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- The History of the Catholic Church is traced by the Church back to apostolic times and thus covers a period of nearly 2,000 years, making it one of the world's oldest institutions. The history of the Church is an integral part of the History of Christianity and the history of Western civilization. Catholics consider the Catholic Church to have been founded by Jesus Christ, its spiritual head. Catholic doctrine asserts that it is the continuation of the Church that was founded at the Confession of Peter. It interprets the Confession of Peter as Christ's designation of Apostle Peter and his successors in Rome to be the temporal head of his Church. Thus, it asserts that the Bishop of Rome has the sole legitimate claim to Petrine authority and the primacy due to the Roman Pontiff. The Catholic Church claims legitimacy of its bishops and priests via the doctrine of apostolic succession and authority of the Pope via the unbroken line of popes, successors to Simon Peter. The authority of the Apostle Peter and his successors is thus viewed as a continuous history from Jesus Christ. The institution of the papacy as it exists today developed through the centuries. Church tradition records that Peter became the first leader of Christians in the Imperial capital of Rome. The apostles and many Christians traveled to northern Africa, Asia Minor, Arabia, Greece, and Rome to found the first Christian communities. Christianity spread quickly through the Roman Empire, and by the second century there were many established bishoprics within the Empire including Northern Africa, France, Italy, Syria, and Asia Minor, and twenty bishoprics outside the empire, mainly in Armenia. Irenaeus (d. 202) defended the apostolic tradition. In 313, the struggles of the early Church were lessened by the legalisation of Christianity by the Emperor Constantine I. In 383, Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire by the decree of the Emperor, which would persist until the fall of the Western Empire, and later, with the Eastern Roman Empire, until the capture of Constantinople. At this time there were considered five primary sees according to Eusebius: Rome, Constantinople, Antioch, Jerusalem and Alexandria. After the destruction of the western Roman Empire, the church in the West was a major factor in the preservation of classical civilization, establishing monasteries, and sending missionaries to convert the peoples of northern Europe, as far as Ireland in the north. In the East, the Byzantine Empire preserved Catholicism, until the massive invasions of Islam in the mid-seventh century. The invasions of Islam devastated three of the five patriarchal sees, capturing Jerusalem first, then Alexandria, and then finally in the mid-eighth century, Antioch. The whole period of the next five centuries was dominated by the struggle between Christianity and Islam throughout the Mediterranean. The battles of Poitiers, and Toulouse preserved the Catholic west, even though Rome itself was ravaged in 850, and Constantinople besieged. In the 11th century, already strained relations between the primarily Greek church in the East, and the Latin church in the West, developed into a schism, partially due to conflicts over papal authority. The fourth crusade, and the sacking of Constantinople by renegade crusaders proved the final breach. In the 16th century, in response to the Protestant Reformation, the Church engaged in a process of substantial reform and renewal, known as the Counter-Reformation. In subsequent centuries, Catholicism spread widely across the world despite experiencing a reduction in its hold on European populations due to the growth of religious scepticism during and after the Enlightenment. The Second Vatican Council in the 1960s introduced the most significant changes to Catholic practices since the Council of Trent three centuries before.
- Die römisch-katholische Kirche versteht sich gemeinsam mit der Orthodoxen Kirche als die Kirche Jesu Christi in ungebrochener geschichtlicher Kontinuität seit dem Pfingsttag. Ihr Bischofsamt führt sie, ebenso wie die orthodoxe, anglikanische und altkatholische Kirche über eine nie unterbrochene „Reihe der Handauflegungen“ – Apostolische Sukzession – auf die Apostel zurück.
- La història de l'Església Catòlica cobreix els orígens i evolució del catolicisme des dels temps de Jesús de Natzaret fins a l'època contemporània.
- Katolisen kirkon historia eli katolisen kirkon ympärille rakentuva historia ulottuu liki kahden tuhannen vuoden taakse alkukirkon aikoihin. Seuraavina vuosisatoina kristikunnassa käytännössä vallitsi jonkin asteinen jako idän ja lännen kristillisyyden välillä, mutta vasta 1054 kristityt jakaantuivat katolilaisiin ja idän ortodokseihin. Katolinen kirkko on historiansa aikana ollut voimakas mahtitekijä varsinkin Euroopassa. Sen historiaan liittyy läheisesti myös paaviuden historia, ja voimakkaiden paavien johtamana kirkko on historiansa aikana osallistunut tai ollut aloittajana useissa merkittävissä tapahtumissa. Esimerkiksi ristiretket, inkvisitio ja uskonpuhdistus liittyvät läheisesti katoliseen kirkkoon. Nykypäivänä katolinen kirkko on kristillisistä kirkkokunnista suurin. Sen yli miljardi kannattajaa muodostaa lähes seitsemäntoista prosenttia koko maailman väkiluvusta. Katolisella kirkolla on yhä maailmanlaajuisesti huomattavaa moraalista valtaa.
- L'histoire de l’Église catholique peut être articulée sur quelques périodes charnières où se modifie la manière dont elle entend accomplir sa mission : La Pentecôte, la conversion de Constantin, la réforme grégorienne, le conflit entre Boniface VIII et Philippe le Bel, le concile de Trente et enfin le pontificat de Léon XIII.
- A história da Igreja Católica cobre um período de aproximadamente dois mil anos, e relata os eventos de uma das mais antigas instituições religiosas em atividade, influindo no mundo em aspectos espirituais, religiosos, morais, políticos e sócio-culturais. A história da Igreja Católica é integrante à História do Cristianismo e a história da civilização ocidental.. A Igreja Católica acredita que ela "está na História, mas ao mesmo tempo transcende. É unicamente "com os olhos da Fé" que se pode enxergar em sua realidade visível, ao mesmo tempo,uma realidade espiritual, portadora de vida divina"..
- История Римско-католической церкви: Римско-католическая Церковь рассматривает всю историю христианской Церкви до Великого Раскола 1054 года как свою историю. Согласно доктрине католической Церкви, Католическая (Вселенская Церковь) была «прообразно возвещена уже от начала мира, дивно предуготовленная в истории народа Изральского и Ветхом Завете, наконец, в эти времена последние основана, явилась через излияние Духа Святого и будет завершена во славе в конце времён». Так же, как Ева была сотворена из ребра уснувшего Адама, Церковь родилась из пронзённого сердца Христа, умершего на Кресте .
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- The History of the Catholic Church is traced by the Church back to apostolic times and thus covers a period of nearly 2,000 years, making it one of the world's oldest institutions. The history of the Church is an integral part of the History of Christianity and the history of Western civilization. Catholics consider the Catholic Church to have been founded by Jesus Christ, its spiritual head.
- Die römisch-katholische Kirche versteht sich gemeinsam mit der Orthodoxen Kirche als die Kirche Jesu Christi in ungebrochener geschichtlicher Kontinuität seit dem Pfingsttag. Ihr Bischofsamt führt sie, ebenso wie die orthodoxe, anglikanische und altkatholische Kirche über eine nie unterbrochene „Reihe der Handauflegungen“ – Apostolische Sukzession – auf die Apostel zurück.
- La història de l'Església Catòlica cobreix els orígens i evolució del catolicisme des dels temps de Jesús de Natzaret fins a l'època contemporània.
- Katolisen kirkon historia eli katolisen kirkon ympärille rakentuva historia ulottuu liki kahden tuhannen vuoden taakse alkukirkon aikoihin. Seuraavina vuosisatoina kristikunnassa käytännössä vallitsi jonkin asteinen jako idän ja lännen kristillisyyden välillä, mutta vasta 1054 kristityt jakaantuivat katolilaisiin ja idän ortodokseihin. Katolinen kirkko on historiansa aikana ollut voimakas mahtitekijä varsinkin Euroopassa.
- L'histoire de l’Église catholique peut être articulée sur quelques périodes charnières où se modifie la manière dont elle entend accomplir sa mission : La Pentecôte, la conversion de Constantin, la réforme grégorienne, le conflit entre Boniface VIII et Philippe le Bel, le concile de Trente et enfin le pontificat de Léon XIII.
- A história da Igreja Católica cobre um período de aproximadamente dois mil anos, e relata os eventos de uma das mais antigas instituições religiosas em atividade, influindo no mundo em aspectos espirituais, religiosos, morais, políticos e sócio-culturais. A história da Igreja Católica é integrante à História do Cristianismo e a história da civilização ocidental.. A Igreja Católica acredita que ela "está na História, mas ao mesmo tempo transcende.
- История Римско-католической церкви: Римско-католическая Церковь рассматривает всю историю христианской Церкви до Великого Раскола 1054 года как свою историю.
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