Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq (real name Ghazi Malik; died in 1325), founder and first ruler (1320–25) of the Turkic Muslim Tughluq dynasty in India. He has been the founder of the third city of Delhi called Tughluqabad. About the close of his reign Alauddin Khilji had prepared an expedition of 10,000 men under Ghazi Malik to go to Debalpur to fight with the Chagatai Khanate Mongols.

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  • Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq (real name Ghazi Malik; died in 1325), founder and first ruler (1320–25) of the Turkic Muslim Tughluq dynasty in India. He has been the founder of the third city of Delhi called Tughluqabad. About the close of his reign Alauddin Khilji had prepared an expedition of 10,000 men under Ghazi Malik to go to Debalpur to fight with the Chagatai Khanate Mongols. Ghazi Malik was thus enabled to go and secure Multan, Uch and Sindh for himself, especially as Aláuddín’s sons proved incapable and caused confusion in the affairs of the kingdom, which ultimately took away the kingdom, from the possession of the house of Khiljí. Alauddin Khilji’s son Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah was a mad man and was soon removed from the throne of Dehli by the hand of a murderer. The nobles of the state then put Khusro Khan on the throne. But Khusro Khan began to bestow undue favors on mischievous people and to waste public money. The Hindus began to join him in large number. Seeing this state of things, Ghazi Malik’s son Fakhr Malik left Multan secretly and joined his father, informing him of what was happening at Delhi. Then, father and son, being both brave soldiers, collected the forces of Sindh and Multan and hastened to Delhi to help the Muslims against the Hindus. Arriv­ing near Delhi with 3,000 veteran soldiers, they engaged in battle with the army of Khusro Khan, and defeated them. Then making their way into Delhi they again defeated Khusro Khan in battle and he fled away. About midnight the ministers and the headmen of the place came to Ghazi Malak and his son in their camp and gave up the keys of the fort. Early in the morning Ghazi Malik entered the city with all the pomp and glory of a King. Then he went into mourning for 3 days for the death of Alauddin Khilji and his son Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah. After these ceremonies were over he issued a proclamation with the view of finding out any member of the family of those princes in order that he might put him on the throne of Delhi. But as no such person could be found on search, the nobles, the troops, the learned men, the Syeds and other subjects united in selecting Ghazi Malik for the vacant post, as it was he who had removed all the cause of quarrel and disturbance in the country. Thus in the year 720 A.H. Ghazi Malik was crowned as the Sultan of Delhi with the title of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq and his son Fakhr Malik was given the title of Muhammad Shah Tughluq. When, soon after this, Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq proceeded from Multan to Delhi, the tribe of Soomro revolted and took possession of Thatta. Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq appointed Tajuddin Malik as governor of Multan and Khwájah Khatír as governor of Bhakkar and he left Malik Ali Sher in charge of Sehwan. In 723 A.H. , he appointed his son Muhammad Shah his heir and successor and took a written promise or agreement to the arrangement from the ministers and nobles of the state. In 725 A.H. he died of heat apoplexy. He had established himself as a great ruler. He removed corrupt officials from his administration. He reformed the judiciary and all existing police departments. He also reduced the land revenue to 1/10th of the produce. He was an efficient administrator and a capable military commander. He introduced a number of reforms for his welfare of his subjects and suppressed revolts in distant provinces. He restored peace and stability in the Delhi Sultanate. Ghiyath al-Din was succeeded by his son Muhammad bin Tughluq.
  • Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq (pers. ‏غیاث الدین تغلق‎; auch Ghiyath-al-din Tughluq; eigentlicher Name Ghazi Malik Tughluq; † 1325) war der Gründer und erste Herrscher der türkischen Tughluq-Dynastie im Sultanat von Delhi. Er gründete auch die Hauptstadt Tughluqabad, die dritte von insgesamt sieben historischen Städten auf dem Gebiet des heutigen Delhi. Ghiyas-ud-din war der Sohn eines türkischen Sklaven, der am Hofe Balbans (regierte 1266 bis 1286) gedient hatte, und einer Inderin aus der Gemeinschaft der Jat. 1320 erhob er sich gegen die Herrschaft Khusrau Khans, der kurz zuvor den letzten Khilji-Sultan Qutb-ud-din Mubarak Shah ermordet hatte. Nachdem er an die Macht gelangt war, senkte er die Steuern und förderte die Landwirtschaft. Kriege gegen Bengalen und Warangal stärkten die Macht des Sultanats. Ghiyas-ud-din starb 1325. Nachfolger wurde sein Sohn Muhammad bin Tughluq.
  • Tughluk Shah I (Ghiyath al-Din Tughluk I, urdú غیاث الدین تغلق, nom real Ghazi Malik) fou el fundador i primer sultà de la dinastia tughlúquida. Va fundar també la ciutat de Tughluqabad. Era un turc karawna emigrat de Khurasan i que havia passat al servei de la dinastia khalji (khaldji). El 1306 fou nomenat governador de Dipalpur i va demostrar bones dots de comandament i administració. Com a governant d'una província de frontera amb els Il-khans va defensar el territori efectivament i va fer dues expedicions a Kabul i a Gazni. Va agafar considerable prestigi. El 1320 el general Nasr ad-Din Khusraw Khan Barwari va matar al sultà Kutb ad-Din Mubarak Shah I Khalji (1316-1320) i a tots els prínceps de la dinastia, i va usurpar el tron fent apostasia del islam per obtenir el suport dels hindús, ja que era d'una casta inferior hindú i no el podia obtenir fàcilment; els governadors musulmans desconeixen els fets de Delhi, no es van oposar però Ghazi Malik es va revoltar i va cridar a la guerra santa dirigint la seva crida a sis governadors de la zona occidental, dels quals un se li va unir i dos més que no van voler foren assassinats per les seves tropes que van entrar a la revolta; un quart governador va haver d'unir-se a la rebel·lió sota pressió de les seves tropes revoltades. Després de tres victòries successives de l'exèrcit rebel sobre Khusraw Khan, la lluita es va acabar amb la captura i execució d'aquest. Ghazi Malik va esdevenir el senyor del país sense oposició i l'assemblea (jamaa) de nobles li va oferir la corona, que inicialment va refusar però al final va acceptar agafant el títol de Ghiyath al-Din. Un afer religiós que amoïnava en aquell temps era que els sufites de la secta čishtiyya tenien el costum d'escoltar sama (música) cosa que es veia incompatible amb el islam. Un congrés d'ulemes i sufites va decidir finalment limitar la sama entre els čishti. Va restaurar l'economia de l'estat i va haver de confiscar els jagirs concedits pels seus predecessors. Altres mesures foren impopulars com l'apropiació de terres concedides des de feia molts anys i de pensions de l'exèrcit. Els terratinents van veure reduïdes les seves terres de manera que podien subsistir però no es produïa una gran acumulació de riquesa. La taxa es va rebaixar al 10% del producte. Entre 1322 i 1323 el seu fill Djawna Khan (conegut també com Ulugh Khan) que fou després el sultà Muhammad Shah II Tughluk (1325-1351) va sotmetre al raja kakitay rebel de Warangal, Prataparuvadeva II, va annexionar el regne Pandya de Madura, va envair Jajnagar i va fer incursions fins a Orissa. El 1324 el mateix sultà va dirigir una expedició en la que va annexionar part de Bengala (aprofitant una guerra civil allí) i va posar a la resta sota autoritat de Nasir al-Din com a vassall. Quan va tornar de Bengala el 1325 va morir a causa de l' ensorrament d'un pavelló construït sobre la marxa per orde del seu fill, en el que s'havien aturat per descansar els elefants quan venien d'un banquet. El seu fill el va succeir sense problema, tot i que historiadors posteriors han pensat que fou culpable voluntari de la mort del seu pare. La complicitat en la mort del cortesà i místic čishti Nizam al-Din Awliya no té prou elements per considerar-la com un fet.
  • Ghazi Malik est sultan de Delhi sous le nom de Ghiyath al-Din Tughlûq du 6 septembre 1320 à sa mort en 1325. Il est le fondateur de la Dynastie des Tughlûq qui règne sur le sultanat de Delhi de 1321 à 1398. Né de père turc et de mère indienne, c'est un militaire accompli et un administrateur consciencieux. Il est nommé gouverneur des provinces frontières. Après l'assassinat de Mubârak et la prise de pouvoir par son favori d’origine hindou Khusrav Khan en avril 1320, il prend la tête de la révolte des nobles musulmans et entre triomphalement dans Delhi le 6 septembre 1320. Il est couronné sultan le 6 ou le 7 septembre suivant. Pieux musulman, il rend la cour de Delhi très austère. Il remet de l’ordre dans les finances et l’administration, développe l’agriculture, fait creuser des canaux, mais maintient l’oppression de l’administration musulmane sur le peuple hindou, qu’il laisse à un niveau de prospérité raisonnable par une pression fiscale calculée. En 1325, il soumet les révoltes du Gujerat et du Bengale puis meurt à son retour d’un « accident » causé par la chute d’un arc de triomphe de bois posé par son fils Jauna. Ce dernier se proclame sultan sous le nom de Muhammad ibn Tughluq.
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  • 1320–1325
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  • Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq (real name Ghazi Malik; died in 1325), founder and first ruler (1320–25) of the Turkic Muslim Tughluq dynasty in India. He has been the founder of the third city of Delhi called Tughluqabad. About the close of his reign Alauddin Khilji had prepared an expedition of 10,000 men under Ghazi Malik to go to Debalpur to fight with the Chagatai Khanate Mongols.
  • Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq (pers. ‏غیاث الدین تغلق‎; auch Ghiyath-al-din Tughluq; eigentlicher Name Ghazi Malik Tughluq; † 1325) war der Gründer und erste Herrscher der türkischen Tughluq-Dynastie im Sultanat von Delhi. Er gründete auch die Hauptstadt Tughluqabad, die dritte von insgesamt sieben historischen Städten auf dem Gebiet des heutigen Delhi.
  • Tughluk Shah I (Ghiyath al-Din Tughluk I, urdú غیاث الدین تغلق, nom real Ghazi Malik) fou el fundador i primer sultà de la dinastia tughlúquida. Va fundar també la ciutat de Tughluqabad. Era un turc karawna emigrat de Khurasan i que havia passat al servei de la dinastia khalji (khaldji). El 1306 fou nomenat governador de Dipalpur i va demostrar bones dots de comandament i administració.
  • Ghazi Malik est sultan de Delhi sous le nom de Ghiyath al-Din Tughlûq du 6 septembre 1320 à sa mort en 1325. Il est le fondateur de la Dynastie des Tughlûq qui règne sur le sultanat de Delhi de 1321 à 1398. Né de père turc et de mère indienne, c'est un militaire accompli et un administrateur consciencieux. Il est nommé gouverneur des provinces frontières.
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  • Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq
  • Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq Shah I.
  • Tughluk Shah I
  • Ghiyath al-Din Tughlûq
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