The "Great Heathen Army", also known as the Great Army or the Great Danish Army, was a Viking army originating in Denmark which pillaged and conquered much of England in the late 9th century. The army was exceptionally large for the period, probably containing several thousand fighters. It consisted of various smaller groups which would rarely fight together, and sometimes targeted each other. The term "Great Heathen Army" was used by Anglo-Saxon chroniclers compiling the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.

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  • The "Great Heathen Army", also known as the Great Army or the Great Danish Army, was a Viking army originating in Denmark which pillaged and conquered much of England in the late 9th century. The army was exceptionally large for the period, probably containing several thousand fighters. It consisted of various smaller groups which would rarely fight together, and sometimes targeted each other. The term "Great Heathen Army" was used by Anglo-Saxon chroniclers compiling the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Much of the evidence for the army comes from these works, and as they start the year on September 1, many of the events associated with it are often said to have occurred what appears to be a year later. This article uses the Gregorian calendar throughout. The origins of the Army can be seen in the band of Viking warriors who attacked Paris in 845, and remained permanently in the region from 850, repeatedly sacking Rouen and various smaller towns. Having gained experience across Europe, the army arrived in Britain in late 865, landing in East Anglia. Under the command of Halfdan Ragnarsson and Ivar the Boneless, with the support of Ubbe Ragnarsson, it aimed to conquer and settle England. Norse Sagas consider the invasion a response to the death of their father, Ragnar Lodbrok, at the hands of Ælla of Northumbria in 865, but the historicity of this claim is uncertain. In late 866, it conquered the Kingdom of Northumbria, followed in 870 by the Kingdom of East Anglia. In 871, the Great Summer Army arrived from Scandinavia. This reinforced the Great Heathen Army, enabling it in 874 to conquer Mercia. The same year, a considerable section settled in the conquered territories, followed by a further section in 877. Halfdan moved north to attack the Picts, while Guthrum emerged as the war leader in the south, and in 876 they were joined by further forces and won the Battle of Wareham. However, Alfred the Great fought back and eventually won victory over the army at the Battle of Ethandun in 878, achieving the Treaty of Wedmore. The settlers from the army formed the Kingdom of York, which survived with several interruptions until the 950s.
  • Das „Große Heidnische Heer“ war eine Armee von Wikingern, die im späten 9. Jahrhundert, aus Dänemark kommend, einen Großteil Englands plünderten und eroberten. Das Heer war für damalige Verhältnisse außergewöhnlich groß und umfasste wahrscheinlich mehrere tausend Kämpfer. Es handelte sich nicht um eine Armee unter einheitlicher Führung, sondern eher um viele Gruppen, die meist getrennt voneinander vorgingen und sich auch teilweise gegenseitig bekämpften. Die englische Bezeichnung Great Heathen Army stammt aus der Angelsächsischen Chronik. Die wichtigsten geschichtlichen Erkenntnisse zu diesem Heer stammen aus diesem Werk. Die Ursprünge des Heeres sieht man in einer Gruppe von Wikingerkriegern, die 845 Paris angriffen und die sich ab 850 in dieser Region festsetzten, wo sie wiederholt Rouen plünderten. Spät im Jahr 865 landeten sie in East Anglia. Unter dem Kommando der Brüder Halfdan Ragnarsson und Ivar dem Knochenlosen sowie mit der Unterstützung ihres Bruders Ubba Ragnarsson versuchte es England zu erobern und Siedlungen zu schaffen. Auslöser könnte die Hinrichtung ihres Vaters Ragnar Lodbrok durch Aelle II. im Jahr 865 gewesen sein. 866 eroberten sie das angelsächsische Königreich Northumbria und 870 folgte East Anglia. 871 folgte Verstärkung in Form des Großen Sommerheeres aus Skandinavien. Das so weiter angewachsene Heer konnte 874 auch Mercia erobern. Gleichzeitig begannen die ersten Ansiedlungen in den eroberten Gebieten, ein zweiter Schub folgte 877. Halfdan zog nach Norden in den Krieg mit den Pikten, während sich der mit dem Großen Sommerheer gekommene Guthrum als Heerführer im Süden hervortat. 876 kamen erneut Truppenverstärkungen und so besiegten sie Alfred den Großen von Wessex in der Schlacht von Wareham. Alfred konnte jedoch im Anschluss die Schlacht von Eddington gewinnen und durch den Vertrag von Wedmore Frieden schließen. Die verbliebenen Siedler gründeten das Königreich Jorvik (York), das (mit Unterbrechungen) bis 950 Bestand hatte.
  • Le nom de « Grande Armée » fut donnée à une importante armée de Vikings du Danemark qui débarquèrent en Angleterre en 865 et qui y créèrent le royaume viking d'York.
  • La Grande armata danese fu un esercito vichingo proveniente dalla Danimarca che conquistò gran parte dell'Inghilterra nel tardo IX secolo. Comprendeva diverse migliaia di guerrieri, divisi in piccoli gruppi che di rado avrebbero combattuto insieme e spesso combatterono gli uni contro gli altri. Il termine di Grande armata danese fu usato per la prima volta dalla Cronaca anglosassone. L'origine di questa armata risiederebbe nella banda di guerrieri vichinghi che attaccò Parigi nell'845, restando poi in questa regione e devastando più volte Rouen e altre città più piccole. L'armata giunse in Inghilterra nell'865, sbarcando nell'Anglia orientale. Sotto il comando di Halfdan e Ivar Ragnarsson, col supporto di Ubbe, per conquistare e colonizzare l'Inghilterra. Quest'azione sarebbe stata la risposta all'uccisione del loro padre, Ragnar Lodbrok, per mano del re Aelle II di Northumbria nell'865. Nell'866 l'Armata conquistò il regno di Northumbria, e successivamente nell'870 il regno dell'Anglia orientale. Nell'871 una nuova armata (chiamata la Grande armata estiva) giunse dalla Scandinavia. Con questi rinforzi gli invasori riuscirono a conquistare nell'874 la Mercia. Negli anni successivi giunsero molti nuovi coloni. Halfdan mosse verso nord e attaccò i Pitti, mentre Guthrum si impose come signore della guerra nel sud e nell'876 i due, unite le forze, vinsero la battaglia di Wareham. Tuttavia, Alfredo il Grande combatté e sconfisse l'armata a Ethandun nell'878, scontro a cui seguì il Trattato di Wedmore. I coloni che erano giunti con l'armata diedero vita al regno di Jorvik, che, con alcune interruzioni, sopravvisse fino agli anni Cinquanta del X secolo.
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  • The "Great Heathen Army", also known as the Great Army or the Great Danish Army, was a Viking army originating in Denmark which pillaged and conquered much of England in the late 9th century. The army was exceptionally large for the period, probably containing several thousand fighters. It consisted of various smaller groups which would rarely fight together, and sometimes targeted each other. The term "Great Heathen Army" was used by Anglo-Saxon chroniclers compiling the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
  • Das „Große Heidnische Heer“ war eine Armee von Wikingern, die im späten 9. Jahrhundert, aus Dänemark kommend, einen Großteil Englands plünderten und eroberten. Das Heer war für damalige Verhältnisse außergewöhnlich groß und umfasste wahrscheinlich mehrere tausend Kämpfer. Es handelte sich nicht um eine Armee unter einheitlicher Führung, sondern eher um viele Gruppen, die meist getrennt voneinander vorgingen und sich auch teilweise gegenseitig bekämpften.
  • Le nom de « Grande Armée » fut donnée à une importante armée de Vikings du Danemark qui débarquèrent en Angleterre en 865 et qui y créèrent le royaume viking d'York.
  • La Grande armata danese fu un esercito vichingo proveniente dalla Danimarca che conquistò gran parte dell'Inghilterra nel tardo IX secolo. Comprendeva diverse migliaia di guerrieri, divisi in piccoli gruppi che di rado avrebbero combattuto insieme e spesso combatterono gli uni contro gli altri. Il termine di Grande armata danese fu usato per la prima volta dalla Cronaca anglosassone.
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  • Great Heathen Army
  • Großes Heidnisches Heer
  • Grande Armée (Viking)
  • Grande armata danese
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