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- Guru Angad Dev (31 March 1504 - 28 March 1552) was the second of the ten Sikh Gurus. Given the name Lehna shortly after his birth as was the custom of his Hindu parents, he was born in the village of Sarae Naga in Muktsar district in Punjab, on March 31, 1504, he was the son of a small successful trader named Pheru. His mother's name was Mata Ramo (also known as Mata Sabhirai, Mansa Devi and Daya kaur). Baba Narayan Das Trehan was his grandfather, whose ancestral house was at Matte-di-Sarai near Mukatsar. In 1538, Guru Nanak Dev Ji chose Lehna, his disciple, as a successor to the Guruship rather than one of his sons. Bhai Lehna was given the name Angad and designated Guru Angad Dev, becoming the second guru of the Sikhs. He continued the work started by the first Sikh Guru, Guru Nanak Dev Ji. Bhai Lehna was raised as a Hindu,growing up he became a devout worshiper of Durga. Every year he led a group of Hindu worshippers to the Jawalamukhi Temple singing all the way singing songs of praise (puja) to his Goddess. He married Mata Khivi in January 1520 and had two sons (Dasu and Datu) and two daughters (Amro and Anokhi). The whole family of his father had left their ancestral village in fear of the invasion of Babar's armies. After this the family settled at Khadur Sahib, a village by the River Beas, near what is now Tarn Taran a small town about 25 km. from the city of Amritsar the Holiest site of the Sikhs. The city of Amritsar was later built on land given to the Sikh Guru's daughter as a wedding gift by the Emperor Akbar. One day, Bhai Lehna heard the recitation of a hymn of Guru Nanak Dev Ji from Bhai Jodha a neighbor who was a follower of the Guru. His mind was captured by the tune and while on his annual pilgrimage to Jwalamukhi Temple he asked his group if they would mind going to see the Guru. Everyone thought this most inappropriate and refused. Not one to shirk his responsibilities, he was after all the guide and leader of the group, how could he abandon them with thieves along the way. But man of honor and dharma that he was the poems and prayers (kirtan) of Nanak still held onto his every thought. So one night without telling anyone he mounted his horse and proceeded to the village now known as Kartarpur (God's city) to have his visit with Guru Nanak Dev Ji. As soon as he found the Guru he threw himself at Nanak's feet. His very first meeting with Guru Nanak Dev Ji completely transformed him. He dedicated himself to the service of Guru Nanak Dev Ji and so became his disciple (Sikh) and began to live in Kartarpur. His deep devotion and service to Guru Nanak Dev Ji was so intense that the Guru's family grew jealous. He was therefore sent by his new master back to his home to tend to his family and watch over the Guru's Sikhs in and around Khadur. After later returning to Kartarpur, he was given a series of tests of his obedience and service (one where he had to eat what appeared to the Guru's sons to be carrion, which only Lehna was willing to eat, which magically turned into the sweetest of foods) he was instated as the 2nd Guru, Guru Angad Dev Ji. Guru Nanak Dev Ji had touched him and renamed him Angad (part of the body) or the second Nanak on September 7, 1539. Before becoming the new Guru he had spent six or seven years in the service of Guru Nanak Dev Ji at Kartarpur. After the death of Guru Nanak Dev Ji on September 22, 1539, Guru Angad Dev Ji left Kartarpur for the village of Khadur Sahib (near Goindwal Sahib). He carried forward the principles of Guru Nanak Dev Ji both in letter and spirit. Yogis and Saints of different sects visited him and held detailed discussions about Sikhism with him. Guru Angad Dev Ji introduced a new alphabet known as Gurmukhi Script, modifying the old Punjabi Script's characters. Soon, this script became very popular and started to be used by the people in general. He took great interest in the education of children by opening many schools for their instruction and thus increased the number of literate people. For the youth he started the tradition of Mall Akhara, where physical as well as spiritual exercises were held. He collected the facts about Guru Nanak Dev Ji's life from Bhai Bala and wrote the first biography of Guru Nanak Dev Ji. He also wrote 63 Saloks (stanzas), which are included in the Guru Granth Sahib Ji. He popularised and expanded the institution of Guru ka Langar (the Guru's communal kitchen) that had been started by Guru Nanak Dev Ji. Guru Angad Dev Ji travelled widely and visited all important religious places and centres established by Guru Nanak Dev Ji for the preaching of Sikhism. He also established hundreds of new centres of Sikhism (Sikh religious Institutions) and thus strengthened the base of Sikhism. The period of his Guruship was the most crucial one. The Sikh community had moved from having a founder to a succession of Gurus and the infrastructure of Sikh society was strengthened and crystallised – from being an infant, Sikhism had moved to being a young child, ready to face the dangers that were around. During this phase, Sikhism established its own separate religious identity. Guru Angad Dev Ji, following the example set by Guru Nanak Dev Ji, nominated Sri Amar Das Ji as his successor (The Third Nanak) before his death. He presented all the holy scripts, including those he received from Guru Nanak Dev Ji, to Guru Amar Das Ji. He breathed his last on March 29, 1552 at the age of forty-eight. It is said that he started to build a new town, at Goindwal near Khadur Sahib and Guru Amar Das ji was appointed to supervise its construction. It is also said that the deposed Mughal Emperor Humayun (Babar's son), while being persued by Sher Shah Suri, came to obtain the blessings of Guru Angad Dev Ji in regaining the throne of Delhi.
- Guru Angad Dev war einer der zehn Gründer-Gurus des Sikhismus. Guru Angad Dev wurde am 31. März 1504 in Matae di Saran geboren. Im Alter von 15 Jahren heiratete er seine Frau Mata Khivi. Während seiner Ehe wurden ihm drei Kinder geboren, zwei Söhne und eine Tochter. Bevor er zum Sikhismus übertrat hieß er Lehna. Lehna war sehr religiös. Er wurde zum religiösen Führer in seinem Dorf, betete und tanzte für die Göttin Durga. Mit 28 Jahren traf er zum ersten mal Guru Nanak Dev, den Begründer der Sikhs. Voller Begeisterung für die neuen Thesen, diente er fünf Jahre bei ihm. Drei Monate bevor Guru Nanak starb, ernannte er Lehna zum zweiten Guru und gab ihm den Namen Angad Dev. Angad Dev übernahm und korrigierte nun die von Guru Nanak geschriebenen Texte und Lobeshymnen. Diese waren in Panjabi verfasst. So entstand eine völlig neue Sprache, bekannt als Gurmukhi (gesprochen aus des Gurus Mund). Nach zwölf Jahren und neun Monaten ernannte Angad Dev Amar Das zum dritten Guru der Sikhs.
- Guru Angad Dev (pandžabiksi ਗੁਰੂ ਅੰਗਦ ਦੇਵ) oli sikhiläisyyden toinen guru. Hänestä tuli guru 7. syyskuuta 1539 Guru Nanakin, sikhiläisyyden perustajan kuoleman jälkeen. Ennen tuloaan toiseksi Guruksi hänen nimensä oli Lehna. Ennen kuolemaansa hän nimitti seuraajakseen Guru Amar Dasin.
- Guru Angad (1504 - 1552) est le deuxième des dix Gurûs du sikhisme, premier successeur du premier maître spirituel des Sikhs, Gurû Nanak. Né au Penjab en 1504, il s'appelle d'abord Lehna. Il semble qu'il soit lui-même considéré comme un guide spirituel quand il rencontre l'enseignement de Guru Nanak, dont il devient un disciple dévoué. Celui-ci reconnaît en lui son successeur à la tête de la jeune communauté sikh, et la lui confie en 1539, le baptisant du nom d'Angad, "de ma propre chair" en pendjabi (de la racine sanskrite ang qui veut dire "partie du corps"), comme pour signifier que Guru Angad est un prolongement de Guru Nanak, et que c'est la même lumière et la même sagesse qui animent le corps des maîtres successifs, et qu'il n'y a pas de discontinuité dans l'enseignement. De là vient le fait que tous les successeurs de Guru Nanak parleront d'eux même en s'appelant Nanak. Dans la continuité de Guru Nanak, Guru Angad veut mettre l'enseignement spirituel à la portée de tous, par delà les différences de castes, de religions, d'ethnies, de sexes, et autres, qui compartimentent et hiérarchisent implacablement la société indienne médiévale. Or l'enseignement spirituel est alors aux mains de la caste la plus élevée, celle des brahmanes (clergé, lettrés), et n'est alors diffusé qu'en sanskrit, langue lue, comprise, et enseignée par eux seuls. Inspiré par Guru Nanak, qui composait sa poésie mystique dans les langues populaires, Guru Angad crée un nouvel alphabet, le Gurmukhî, simple et permettant de retranscrire toutes les sonorités linguistiques des langues populaires du nord de l'Inde, et rapidement vecteur d'un enseignement spirituel qui s'adresse à tous. Guru Angad insiste aussi sur la pratique du Seva, ou service désintéressé (auprès des pauvres et des malades notamment). Ses contributions au dharma Sikh sont illustrées par les 62 hymnes qu'il rédigea au cours de sa vie. Avant sa mort à Amritsar, il reconnaît comme successeur son disciple Gurû Amar Das qui devint ainsi le troisième guru des Sikhs.
- Nel 1538 fu scelto da Guru Nanak Dev come suo successore a discapito dei propri figli e da quel momento assunse il nome di Guru Angad Dev. Quando Babur invase il Punjab, Angad si spostò con la sua famiglia verso Amritsar. Guru Angad fu l'inventore della scrittura gurmukhi, sviluppata dagli antichi caratteri punjabi, e se ne servì per aumentare il grado di istruzione nella popolazione, favorendo anche l'apertura di nuove scuole per bambini. Prima di morire nominò Guru Amar Das come suo successore a capo della comunità sikh.
- Goeroe Aṅgad, ook bekend als Lehna of Lahina, was de tweede van de tien goeroes van het sikhisme. Aṅgad werd goeroe op 7 september 1539 en trad in de voetsporen van Goeroe Nanak, de stichter van het sikhisme. Onder Goeroe Angad werden de geloofsprincipes die onder Goeroe Nanak nog betrekkelijk vaag waren, preciezer vastgelegd. Hij pleitte onder meer voor de volledige overgave aan de Wil van God en de afkeuring van exhibitionisme en schijnheiligheid. Ook standaardiseerde hij het Gurmukhi-schrift. Onder Angad werden lokale scholen opgericht waarop in het Punjabi (de regionale taal in Punjab) in plaats van in het traditionele Sanskriet lesgegeven werd. Aṅgad zag het belang van een goede opleiding en benadrukte zijn ideaal van een heldere geest. Voordat hij stierf, benoemde hij Goeroe Amar Das tot zijn opvolger en derde goeroe van de sikhs.
- Ангад, гуру (1504—1552) — второй сикхский гуру, был лучшим учеником основателя сикхизма гуру Нанака, который назначил его своим преемником и дал это имя, хотя от рождения Ангад звался Лахина. В юности Лахина был ревностным шиваитом, ежегодно совершал паломничества в Гималаи. И уже в возрасте 28 лет, услышав гуру Нанака, остался с ним. В общине Нанака Ангад выделялся своим благочестием и скромностью, был любимым учеником гуру, который считал Ангада более достойным преемником, чем собственные сыновья. Став гуру в 1539, Ангад сохранил и развил заложенные Нанаком идеи и традиции. В своем религиозном центре в Кхадуре он проповедовал учение Нанака, лечил больных, учил детей грамоте. Ангад создал по всей Северной Индии манджи, вокруг которых создавались общины последователей гуру Нанака. Ангад, как считается в сикхской традиции, изобрел алфавит гурмукхи, священный для сикхов. Этим шрифтом он первый записал все гимны гуру Нанака. Считается также, что именно Ангад положил начало письменной литературе сикхов: при нем было составлено первое жизнеописание гуру Нанака «Бала Джанам сакхи». Ангад был талантливым поэтом, и сочиненные им 61 гимн также вошли позднее в «Ади Грантх».
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- Guru Angad Dev (31 March 1504 - 28 March 1552) was the second of the ten Sikh Gurus. Given the name Lehna shortly after his birth as was the custom of his Hindu parents, he was born in the village of Sarae Naga in Muktsar district in Punjab, on March 31, 1504, he was the son of a small successful trader named Pheru. His mother's name was Mata Ramo (also known as Mata Sabhirai, Mansa Devi and Daya kaur).
- Guru Angad Dev war einer der zehn Gründer-Gurus des Sikhismus. Guru Angad Dev wurde am 31. März 1504 in Matae di Saran geboren. Im Alter von 15 Jahren heiratete er seine Frau Mata Khivi. Während seiner Ehe wurden ihm drei Kinder geboren, zwei Söhne und eine Tochter. Bevor er zum Sikhismus übertrat hieß er Lehna. Lehna war sehr religiös. Er wurde zum religiösen Führer in seinem Dorf, betete und tanzte für die Göttin Durga.
- Guru Angad Dev (pandžabiksi ਗੁਰੂ ਅੰਗਦ ਦੇਵ) oli sikhiläisyyden toinen guru. Hänestä tuli guru 7. syyskuuta 1539 Guru Nanakin, sikhiläisyyden perustajan kuoleman jälkeen. Ennen tuloaan toiseksi Guruksi hänen nimensä oli Lehna. Ennen kuolemaansa hän nimitti seuraajakseen Guru Amar Dasin.
- Guru Angad (1504 - 1552) est le deuxième des dix Gurûs du sikhisme, premier successeur du premier maître spirituel des Sikhs, Gurû Nanak. Né au Penjab en 1504, il s'appelle d'abord Lehna. Il semble qu'il soit lui-même considéré comme un guide spirituel quand il rencontre l'enseignement de Guru Nanak, dont il devient un disciple dévoué.
- Nel 1538 fu scelto da Guru Nanak Dev come suo successore a discapito dei propri figli e da quel momento assunse il nome di Guru Angad Dev. Quando Babur invase il Punjab, Angad si spostò con la sua famiglia verso Amritsar. Guru Angad fu l'inventore della scrittura gurmukhi, sviluppata dagli antichi caratteri punjabi, e se ne servì per aumentare il grado di istruzione nella popolazione, favorendo anche l'apertura di nuove scuole per bambini.
- Goeroe Aṅgad, ook bekend als Lehna of Lahina, was de tweede van de tien goeroes van het sikhisme. Aṅgad werd goeroe op 7 september 1539 en trad in de voetsporen van Goeroe Nanak, de stichter van het sikhisme. Onder Goeroe Angad werden de geloofsprincipes die onder Goeroe Nanak nog betrekkelijk vaag waren, preciezer vastgelegd. Hij pleitte onder meer voor de volledige overgave aan de Wil van God en de afkeuring van exhibitionisme en schijnheiligheid.
- Ангад, гуру (1504—1552) — второй сикхский гуру, был лучшим учеником основателя сикхизма гуру Нанака, который назначил его своим преемником и дал это имя, хотя от рождения Ангад звался Лахина. В юности Лахина был ревностным шиваитом, ежегодно совершал паломничества в Гималаи.
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