Glare is difficulty seeing in the presence of bright light such as direct or reflected sunlight or artificial light such as car headlamps at night. Because of this, some cars include mirrors with automatic anti-glare functions. Glare is caused by a significant ratio of luminance between the task (that which is being looked at) and the glare source. Factors such as the angle between the task and the glare source and eye adaptation have significant impacts on the experience of glare.

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  • Glare is difficulty seeing in the presence of bright light such as direct or reflected sunlight or artificial light such as car headlamps at night. Because of this, some cars include mirrors with automatic anti-glare functions. Glare is caused by a significant ratio of luminance between the task (that which is being looked at) and the glare source. Factors such as the angle between the task and the glare source and eye adaptation have significant impacts on the experience of glare. Glare can be generally divided into two types, discomfort glare and disability glare. Discomfort glare results in an instinctive desire to look away from a bright light source or difficulty in seeing a task. Disability glare renders the task impossible to view, such as when driving westward at sunset. Disability glare is often caused by the inter-reflection of light within the eyeball, reducing the contrast between task and glare source to the point where the task cannot be distinguished. Glare can reduce visibility by: reduction of brightness of the rest of the scene by constriction of the pupils reduction in contrast of the rest of the scene by scattering of the bright light within the eye. reduction in contrast by scattering light in particles in the air, as when the headlights of a car lights up the fog close to the vehicle, impeding vision at larger distance. reduction in contrast between print and paper by reflection of the light source in the printed matter (veiling glare). reduction in contrast by reflection of bright areas on the surface of a transparent medium as glass, plastic or water; for example when the sky is reflected in a lake, so that the bottom below or objects in the water cannot be seen (veiling glare). Sunglasses are often worn to reduce glare; polarized sunglasses are designed to reduce glare caused by light reflected from non-metallic surfaces such as water, glossy printed matter or painted surfaces.
  • Vyskytují-li se v zorném poli oka příliš velké jasy, jejich rozdíly nebo prostorové či časové kontrasty jasů, které překračují adaptabilitu zraku, vzniká oslnění. Při oslnění nastává ztížená činnost zrakového systému. Oslnění můžeme rozdělit na oslnění přímé či odrazem. Mezi další typy oslnění můžeme řadit: přechodové oslnění, ke kterému dochází při náhlé změně adaptačního jasu, či závojové, ke kterému dochází, je-li před pozorovaným pozadím prostředí s vyšším jasem (např. při mlze před světlomety). Dalším typem je oslnění kontrastem způsobené tím, že se v zorném poli vyskytnou jasy příliš vysoké v porovnání s jasem, na který je zrak adaptován.
  • グレア (glare、眩輝) とは、不快感や物の見えづらさを生じさせるような「まぶしさ」のことをいう。ある光の状態がグレアとなりうるか否かは、周辺の総合的な環境と個々人の生理的状態で決まる。光源とその周辺との明るさのバランスや、直接光・間接光の別、視線の方向と光源のなす角度などにも依存する。また、同じ光環境、同じ位置であっても、観察者の特性によってグレアとして受け取られるか否かは異なる。特に高齢者はグレアを感じ易く、また不快感から回復するのに要する時間も長い傾向にある。 グレアは、程度によっては単なる不快感にとどまらず、眼の障害や、状況把握能力の急な低下による事故などにもつながるため、照明器具の設計や照明計画などにおいては、グレアを防ぐことが必須となる。国・地域によっては、道路交通や照明設計に関して、グレア防止のための法規が整備されている。たとえばヨーロッパでは「輝度制限法」によって照明器具の輝度が制限されている。 なお、グレアは光害という概念とも一部共通するが、「光害」が主に公共性の面での問題として捉えられるのに対し、「グレア」はより工学的な問題として捉えられる。
  • Блик — элемент светоте́ни — световое пятно на ярко освещённой выпуклой или плоской глянцевой поверхности. Возникает вследствие зеркального или зеркально-диффузного отражения яркого источника света, чаще всего солнца, на предмете. Также бликом называют яркие пятна на фотографии, возникшие вследствие переотражения света в линзах объектива.
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  • Glare is difficulty seeing in the presence of bright light such as direct or reflected sunlight or artificial light such as car headlamps at night. Because of this, some cars include mirrors with automatic anti-glare functions. Glare is caused by a significant ratio of luminance between the task (that which is being looked at) and the glare source. Factors such as the angle between the task and the glare source and eye adaptation have significant impacts on the experience of glare.
  • Vyskytují-li se v zorném poli oka příliš velké jasy, jejich rozdíly nebo prostorové či časové kontrasty jasů, které překračují adaptabilitu zraku, vzniká oslnění. Při oslnění nastává ztížená činnost zrakového systému. Oslnění můžeme rozdělit na oslnění přímé či odrazem.
  • Блик — элемент светоте́ни — световое пятно на ярко освещённой выпуклой или плоской глянцевой поверхности. Возникает вследствие зеркального или зеркально-диффузного отражения яркого источника света, чаще всего солнца, на предмете.
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  • Glare (vision)
  • Oslnění
  • グレア
  • Блик
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