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- Gottfried Arnold was a German Lutheran theologian and historian. Arnold was born at Annaberg, in Saxony, where his father was schoolmaster. In 1682 he went to the Gymnasium at Gera, and three years later to the University of Wittenberg. Here made a special study of theology and history, and afterwards, through the influence of Philip Jacob Spener, the father of pietism, became tutor in Quedlinburg. His first work, Die Erste Liebe zu Christo, appeared in 1696. It went through five editions before 1728, and gained the author a high reputation. In the year after its publication he was invited to Gießen as professor of church history. He disliked academic politics and academic life so much that he resigned in 1698, and returned to Wittenberg. The next year he began to publish his largest work, his Unparteyische Kirchen- und Ketzer-historie [i.e. , Impartial History of the Church and of Heresy] (Frankfurt, 1699-1700), two hefty volumes in which he showed more sympathy towards heresy than towards any established Church, or especially the clergy (cf. Otto Pfleiderer, Development of Theology, p. 277). In this major revision of church history, Arnold directed his sharpest criticism against those who wrote deeply biased apologetic "orthodox" histories instead of trying to understand where substantial religious differences actually came from. In his view, "heresy-making" was usually the defensive reaction of those in authority, rather than a true indictment of unconventional thinkers. He thought that the worst calamity in Church history was its establishment as the accepted and orthodox faith by the Roman Emperor Constantine in the fourth century. Arnold evinced a remarkable sympathy for a huge variety of "heretics. " This "Impartial History" exercised a wide influence on the German Enlightenment and won approval from such thinkers as Johann Wolfgang Goethe and Leo Tolstoy. His next work, Geheimniss der göttlichen Sophia, showed that he had developed a form of mysticism including a female image of wisdom (sophia) as a kind of divinity. Soon afterwards, however, his marriage and his acceptance of a pastorate marked a sharp change of views, and he produced a number of noteworthy works on practical theology. He was a thoroughly learned and prominent Pietist Lutheran, with a wide range of influence, and at least in his early career a radical Pietist, vehemently opposed to the unbending ecclesiastical structures of his time. His hymns also made a substantial contribution to the treasury of hymns within the Lutheran church, and a poem used by Johann Sebastian Bach ("Vergiss mein nicht" BWV 505). This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The article is available here:
- Gottfried Arnold war ein deutscher pietistischer Theologe, der vor allem als Verfasser der Unparteyischen Kirchen-und Ketzer-Historie bekannt ist, die die Geschichte der christlichen Kirche als Verfallsgeschichte deutet.
- Teologo pietista e luterano, fu storico della chiesa e delle eresie. Il suo capolavoro, la Unparteyische Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historie, Frankfurt am Main, 1699 (Storia imparziale delle Chiese e degli eretici), ammirato e citato ancora nel XX secolo sia da Ernst Bloch sia da Piero Martinetti (Gesù Cristo e il Cristianesimo, Milano, Edizioni della Rivista di Filosofia, 1934) tentò di mostrare come la verità cristiana vada rintracciata tra eretici, scismatici, settari e mistici anziché nelle grandi confessioni ortodosse. Pur limitandosi a "capovolgere", per così dire, la storia della chiesa, di modo che le concezioni degli eretici e, in particolare, dei mistici si vedono riconosciute come le uniche vere, il suo libro "non confessionale" (in questo senso va letto Unparteyische) ebbe notevoli influenze sugli studi eresiologici di Joham Lorenz Mosheim (Ketzergeschichte, 1746-1748), Johann Georg Walch, Ferdinand Christian Baur, Adolf von Harnack, Adolf Hilgenfeld. Secondo Arnold "il mistero dell'Anticristo" ha principio il giorno in cui Costantino volle "unificare le due cose più constrastanti fra loro, il governo divino e quello del diavolo, come se Cristo e Belial potessero divenire tra loro buoni amici". Da quel giorno la responsabilità, ricordata da Max Weber nella sua Sociologia della religione, per la quies fidelium che "ogni istituzione universalistica di grazia sente di fronte a dio per le anime di tutti gli uomini e che l'autorizza a contrapporsi anche con una violenza priva di scrupoli a chi induce all'errore in questioni di fede", si impasta inevitabilmente, e corposamente, con l'interesse per la tranquillità di un sistema di potere e con il timore connesso allo stato di salute dell'istituzione, più che non alla "quiete dei fedeli" in essa raccolti.
- Gottfried Arnold född 5 september 1666, död 30 maj 1714. Kyrkohistoriker. Professor i Giessen och superintendent i Perleburg, Preussen. Författare. Mest känd för eftervärlden är han som författare till "radikalpietismens bibel", den monumentala Opartiska kyrko- och kättarhistoriken (Unparteyische Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historie) från 1699-1700. I svenska psalmboken 1937 representerad genom Nils Ahnlunds översättning (1936) av de fyra verserna till psalm 347 Seger giv, du segerrike. Psalmen medtagen i 1986 års psalmbok med alla verserna under nummer 568. Arnold skrev texten 1697 till den i Stockholm verksamme organisten Gustaf Düben d. ä. :s melodi från 1674.
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- Gottfried Arnold was a German Lutheran theologian and historian. Arnold was born at Annaberg, in Saxony, where his father was schoolmaster. In 1682 he went to the Gymnasium at Gera, and three years later to the University of Wittenberg. Here made a special study of theology and history, and afterwards, through the influence of Philip Jacob Spener, the father of pietism, became tutor in Quedlinburg. His first work, Die Erste Liebe zu Christo, appeared in 1696.
- Gottfried Arnold war ein deutscher pietistischer Theologe, der vor allem als Verfasser der Unparteyischen Kirchen-und Ketzer-Historie bekannt ist, die die Geschichte der christlichen Kirche als Verfallsgeschichte deutet.
- Teologo pietista e luterano, fu storico della chiesa e delle eresie.
- Gottfried Arnold född 5 september 1666, död 30 maj 1714. Kyrkohistoriker. Professor i Giessen och superintendent i Perleburg, Preussen. Författare. Mest känd för eftervärlden är han som författare till "radikalpietismens bibel", den monumentala Opartiska kyrko- och kättarhistoriken (Unparteyische Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historie) från 1699-1700. I svenska psalmboken 1937 representerad genom Nils Ahnlunds översättning (1936) av de fyra verserna till psalm 347 Seger giv, du segerrike.
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