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- The history of artificial intelligence began in antiquity. There have always been myths, stories and rumors of artificial beings endowed with intelligence or consciousness by master craftsmen. Independently, philosophers (beginning as early as Aristotle) have attempted to describe the process of human thinking as the mechanical manipulation of symbols. This work culminated in the invention of the progammable digital computer in the 1940s, a machine based on the abstract essence of mathematical reasoning. This device and the ideas behind it inspired a handful of scientists to begin seriously discussing the possibility of building an electronic brain. The field of artificial intelligence research was founded at a conference on the campus of Dartmouth College in the summer of 1956. Those who attended would become the leaders of AI research for decades. Many of them predicted that a machine as intelligent as a human being would exist in no more than a generation and they were given millions of dollars to make this vision come true. Eventually it became obvious that they had grossly underestimated the difficulty of the project. In 1973, in response to the criticism of Sir James Lighthill and ongoing pressure from congress, the U.S. and British Governments stopped funding undirected research into artificial intelligence. Seven years later, a visionary initiative by the Japanese Government inspired governments and industry to provide AI with billions of dollars, but by the late 80s the investors became disillusioned and withdrew funding again. This cycle of boom and bust, of "AI winters" and summers, continues to haunt the field. Undaunted, there are those who make extraordinary predictions even now.
- La inteligencia artificial surge definitivamente a partir de algunos trabajos publicados en la década de 1940 que no tuvieron gran repercusión, pero a partir de el influyente trabajo en 1950 de Alan Turing, matemático británico, se abre una nueva disciplina de las ciencias de la información. Si bien las ideas fundamentales se remontan a la lógica y algoritmos de los griegos, y a las matemáticas de los árabes, varios siglos antes de Cristo, el concepto de obtener razonamiento artificial aparece en el siglo XIV. A finales del siglo XIX se obtienen lógicas formales suficientemente poderosas y a mediados del siglo XX, se obtienen máquinas capaces de hacer uso de tales lógicas y algoritmos de solución.
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