The History of Gaza spans 4,000 years during which it was ruled and populated by various dynasties, empires, and peoples. Originally a Canaanite settlement, it fell under the control of the Ancient Egyptians for roughly 350 years before being conquered by the Philistines, who made it one of the principal cities of their pentapolis in the 12th century BCE. Gaza fell under the domain of the Assyrian empire in 730 BCE, and subsequently, that of the Persian Sassanid Dynasty.

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  • The History of Gaza spans 4,000 years during which it was ruled and populated by various dynasties, empires, and peoples. Originally a Canaanite settlement, it fell under the control of the Ancient Egyptians for roughly 350 years before being conquered by the Philistines, who made it one of the principal cities of their pentapolis in the 12th century BCE. Gaza fell under the domain of the Assyrian empire in 730 BCE, and subsequently, that of the Persian Sassanid Dynasty. Alexander the Great besieged the city for five months before finally capturing it in 332 BCE. Most of the inhabitants were killed during the assault, and the city, which became a center for Hellenistic learning and philosophy, was resettled by nearby Bedouin Arabs. The city was again besieged by the Hasmoneans in 96 BCE. After its incorporation into the Roman Empire in 63 BCE, Gaza was rebuilt under the command of Pompey Magnus, and granted to Herod the Great thirty years later. Throughout the Roman period, Gaza maintained its prosperity, receiving grants from several different emperors. A 500-member senate governed the city, and a diverse array of Philistines, Greeks, Romans, Canaanites, Phoenicians, Jews, Egyptians, Persians and Arabs populated the city. Conversion to Christianity in the city was spearheaded and completed under Saint Porphyrius, who destroyed its eight pagan temples between 396 and 420 CE. Gaza was the first city in Palestine to be conquered by the Arab Rashidun Caliphate in 635 CE. The arrival of the Muslim rulers brought drastic changes, as its churches were transformed into mosques, the population swiftly adopted Islam as their religion, and Arabic became the official language. Under the Arab Muslims, the city went through periods of prosperity and decline. The Crusaders wrested control of Gaza from the Fatimids in 1100, and ruled until 1187, when the city was conquered by Saladin and the Ayyubids. Gaza was in Mamluk hands by the late 13th century, and became the capital of a province that stretched from the Sinai Peninsula to Caesarea. By the time of its incorporation into the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century, it was but a small village. The Ottomans charged the Ridwan family with governance over the city in the early 16th century. In 1660, under Husayn Pasha, Gaza went through another "golden age" and was proclaimed the capital of Palestine. From the early 1800s, Gaza was culturally dominated by neighboring Egypt and Muhammad Ali of Egypt conquered it in 1832. His brief rule ended in 1840, after the Ottomans defeated his forces outside the city. In 1917, the forces of the Triple Entente captured the city after a third battle against the Ottoman forces there. The 20th century began in Gaza with two destructive earthquakes in 1903 and 1914. The city also expanded in the first half of this century under the rule of the British Mandate in Palestine, and as part of the 1947 United Nations Partition Plan, Gaza was assigned to the Arab state. As a result of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, it was held and administered by Egypt, until the 1967 Six-Day War when it was occupied by Israel. Gaza was a center of political resistance in the First Intifada, and under the Oslo Accords of 1993, it was assigned to be under the direct control of the newly-established Palestinian National Authority. In 2007, Hamas emerged as the victor in Palestinian factional fighting with Fatah in the city and in the wider Gaza Strip and has since been the sole governing authority there. Israel has blockaded the Strip ever since and launched an assault in 2008-2009, which it characterized as a response to Qassam rocket attacks. The bombardment and ground assault left over 1,300 people dead in the territory, and destroyed over 4,000 buildings.
  • La historia de Gaza abarca 4.000 años durante los cuales esta ciudad fue gobernada y habitada por varias dinastías, imperios y pueblos. Originalmente un asentamiento cananeo, cayó bajo control de los antiguos egipcios por unos 350 años antes de ser conquistada por los filisteos, quienes la convirtieron en una de las ciudades principales de su pentápolis en el siglo XII a. C. Gaza cayó bajo dominio del Imperio asirio en 730 a. C. y, subsecuentemente, de la dinastía sasánida persa. Alejandro Magno sitió la ciudad por cinco meses antes de capturarla finalmente en 332 a. C. La mayor parte de sus habitantes fue asesinada durante el asalto y la ciudad, que se convirtió en un centro de irradiación de la civilización helenística, fue repoblada por árabes beduinos de la zona. La ciudad fue nuevamente sitiada por los asmoneos en 96 a. C. Tras su incorporación al Imperio romano en el año 63 a. C. , Gaza fue reconstruida bajo la dirección de Cneo Pompeyo Magno y terminada por Herodes I el Grande treinta años más tarde. A lo largo del período romano, Gaza mantuvo su prosperidad y recibió subvenciones de varios emperadores. Un senado de 500 miembros gobernó la ciudad y una amplia gama de filisteos, griegos, romanos, canaanitas, fenicios, judíos, egipcios, persas y árabes pobló la ciudad. La conversión al cristianismo de la ciudad fue iniciada y completada bajo el gobierno de Porfirio de Gaza, quien destruyó sus ocho templos paganos entre 396 y 420 a. C. Gaza fue la primera ciudad de Palestina que fue conquistada por los Califas bien guiados en 635. La llegada de los gobernantes musulmanes trajo consigo drásticos cambios. Así, sus iglesias fueron transformadas en mezquitas, la población repentinamente adoptó el Islam como su religión y el árabe se convirtió en la lengua oficial. Bajo los musulmanes árabes, la ciudad pasó por períodos de prosperidad y declive. Los cruzados arrancaron el control de Gaza de los fatimíes en 1100 y gobernaron hasta 1187, cuando la ciudad fue conquistada por Saladino y los ayubíes. Gaza estuvo en manos mamelucas para fines del siglo XIII y se convirtió en la capital de una provincia que abarcaba desde el Sinaí hasta Cesarea. Para el tiempo de su incorporación al Imperio otomano en el siglo XVI, no era más que una pequeña población.
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  • The History of Gaza spans 4,000 years during which it was ruled and populated by various dynasties, empires, and peoples. Originally a Canaanite settlement, it fell under the control of the Ancient Egyptians for roughly 350 years before being conquered by the Philistines, who made it one of the principal cities of their pentapolis in the 12th century BCE. Gaza fell under the domain of the Assyrian empire in 730 BCE, and subsequently, that of the Persian Sassanid Dynasty.
  • La historia de Gaza abarca 4.000 años durante los cuales esta ciudad fue gobernada y habitada por varias dinastías, imperios y pueblos. Originalmente un asentamiento cananeo, cayó bajo control de los antiguos egipcios por unos 350 años antes de ser conquistada por los filisteos, quienes la convirtieron en una de las ciudades principales de su pentápolis en el siglo XII a. C. Gaza cayó bajo dominio del Imperio asirio en 730 a. C. y, subsecuentemente, de la dinastía sasánida persa.
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  • History of Gaza
  • Historia de Gaza
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