book was first published in Spanish in 1974, and in English in 1986. Like many other works of the Latin American boom, the book never became an international best-seller. It was, however, highly regarded by critics with Gerald Martin claiming that it was, "an exceptional cultural phenomenon. " Martin goes on to suggest that it was "more immediately and unanimously acclaimed than any novel since One Hundred Years of Solitude, [and its] strictly historical importance [may] be even greater than that of García Márquez's fabulously successful creation. " The book's handling of the themes of power and language was also praised. Still, the novel was not well received by Stroessner’s government and Roa Bastos become "one of the three citizens forbidden to return" to Paraguay as a result.
- Yo el Supremo, obra cumbre del escritor paraguayo Augusto Roa Bastos. Fue publicada en 1974 cuando Roa Bastos vivía en el exilio. Es considerada una de las obras cumbres de la literatura en español. Destaca especialmente por su construcción literaria y el juego morfológico-sintaxico que posee, además de la utilización matizada de elementos históricos-ficticios para el desarrollo de la narración, que a la vez se caracteriza por desenvolverse en una sola voz protagónica que a la vez habla como muchas otras y que no son más que las visiones y puntos de vista históricos del mismo autor. De allí que cuando Roa habla de 'Yo el Supremo' se refiere simplemente a él mismo, en la cabeza del dictador. Como El Supremo, era conocido el abogado, revolucionario y Dictador Perpetuo de la República del Paraguay, Dr. José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, gobernándolo en Triunvirato primero (1811), en Consulado luego (1813), y como magistratura unipersonal desde 1816 hasta su muerte acaecida en 1840 En esta obra, se saca a relucir todo el aspecto negativo del mandato de Dr. Francia. Esta obra, es una obra demandante, pues en ella resalta la injusticia y la dureza del Dr. José G. Rodriguez de Francia. Augusto Roa Bastos plasmó en Yo el Supremo una lúcida reseña histórica a la vida política del que fuera el Dictador Supremo paraguayo a lo largo de 26 años: José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia. Su obra es un claro ataque al autoritarismo y una crítica al poder. Es un ataque a la represión que se vivió en el país por 26 años y es una visión equilibrada que se basa en el uso de la prosa y la palabrería para relatar la historia del doctor Francia desde la perspectiva de las víctimas de su régimen. Todo esto recorrido a lo largo de las anotaciones recabadas en su Cuaderno Privado. La obra es una exquisita narración que recaba a lo largo de sus páginas el mundo irreal bajo el que vivió José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia. Un mundo en el cual su poder dual aisló a la naciente república de las libertades y que a la vez acabó con toda una población criolla y peninsular. Su Termidor fue siempre atacado por Roa Bastos y esta novela histórica latinoamericana partió de hechos históricos convertidos en una de las más importantes relaciones históricas del Paraguay post-independencia.
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- The cover of the first US edition of the novel's translation, published by Alfred A. Knopf.
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- I, the Supreme (orig. Spanish Yo el supremo) is a historical novel written by exiled Paraguayan author Augusto Roa Bastos. It is a fictionalized account of the nineteenth-century Paraguayan dictator José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, who was also known as "Dr. Francia. " The book's title derives from the fact that Francia referred to himself as "El Supremo" or "the Supreme. " The first in a long line of dictators, the Supreme was a severe, calculating despot.
- Yo el Supremo, obra cumbre del escritor paraguayo Augusto Roa Bastos. Fue publicada en 1974 cuando Roa Bastos vivía en el exilio. Es considerada una de las obras cumbres de la literatura en español.
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- I, the Supreme
- Yo el Supremo
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