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- The written history of Abkhazia largely begins with the coming of the Milesian Greeks to the coastal Colchis in the 6th-5th centuries BC. They founded their maritime colonies along the eastern shore of the Black Sea, with Dioscurias being one of the most important principal centers of trade with the neighboring tribes, that of slaves not excluded. This city, said to be so named for the Dioscuri, the twins Castor and Pollux of classical mythology, is presumed to have subsequently developed into the modern-day Sukhumi. Other notable colonies were Gyenos, Triglitis, and later Pityus, arguably near the modern-day coastal towns of Ochamchire, Gagra, and Pitsunda, respectively. The peoples of the region were notable for their number and variety, as classical sources testify. Herodotus, Strabo, and Pliny appreciate the multitude of languages spoken in Dioscurias and other towns. The mountainous terrain tended to separate and isolate local peoples from one another and encouraged the development of dozens of separate languages and dialects complicating the ethnic makeup of the region. Even the most well-informed contemporary authors are very confused when naming and locating these peoples and provide only very limited information about the geography and population of the hinterland. Furthermore, some classic ethnic names were presumably collective terms and supposed considerable migrations also took place around the region. Various attempts have been made to identify these peoples with the ethnic terms employed by classical authors. Some scholars identify Pliny the Elder’s Apsilae of the 1st century AD and Arrian’s Abasgoi of the 2nd century AD with the probable proto-Abkhaz- and Abaza-speakers respectively, while others consider them proto-Kartvelian tribal designations. The identity and origin of other peoples dwelling in the area are also disputed. Archaeology has seldom been able to make strong connections between the remains of material culture and the opaque names of peoples mentioned by classical writers. Thus, controversies still continue and a series of questions remain open. According to The Georgian Chronicles, the first inhabitants of what is now Abkhazia and the whole western Georgia were Egrosians, the descedants of Egros son of Togarmah, grandson of Japhet, son of Noah, who came from the land known as Arian-Kartli.
- Historia de Abjasia o Abchasia.
- Abhasian historia tunnettuna alkaa esihistoriassa jo 4000 eaa - 3000 eaa. Maa on ollut Rooman valtakunnan, osittain Osmanien valtakunnan, Venäjän keisarikunnan, Georgian sekä Neuvostoliiton vaikutuspiirissä.
- Se estima que as primeiras povoações da Abecásia remontem ao quarto milênio a.C.. Estas primeiras tribos, de origem ariana, teriam chegado à região durante o período Neolítico da Pré-História, assentando-se nas costas do mar Negro. Estabeleceram-se junto a outras linhagens, que posteriormente evoluiriam até convertir-se nos apsuas, chechenos, daguestanis, armênios e arameus. Desde o segundo milênio a.C. a região foi assolada por invasões de povos provenientes das estepes da Ásia Central, como os hititas, celtas, medos e persas. Durante estes anos, os proto-kartvelianos se dividiram três grupos étnicos bem diferenciados: os svans, os zans e os kartvelianos orientais. Enquanto os svans permaneceram na Abecásia, os kartvelianos se assentaram no centro da atual Geórgia, enquanto os zans se distribuíram na província de Samegrelo e ao longo das costas do mar Negro, até às imediações da Turquia.
- Археологические находки свидетельствуют о пребывании человека на территории Абхазии ещё в эпоху нижнего палеолита. Уже в IV тысячелетии до н. э. в Абхазии были развиты не только земледелие и скотоводство, но и ткачество, производство керамики, обработка камня, меди и бронзы; развивался обмен. От II тысячелетия до н. э. остались многочисленные дольмены. В первом тысячелетии до н. э. на территории Абхазии стали появляться зачатки классового общества. Абхазия попала в сферу влияния Колхидского царства; к этому периоду относится появление первых городских поселений на восточном берегу Чёрного моря.
- Abchazien var under tidig antik tid del av riket Kolchis. Det kom år 107 f. Kr. under Pontos och införlivades med Romarriket år 63 e. Kr. Området blev gradvis självständigt från Bysans, och på 780-talet bildades kungadömet Abchazien, vilket på 1000-talet övergick i det georgiska kungadömet. På 1570-talet kom regionen under Osmanska riket för att under 1800-talet bli ryskt. Efter ryska revolutionen 1917 blev Abchazien del av Georgiska SSR inom Sovjetunionen. I samband med den senares sammanbrott 1989-1991 uppstod konflikter mellan etniska abchazer och georgier i området. De abchaziska separatisternas självständighetsförklaring 1992 utlöste regelrätt krig, i vilket merparten av de etniska georgierna tvingades fly regionen. Efter att separatisterna tagit kontrollen över större delen av Abchazien slöts vapenvila 1993, men situationen har ännu inte fått någon beständig lösning.
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- The written history of Abkhazia largely begins with the coming of the Milesian Greeks to the coastal Colchis in the 6th-5th centuries BC. They founded their maritime colonies along the eastern shore of the Black Sea, with Dioscurias being one of the most important principal centers of trade with the neighboring tribes, that of slaves not excluded.
- Historia de Abjasia o Abchasia.
- Abhasian historia tunnettuna alkaa esihistoriassa jo 4000 eaa - 3000 eaa. Maa on ollut Rooman valtakunnan, osittain Osmanien valtakunnan, Venäjän keisarikunnan, Georgian sekä Neuvostoliiton vaikutuspiirissä.
- Se estima que as primeiras povoações da Abecásia remontem ao quarto milênio a.C.. Estas primeiras tribos, de origem ariana, teriam chegado à região durante o período Neolítico da Pré-História, assentando-se nas costas do mar Negro. Estabeleceram-se junto a outras linhagens, que posteriormente evoluiriam até convertir-se nos apsuas, chechenos, daguestanis, armênios e arameus. Desde o segundo milênio a.C.
- Археологические находки свидетельствуют о пребывании человека на территории Абхазии ещё в эпоху нижнего палеолита. Уже в IV тысячелетии до н. э.
- Abchazien var under tidig antik tid del av riket Kolchis. Det kom år 107 f. Kr. under Pontos och införlivades med Romarriket år 63 e. Kr. Området blev gradvis självständigt från Bysans, och på 780-talet bildades kungadömet Abchazien, vilket på 1000-talet övergick i det georgiska kungadömet. På 1570-talet kom regionen under Osmanska riket för att under 1800-talet bli ryskt. Efter ryska revolutionen 1917 blev Abchazien del av Georgiska SSR inom Sovjetunionen.
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