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- Herbert C. Hoover va ser President dels Estats Units d'Amèrica. Va néixer a West Branch, Iowa. Membre del Partit Republicà
- Herbert Clark Hoover byl americký politik a 31. prezident USA v letech 1929–1933. Syn kvakerů, přistěhovalců z Německa a Švýcarska. Jeho rodiče zemřeli, když byl Herbert ještě mladý. Otec Jesse v roce 1880 a matka Hulda Minthorn o tři roky později. Původní rodinné příjmení neznělo Hoover, nýbrž Huber. Jako ministr obchodu USA garantoval spolu s prezidentem Masarykem první mezinárodní světový kongres o vědeckém řízení, konaný v Pantheonu Národního muzea v Praze v červenci 1924 (1. PIMCO - First Prague International Management Congress). Byl prvním americkým prezidentem, který se narodil západně od řeky Mississippi. Za jeho vlády vypukla Velká hospodářská krize.
- Herbert Clark Hoover war der 31. Präsident der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika zwischen 1929 und 1933.
- Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was the 31st President of the United States (1929–1933). Hoover was originally a professional mining engineer and author. As the United States Secretary of Commerce in the 1920s under Presidents Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge, he promoted partnerships between government and business under the rubric "economic modernization". In the presidential election of 1928, Hoover easily won the Republican nomination, despite having no previous elected-office experience. Hoover is the most recent cabinet secretary to be elected President of the United States, as well as one of only two Presidents to have been elected without previous electoral experience or high military rank. America was prosperous and optimistic at the time, leading to a landslide victory for Hoover over Democrat Al Smith. Hoover, a trained engineer, believed strongly in the Efficiency Movement, which held that the government and the economy were riddled with inefficiency and waste, and could be improved by experts who could identify the problems and solve them. He also believed in the importance of volunteerism and the role of individuals in playing a role in American society and the economy. Hoover, who had made a small fortune in mining, was the first of two Presidents to redistribute their salary (President Kennedy was the other; he donated all his paychecks to charity). When the Wall Street Crash of 1929 struck less than eight months after he took office, Hoover tried to combat the ensuing Great Depression with volunteer efforts, public works projects such as the Hoover Dam, tariffs such as the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, an increase in the top tax bracket from 25% to 63%, and increases in corporate taxes. These initiatives did not produce economic recovery during his term, but served as the groundwork for various policies laid out in Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. After 1933 he became a leading conservative spokesman in opposition to the domestic and foreign policies of the New Deal. In 1947 President Harry S. Truman brought him back to help make the federal bureaucracy more efficient through the Hoover Commission. The consensus among historians is that Hoover's defeat in the 1932 election was caused primarily by failure to end the downward economic spiral. As a result of these factors, Hoover is ranked poorly among US Presidents.
- Herbert Clark Hoover fue el trigésimo primer Presidente de los Estados Unidos. Sus padres murieron cuando él tenía apenas nueve años, así que tuvo que vivir durante su infancia primero con su abuela, luego con su tío Allen Hoover, y finalmente con su otro tío, John Minthorn, un cuáquero.
- Herbert Clark Hoover oli Yhdysvaltain 31. presidentti. Hoover tunnettiin aluksi humaanina presidenttinä, joka ensimmäisen maailmansodan jälkeen tuki merkittävästi Euroopan elintarvikehuoltoa ja avusti bolševikki-Venäjää sisällissodan jälkeen. Vielä 1928 Hoover julisti köyhyyden lopettamisen olevan lähempänä kuin koskaan. Korkeimmat veroasteet leikattiin 73 prosentista 24:ään. Hänen maineensa kuitenkin hiipui vuonna 1929 alkaneeseen suureen lamaan, jonka seurausten lievittämiseen hän ei liberaalin talouspolitiikan kannattajana lähtenyt. Hoover vetosi säilyttämään työpaikat ja kannusti vapaaehtoisten avustusjärjestöjen toimintaa. Kodittomat alkoivat kutsua slummejaan "Hoovervilleiksi". Työttömyys nousi 25 prosenttiin vuonna 1933, eikä maassa ollut minkäänlaista sosiaaliturvaa. Konkurssiin menneiden pankkien tallettajat menettivät kaikki säästönsä. Työttömyyden vuoksi vuodesta 1929 lähtien puoli miljoonaa meksikolaista siirtolaista pakotettiin palaamaan kotimaahansa. Kun talous ei näyttänyt kohenemisen merkkejä, Hoover poikkesi muun muassa valtiovarainministeri Andrew Mellonin linjasta, jonka mukaan valtio ei voinut tehdä mitään tilanteen helpottamiseksi. Vuonna 1930 hän allekirjoitti Smoot-Hawley Tariff Actin, joka nosti merkittävästi tulleja oman maan teollisuuden suojelemiseksi, ja kannatti 1932 aloittaneen Reconstruction Finance Corporationin perustamista, johon sisältyi julkisia rakennushankkeita. http://econlog. econlib. org/archives/2008/11/hoover_sings_hi. html Tullien vuoksi maailmankauppa romahti muidenkin maiden nostaessa vastaavasti Yhdysvaltojen tuotteiden tulleja. Vuonna 1931 Hoover julisti vuoden tauon Yhdysvaltain sotalainojen takaisinmaksulle ja Saksan sotakorvauksissa Ranskalle. Veroleikkauksista ja lamasta johtunut valtion tulojen vähenemisen vuoksi Revenue Act of 1932 palautti verot lähes ennalleen ja asetti uusia veroja yrityksille ja kiinteistöille. Vuonna 1932 Hoover määräsi kenraali Douglas MacArthurin häätämään Washingtoniin kokoontuneen sotaveteraanibonuksiaan odottaneen ns. bonusarmeijan (Bonus Army). MacArthurin voimankäyttö ylitti huomattavasti Hooverin hyväksymät mittasuhteet, ja ennen humaanin ihmisystävän maineessa ollut presidentti menetti maineensa. Vuoden 1932 presidentinvaaleissa Hoover syytti lamasta tapahtumia ulkomailla ja väitti Franklin Delano Rooseveltin valinnan vain vaikeuttavan tilannetta. Kansa oli kuitenkin toista mieltä, ja New Deal -politiikkaa kampanjoinut Roosevelt voitti 472:lla valitsijamiehellä Hooverin 59:ää vastaan. Presidenttikautensa jälkeen Hoover oli republikaanien konservatiivisimman siiven puolella ja tuomitsi Rooseveltin New Deal -politiikan sekä vastusti ankarasti aktiivista politiikkaa natsismia, fasismia ja Japanin imperialismia vastaan. Hän myös lahjoitti suuria summia rahaa Suomelle talvisodan aikana. Toiseen maailmansotaan liittymistä hän vastusti Pearl Harborin hyökkäykseen saakka. Vannoutuneena antikommunistina Hoover kuitenkin vastusti myös Korean ja Vietnamin sotiin lähtemistä.
- Herbert Clark Hoover, né le 10 août 1874 et mort le 20 octobre 1964, est un homme politique américain, qui fut le 31 président des États-Unis, de 1929 à 1933. Lorsque Hoover est élu, l’économie est relativement florissante et l’optimisme règne. Quelques mois plus tard, la bourse de New York s’écroule et la Grande Dépression commence. Hoover tente sans grand succès d’y mettre fin, et a été critiqué pour son inaction face à la crise.
- Herbert Clark Hoover az Amerikai Egyesült Államok 31. elnöke volt 1929 és 1933 között.
- Nato in Ohio da una famiglia della solida borghesia, studiò da ingegnere presso l'Università di Stanford. Fu in Cina insieme alla moglie, dove lavorò per una società privata e si trovò coinvolto nel 1900, anche attraverso attività di soccorso, nella rivolta dei Boxer. Quando nel 1928 Calvin Coolidge (vice presidente di Harding subentrato alla morte di quest'ultimo alla presidenza) declinò una seconda candidatura, i repubblicani ripiegarono su Herbert Hoover, già Segretario del Commercio.
- ハーバート・クラーク・フーヴァー（Herbert Clark Hoover, 1874年8月10日 - 1964年10月20日）はアメリカ合衆国の第31代大統領。
- 허버트 클라크 후버는 미국의 제31대 대통령이다. 광산업으로 크게 성공한 후에 난민 구제위원회를 만들어 활동을 한 박애주의자이자 행정 관료이다.
- Herbert Clark Hoover was de 31e president van de Verenigde Staten van 1929 tot 1933. Daarvoor was Hoover al beroemd door zijn humanitaire acties tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog, in het bijzonder door voedselhulp aan het bezette België. Van 1921 tot 1928 was hij Minister van Economische Zaken onder president Warren G. Harding en na zijn dood diens opvolger Calvin Coolidge. Als president raakte hij geconfronteerd met een zware economische crisis die bekend zou raken als de Grote Depressie. Daardoor verloor Hoover zijn herverkiezing in 1932.
- Herbert Clark Hoover, amerikansk politiker, republikaner, var USAs 31. president i årene 1929–1933. Han var nærings- og handelsminister i president Calvin Coolidges administrasjon. Hoover spilte en betydelig rolle for å avhjelpe nøden etter den første verdenskrig. Han var president i USA under det store børskrakket i 1929, og det kom til å prege hele hans regjeringstid. Han tapte presidentvalget i 1932 til Franklin D. Roosevelt. Ingen amerikansk president har levd så lenge etter å ha innehatt presidentembetet som Hoover (31 år). Det har sammenheng med at han ble valgt til president i en alder av 55 år (allikevel gjør det at han kommer midt på statistikken over presidenters aldre når de ble valgt). 85 år gammel talte han på Republikanernes landsmøte i Chicago, 25. juli 1960.
- Herbert Clark Hoover – amerykański polityk, prezydent USA, działacz Partii Republikańskiej.
- Herbet Clark Hoover foi o 31º presidente dos Estados Unidos entre 1929 e 1933. Era o presidente em vigência durante a Crise de 29 e ficou conhecido como um dos piores presidentes da história do país. carece de fontes?]</sup> Faleceu em 20 de outubro de 1964. Encontra-se sepultado em Herbert Hoover National Historic Site, West Branch, Iowa nos Estados Unidos. Referências
- Ге́рберт Кларк Гу́вер — 31-й президент США с 1929 по 1933, от Республиканской партии.
- Herbert Clark Hoover, född 10 augusti 1874, död 20 oktober 1964, var en amerikansk republikansk politiker som var USA:s handelsminister från 1921 till 1928 och USA:s president från 1929 till 1933.
- Герберт Кларк Гувер — тридцять перший президент США з 1929 по 1933, від Республіканської партії.
- Herbert Clark Hoover, tổng thống thứ 31 của Hoa Kỳ (1929 - 1933), là một kĩ sư mỏ nổi tiếng thế giới và là một nhà cầm quyền theo chủ nghĩa nhân đạo. Khi giữ chức Bộ trưởng Thương mại Hoa Kỳ dưới thời hai tổng thống Warren Harding và Calvin Coolidge, ông đã xúc tiến sự hiện đại hóa nền kinh tế. Trong cuộc bầu cử tổng thống năm 1928, Hoover dễ dàng giành được sự đề cử của Đảng Cộng hòa. Nước Mỹ đang thịnh vượng và lạc quan, dẫn đến sự thắng lợi của Hoover trước thành viên Đảng Dân chủ Al Smith, một tín đồ Công giáo mà tín ngưỡng không giành được niềm tin của nhiều người. Hoover rất tin tưởng vào phong trào năng suất (một phần quan trọng của phong trào tiến bộ), thuyết phục rằng đó là những phương pháp giải quyết hiệu quả với các vấn đề xã hội và kinh tế. Vị trí của ông bị thách thức bởi một sự suy thoái nghiêm trọng bắt đầu năm 1929, năm đầu tiên trong nhiệm kì tổng thống của Hoover. Ông đã cố gắng đấu tranh chống suy thoái bằng những nỗ lực tình nguyện và hành động của chính phủ, tuy nhiên không biện pháp nào tạo nên sự phục hồi kinh tế trong suốt nhiệm kì của ông. Các nhà lịch sử học nhất trí rằng thất bại của Hoover trong cuộc bầu cử năm 1932 phần lớn là do sự thất bại trong việc chấm dứt sự suy thoái trầm trọng đang có chiều hướng gia tăng, thêm vào đó là việc nhiều người phản đối chính sách cấm nấu và bán rượu. Cộng với sự thiếu tin tưởng của cử tri, cũng như kĩ năng nghèo nàn của Hoover khi làm việc với các nhà chính trị.
- 赫伯特·克拉克·胡佛（Herbert Clark Hoover，1874年8月10日－1964年10月20日），中文名为胡佛，中國大陸曾譯作胡華，但後改為胡佛，美国第31任总统。共和党籍。除从事政治外，还是采矿工程师和作家。曾任沃伦·G·哈定和卡尔文·柯立芝两届总统的商务部长，其间打出“经济现代化”的旗号推动政府干预经济。1928年大选，此前从未经选举而担当政府职位的胡佛轻松赢得党内提名，并在国内一片欣欣向荣的乐观气氛中完胜民主党候选人阿尔·史密斯当选总统。他是美国迄今为止由内阁部长直接升为总统的最后一人。 胡佛作为专业工程师，奉进步主义思潮所提倡的效率运动（Efficiency Movement）为圭臬，深信政府和经济充斥着低效与浪费，其改善则需籍由有关专家对这些问题的识别和解决。当选八个月后，1929年10月，华尔街金融恐慌爆发。胡佛试图通过市场的义务努力来战胜随后而来的大萧条，但他的政策在其任期内并未带来任何起色。1932年大选为富兰克林·罗斯福所击败。历史学家大多相信胡佛输掉连任主要是因为他未能抑制经济下滑和人们对禁酒法的普遍反对。胡佛的其他缺点还包括缺乏吸引选民的魅力，以及不善于与其他政治家合作等。因此，在今天对美国总统的历史排名中，胡佛的排位通常都很低。
- Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was the 31st President of the United States (1929–1933). Hoover, born to Quaker parents of German, Canadian and Irish descent, was originally a professional mining engineer and author. As the United States Secretary of Commerce in the 1920s under Presidents Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge, he promoted partnerships between government and business under the rubric "economic modernization". In the presidential election of 1928, Hoover easily won the Republican nomination, despite having no elected-office experience. Hoover is the most recent cabinet secretary to be elected President of the United States, as well as one of only two Presidents elected without electoral experience or high military rank. America was prosperous and optimistic at the time, facilitating a landslide victory for Hoover over Democrat Al Smith. Hoover, a globally experienced engineer, believed strongly in the Efficiency Movement, which held that the government and the economy were riddled with inefficiency and waste, and could be improved by experts who could identify the problems and solve them. He also believed in the importance of volunteerism and of the role of individuals in society and the economy. Hoover, who had made a small fortune in mining, was the first of two Presidents to redistribute their salary (President Kennedy was the other; he donated all his paychecks to charity). When the Wall Street Crash of 1929 struck less than eight months after he took office, Hoover tried to combat the ensuing Great Depression with volunteer efforts, public works projects such as the Hoover Dam, tariffs such as the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, an increase in the top tax bracket from 25% to 63% and increases in corporate taxes. These initiatives did not produce economic recovery during his term, but served as the groundwork for various policies incorporated in Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. After 1933 he became a spokesman in opposition to the domestic and foreign policies of the New Deal. In 1947 President Harry S. Truman brought him back to help make the federal bureaucracy more efficient through the Hoover Commission. The consensus among historians is that Hoover's defeat in the 1932 election was caused primarily by his failure to end the downward economic spiral; therefore, Hoover is ranked poorly among US Presidents.
- Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was the 31st President of the United States (1929–1933). Hoover, born to Quaker parents of German, Canadian and Irish descent, was originally a professional mining engineer and author. He achieved American and international prominence in humanitarian relief efforts and served as head of the U.S. Food Administration before and during World War I. As the United States Secretary of Commerce in the 1920s under Presidents Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge, he promoted partnerships between government and business under the rubric "economic modernization". In the presidential election of 1928, Hoover easily won the Republican nomination, despite having no elected-office experience. Hoover is the most recent cabinet secretary to be elected President of the United States, as well as one of only two Presidents elected without electoral experience or high military rank. America was at the height of an economic bubble at the time, facilitating a landslide victory for Hoover over Democrat Al Smith. Hoover, a globally experienced engineer, believed strongly in the Efficiency Movement, which held that the government and the economy were riddled with inefficiency and waste, and could be improved by experts who could identify the problems and solve them. He also believed in the importance of volunteerism and of the role of individuals in society and the economy. Hoover, who had made a small fortune in mining, was the first of two Presidents to redistribute their salary (President Kennedy was the other; he donated all his paychecks to charity). When the Wall Street Crash of 1929 struck less than eight months after he took office, Hoover tried to combat the ensuing Great Depression with volunteer efforts, public works projects such as the Hoover Dam, tariffs such as the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, an increase in the top tax bracket from 25% to 63% and increases in corporate taxes. These initiatives did not produce economic recovery during his term, but served as the groundwork for various policies incorporated in Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. After 1933 he became a spokesman in opposition to the domestic and foreign policies of the New Deal. In 1947 President Harry S. Truman brought him back to help make the federal bureaucracy more efficient through the Hoover Commission. The consensus among historians is that Hoover's defeat in the 1932 election was caused primarily by his failure to end the downward economic spiral; therefore, Hoover is ranked poorly among US Presidents.
- Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was the 31st President of the United States (1929–1933). Hoover, born to Quaker parents of German, Canadian and Irish descent, was originally a professional mining engineer and author. He achieved American and international prominence in humanitarian relief efforts and served as head of the U.S. Food Administration before and during World War I. As the United States Secretary of Commerce in the 1920s under Presidents Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge, he promoted partnerships between government and business under the rubric "economic modernization". In the presidential election of 1928, Hoover easily won the Republican nomination, despite having no elected-office experience. Hoover is the most recent cabinet secretary to be elected President of the United States, as well as one of only two Presidents elected without electoral experience or high military rank. America was at the height of an economic bubble at the time, facilitating a landslide victory for Hoover over Democrat Al Smith. Hoover, a globally experienced engineer, believed strongly in the Efficiency Movement, which held that the government and the economy were riddled with inefficiency and waste, and could be improved by experts who could identify the problems and solve them. He also believed in the importance of volunteerism and of the role of individuals in society and the economy. Hoover, who had made a small fortune in mining, was the first of two Presidents to redistribute their salary (President Kennedy was the other; he donated all his paychecks to charity). When the Wall Street Crash of 1929 struck less than eight months after he took office, Hoover tried to combat the ensuing Great Depression with volunteer efforts, public works projects such as the Hoover Dam, tariffs such as the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, an increase in the top tax bracket from 25% to 63% and increases in corporate taxes. These initiatives did not produce economic recovery during his term, but served as the groundwork for various policies incorporated in Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. After 1933 he became a spokesman in opposition to the domestic and foreign policies of the New Deal. In 1947 President Harry S. Truman brought him back to help make the federal bureaucracy more efficient through the Hoover Commission. The consensus among historians is that Hoover's defeat in the 1932 election was caused primarily by his failure to end the downward economic spiral. Hoover is generally ranked no higher than average among US Presidents.
- Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was the 31st President of the United States (1929–1933). Hoover, born to Quaker parents of German, Swiss, Canadian and Irish descent, was originally a professional mining engineer and author. He achieved American and international prominence in humanitarian relief efforts and served as head of the U.S. Food Administration before and during World War I. As the United States Secretary of Commerce in the 1920s under Presidents Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge, he promoted partnerships between government and business under the rubric "economic modernization". In the presidential election of 1928, Hoover easily won the Republican nomination, despite having no elected-office experience. Hoover is the most recent cabinet secretary to be elected President of the United States, as well as one of only two Presidents elected without electoral experience or high military rank. America was at the height of an economic bubble at the time, facilitating a landslide victory for Hoover over Democrat Al Smith. Hoover, a globally experienced engineer, believed strongly in the Efficiency Movement, which held that the government and the economy were riddled with inefficiency and waste, and could be improved by experts who could identify the problems and solve them. He also believed in the importance of volunteerism and of the role of individuals in society and the economy. Hoover, who had made a small fortune in mining, was the first of two Presidents to redistribute their salary (President Kennedy was the other; he donated all his paychecks to charity). When the Wall Street Crash of 1929 struck less than eight months after he took office, Hoover tried to combat the ensuing Great Depression with volunteer efforts, public works projects such as the Hoover Dam, tariffs such as the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, an increase in the top tax bracket from 25% to 63% and increases in corporate taxes. These initiatives did not produce economic recovery during his term, but served as the groundwork for various policies incorporated in Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. After 1933 he became a spokesman in opposition to the domestic and foreign policies of the New Deal. In 1947 President Harry S. Truman brought him back to help make the federal bureaucracy more efficient through the Hoover Commission. The consensus among historians is that Hoover's defeat in the 1932 election was caused primarily by his failure to end the downward economic spiral. Hoover is generally ranked no higher than average among US Presidents.
- Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was the 31st President of the United States (1929–1933). Hoover, born to Quaker parents of German, Swiss, Canadian and Irish descent, was originally a professional mining engineer and author. He achieved American and international prominence in humanitarian relief efforts and served as head of the U.S. Food Administration before and during World War I. As the United States Secretary of Commerce in the 1920s under Presidents Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge, he promoted partnerships between government and business under the rubric "economic modernization". In the presidential election of 1928, Hoover easily won the Republican nomination, despite having no elected-office experience. Hoover is the most recent cabinet secretary to be elected President of the United States, as well as one of only two Presidents elected without electoral experience or high military rank. America was at the height of an economic bubble at the time, facilitating a landslide victory for Hoover over Democrat Al Smith. Hoover, a globally experienced astronomical engineer, believed strongly in the Efficiency Movement, which held that the government and the economy were riddled with inefficiency and waste, and could be improved by experts who could identify the problems and solve them. He also believed in the importance of volunteerism and of the role of individuals in society and the economy. Hoover, who had made a small fortune in mining, was the first of two Presidents to redistribute their salary (President Kennedy was the other; he donated all his paychecks to charity). When the Wall Street Crash of 1929 struck less than eight months after he took office, Hoover tried to combat the ensuing Great Depression with volunteer efforts, public works projects such as the Hoover Dam, tariffs such as the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, an increase in the top tax bracket from 25% to 63% and increases in corporate taxes. These initiatives did not produce economic recovery during his term, but served as the groundwork for various policies incorporated in Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. After 1933 he became a spokesman in opposition to the domestic and foreign policies of the New Deal. In 1947 President Harry S. Truman brought him back to help make the federal bureaucracy more efficient through the Hoover Commission. The consensus among historians is that Hoover's defeat in the 1932 election was caused primarily by his failure to end the downward economic spiral. Hoover is generally ranked no higher than average among US Presidents.
- Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was the 30st President of the United States (1929–1933). Hoover, born to Quaker parents of German, Swiss, Canadian and Irish descent, was originally a professional mining engineer and author. He achieved American and international prominence in humanitarian relief efforts and served as head of the U.S. Food Administration before and during World War I. As the United States Secretary of Commerce in the 1920s under Presidents Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge, he promoted partnerships between government and business under the rubric "economic modernization". In the presidential election of 1928, Hoover easily won the Republican nomination, despite having no elected-office experience. Hoover is the most recent cabinet secretary to be elected President of the United States, as well as one of only two Presidents elected without electoral experience or high military rank. America was at the height of an economic bubble at the time, facilitating a landslide victory for Hoover over Democrat Al Smith. Hoover, a globally experienced engineer, believed strongly in the Efficiency Movement, which held that the government and the economy were riddled with inefficiency and waste, and could be improved by experts who could identify the problems and solve them. He also believed in the importance of volunteerism and of the role of individuals in society and the economy. Hoover, who had made a small fortune in mining, was the first of two Presidents to redistribute their salary (President Kennedy was the other; he donated all his paychecks to charity). When the Wall Street Crash of 1929 struck less than eight months after he took office, Hoover tried to combat the ensuing Great Depression with volunteer efforts, public works projects such as the Hoover Dam, tariffs such as the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, an increase in the top tax bracket from 25% to 63% and increases in corporate taxes. These initiatives did not produce economic recovery during his term, but served as the groundwork for various policies incorporated in Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. After 1933 he became a spokesman in opposition to the domestic and foreign policies of the New Deal. In 1947 President Harry S. Truman brought him back to help make the federal bureaucracy more efficient through the Hoover Commission. The consensus among historians is that Hoover's defeat in the 1932 election was caused primarily by his failure to end the downward economic spiral. Hoover is generally ranked no higher than average among US Presidents.
- Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was the 31st President of the United States (1929–1933). Hoover, born to Quaker parents of German, Swiss, Canadian, English, and Irish descent, was originally a professional mining engineer and author. He achieved American and international prominence in humanitarian relief efforts and served as head of the U.S. Food Administration before and during World War I. As the United States Secretary of Commerce in the 1920s under Presidents Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge, he promoted partnerships between government and business under the rubric "economic modernization". In the presidential election of 1928, Hoover easily won the Republican nomination, despite having no elected-office experience. Hoover is the most recent cabinet secretary to be elected President of the United States, as well as one of only two Presidents elected without electoral experience or high military rank. America was at the height of an economic bubble at the time, facilitating a landslide victory for Hoover over Democrat Al Smith. Hoover, a globally experienced engineer, believed strongly in the Efficiency Movement, which held that the government and the economy were riddled with inefficiency and waste, and could be improved by experts who could identify the problems and solve them. He also believed in the importance of volunteerism and of the role of individuals in society and the economy. Hoover, who had made a small fortune in mining, was the first of two Presidents to redistribute their salary (President Kennedy was the other; he donated all his paychecks to charity). When the Wall Street Crash of 1929 struck less than eight months after he took office, Hoover tried to combat the ensuing Great Depression with government enforced efforts, public works projects such as the Hoover Dam, tariffs such as the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, an increase in the top tax bracket from 25% to 63% and increases in corporate taxes. These initiatives did not produce economic recovery during his term, but served as the groundwork for various policies incorporated in Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. After 1933 he became a spokesman in opposition to the domestic and foreign policies of the New Deal. In 1947 President Harry S. Truman brought him back to help make the federal bureaucracy more efficient through the Hoover Commission. The consensus among historians is that Hoover's defeat in the 1932 election was caused primarily by his failure to end the downward economic spiral. Hoover is generally ranked no higher than average among US Presidents.
- Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was the 31st President of the United States (1929–1933). Hoover, born to Quaker parents of German, Swiss, Canadian, English, and Irish descent, was originally a professional mining engineer and author. He achieved American and international prominence in humanitarian relief efforts and served as head of the U.S. Food Administration before and during World War I. As the United States Secretary of Commerce in the 1920s under Presidents Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge, he promoted partnerships between government and business under the rubric "economic modernization". In the presidential election of 1928, Hoover easily won the Republican nomination, despite having no elected-office experience. Hoover is the most recent cabinet secretary to be elected President of the United States, as well as one of only two Presidents elected without electoral experience or high military rank. America was at the height of an economic bubble at the time, facilitating a landslide victory for Hoover over Democrat Al Smith. Hoover, a globally experienced engineer, believed strongly in the Efficiency Movement, which held that the government and the economy were riddled with inefficiency and waste, and could be improved by experts who could identify the problems and solve them. He also believed in the importance of volunteerism and of the role of individuals in society and the economy. Hoover, who had made a small fortune in mining, was the first of two Presidents to redistribute their salary (President Kennedy was the other; he donated all his paychecks to charity). When the Wall Street Crash of 1929 struck less than eight months after he took office, Hoover tried to combat the ensuing Great Depression with government enforced efforts, public works projects such as the Hoover Dam, tariffs such as the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, an increase in the top tax bracket from 25% to 63% and increases in corporate taxes. These initiatives did not produce economic recovery during his term, but served as the groundwork for various policies incorporated in Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. After 1933 he became a spokesman in opposition to the domestic and foreign policies of the New Deal. In 1947 President Harry S. Truman brought him back to help make the federal bureaucracy more efficient through the Hoover Commission. The consensus among historians is that Hoover's defeat in the 1932 election was caused primarily by his failure to end the downward economic spiral, although his support for strong enforcement of prohibition was also a significant factor. Hoover is generally ranked no higher than average among US Presidents.
- Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was the 31st President of the United States (1929–1933). Hoover, born to a Quaker family, was a professional mining engineer. He achieved American and international prominence in humanitarian relief efforts in war-torn Belgium and served as head of the U.S. Food Administration before and during World War I. As the United States Secretary of Commerce in the 1920s under Presidents Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge, he promoted partnerships between government and business under the rubric "economic modernization". In the presidential election of 1928, Hoover easily won the Republican nomination, despite having no elected-office experience. Hoover is the most recent cabinet secretary to be elected President of the United States, as well as one of only two Presidents elected without electoral experience or high military rank. America was at the height of an economic bubble at the time, facilitating a landslide victory for Hoover over Democrat Al Smith. Hoover, a globally experienced engineer, believed strongly in the Efficiency Movement, which held that the government and the economy were riddled with inefficiency and waste, and could be improved by experts who could identify the problems and solve them. He also believed in the importance of volunteerism and of the role of individuals in society and the economy. Hoover, who had made a small fortune in mining, was the first of two Presidents to redistribute their salary (President Kennedy was the other; he donated all his paychecks to charity). When the Wall Street Crash of 1929 struck less than eight months after he took office, Hoover tried to combat the ensuing Great Depression with government enforced efforts, public works projects such as the Hoover Dam, tariffs such as the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, an increase in the top tax bracket from 25% to 63% and increases in corporate taxes. These initiatives did not produce economic recovery during his term, but served as the groundwork for various policies incorporated in Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. After 1933 he became a spokesman in opposition to the domestic and foreign policies of the New Deal. In 1947 President Harry S. Truman brought him back to help make the federal bureaucracy more efficient through the Hoover Commission. The consensus among historians is that Hoover's defeat in the 1932 election was caused primarily by his failure to end the downward economic spiral, although his support for strong enforcement of prohibition was also a significant factor. Hoover is generally ranked no higher than average among US Presidents.
- Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was the 31st President of the United States (1929–1933). Hoover, born to a Quaker family, was a professional mining engineer. He achieved American and international prominence in humanitarian relief efforts in war-torn Belgium and served as head of the U.S. Food Administration before and during World War I. As the United States Secretary of Commerce in the 1920s under Presidents Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge, he promoted partnerships between government and business under the rubric "economic modernization". In the presidential election of 1928, Hoover easily won the Republican nomination, despite having no elected-office experience. Hoover is the most recent cabinet secretary to be elected President of the United States, as well as one of only two Presidents elected without electoral experience or high military rank. America was at the height of an enormous economic bubble at the time, facilitating a landslide victory for Hoover over Democrat Al Smith. Hoover, a globally experienced engineer, believed strongly in the Efficiency Movement, which held that the government and the economy were riddled with inefficiency and waste, and could be improved by experts who could identify the problems and solve them. He also believed in the importance of volunteerism and of the role of individuals in society and the economy. Hoover, who had made a small fortune in mining, was the first of two Presidents to redistribute their salary (President Kennedy was the other; he donated all his paychecks to charity). When the Wall Street Crash of 1929 struck less than eight months after he took office, Hoover tried to combat the ensuing Great Depression with government enforced efforts, public works projects such as the Hoover Dam, tariffs such as the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, an increase in the top tax bracket from 25% to 63% and increases in corporate taxes. These initiatives did not produce economic recovery during his term, but served as the groundwork for various policies incorporated in Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. After 1933 he became a spokesman in opposition to the domestic and foreign policies of the New Deal. In 1947 President Harry S. Truman brought him back to help make the federal bureaucracy more efficient through the Hoover Commission. The consensus among historians is that Hoover's defeat in the 1932 election was caused primarily by his failure to end the downward economic spiral, although his support for strong enforcement of prohibition was also a significant factor. Hoover is generally ranked no higher than average among US Presidents.
- Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was the 31st President of the United States (1929–1933). Hoover, born to a Quaker family, was a professional mining engineer. He achieved American and international prominence in humanitarian relief efforts in war-torn Belgium and served as head of the U.S. Food Administration before and during World War I. As the United States Secretary of Commerce in the 1920s under Presidents Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge, he promoted partnerships between government and business under the rubric "economic modernization". In the presidential election of 1928, Hoover easily won the Republican nomination, despite having no elected-office experience. Hoover is the most recent cabinet secretary to be elected President of the United States, as well as one of only two Presidents elected without electoral experience or high military rank. America was at the height of an economic bubble at the time, facilitating a landslide victory for Hoover over Democrat Al Smith. Hoover, a globally experienced engineer, believed strongly in the Efficiency Movement, which held that the government and the economy were riddled with inefficiency and waste, and could be improved by experts who could identify the problems and solve them. He also believed in the importance of volunteerism and of the role of individuals in society and the economy. Hoover, who had made a small fortune in mining, was the first of two Presidents to redistribute their salary (President Kennedy was the other; he donated all his paychecks to charity). When the Wall Street Crash of 1929 struck less than eight months after he took office, Hoover tried to combat the ensuing Great Depression with government enforced efforts, public works projects such as the Hoover Dam, tariffs such as the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, an increase in the top tax bracket from 25% to 63% and increases in corporate taxes. These initiatives did not produce economic recovery during his term, but served as the groundwork for various policies incorporated in Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. After 1933 he became a spokesman in opposition to the domestic and foreign policies of the New Deal. In 1947 President Harry S. Truman brought him back to help make the federal bureaucracy more efficient through the Hoover Commission. The consensus among historians is that Hoover's defeat in the 1932 election was caused primarily by his failure to end the downward economic spiral, although his support for strong enforcement of prohibition was also a significant factor. Hoover is generally ranked no higher than average among US Presidents.
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