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- George Robins Gliddon (1809–1857) was an American Egyptologist, born in Devonshire, England. His father, a merchant, was United States consul at Alexandria where Gliddon was taken at an early age. He became United States vice-consul, and took a great interest in Egyptian antiquities. Subsequently he lectured in the United States and succeeded in attracting attention to the subject of Egyptology. In 1857, he died in Panama. Gliddon's chief work was Ancient Egypt (1850, ed. 1853). He wrote also Memoir on the Cotton of Egypt (1841); Appeal to the Antiquaries of Europe on the Destruction of the Monuments of Egypt (1841); Discourses on Egyptian Archaeology (1841); Types of Mankind (1854), in conjunction with J. C. Nott; and Indigenous Races of the Earth (1857), also in conjunction with Nott and others. Gliddon was influenced by the racial theories of Samuel George Morton (1799–1851), one of the inspirators of physical anthropology. Morton collected hundreds of human skulls from around the world and tried to classify them. Influenced by the common racist theories of his time, Morton claimed that he could judge the intellectual capacity of a race by the cranial capacity (the measure of the volume of the interior of the skull). A large skull meant a large brain and high intellectual capacity, and a small skull indicated a small brain and decreased intellectual capacity. By studying these skulls he decided at what point Caucasians stopped being Caucasian, and at what point Negroes began. Morton had many skulls from ancient Egypt, and concluded that the ancient Egyptians were not African, but were instead Caucasians. Stephen Jay Gould (1941–2002), an American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist and historian of science, studied from a historical perspective these craniometric works in The Mismeasure of Man (1981) and concluded that Morton had fudged data and "overpacked" the skulls with filler in order to justify his racist opinions. Other historical studies alleging a black-white difference in brain size include Paul Broca, 1873, Bean (1906), Mall, (1909), Pearl, (1934) and Vint (1934). Morton's followers, particularly Gliddon and Josiah Nott in their monumental tribute to Morton's work, Types of Mankind (1854), carried Morton's ideas further and claimed that his findings supported the notion of polygenism, which contends that humanity originates from different lineages and is the ancestor of the multiregional hypothesis. Morton had been reluctant to espouse polygenism because it was a major challenge to the biblical account of creation. Charles Darwin opposed Nott and Glidon's polygenist — and creationists — arguments in his 1871 The Descent of Man, arguing for a monogenism of the species. Darwin conceived the common origin of all humans as essential for evolutionary theory. The book by Gliddon and Nott,Types of Mankind or Ethnological Research popularized the polygenist theory of separate origins for various races of humans. Darwin cited its arguments in The Descent of Man as an example of those classing the races of man as separate species; Darwin disagreed and, instead concluded that humanity is one species.
- George Robin Gliddon war ein britisch-amerikanischer Ägyptologe und Rassentheoretiker. George Gliddon wuchs als Sohn eines englischen Kaufmanns in Alexandria auf. Als junger Mann wurde er vom ägyptischen Vizekönig Muhammad Ali Pascha in die Vereinigten Staaten geschickt, um Informationen über den Baumwollanbau zu sammeln. Dort traf er Samuel Morton, der glaubte, dass die Gehirne schwarzer Menschen kleiner als die weißer Menschen seien. Nach seiner Rückkehr suchte er Mumien in ägyptische Ruinen, um Beweise zur Unterstützung von Mortons Theorie zu finden. Als Nebenprodukt seiner Mumiensuche lernte er so viel über die ägyptische Zivilisation dass er in den 1840er Jahren in den USA Vorträge über Ägyptologie halten konnte. Im Jahr 1850 wickelte Gliddon in Boston im Rahmen dreier Vorträgen eine Mumie aus von der er annahm, dass es sich um die Tochter eines Priesters handelte. Nachdem er in den ersten beiden Vorträgen die äußeren Lagen abgewickelt hatte, legte er im dritten Vortrag vor 2000 Zuschauern die Mumie selbst frei. Da es sich offensichtlich um eine männliche Mumie handelte war sein Ruf als Ägyptologe ruiniert. Das Ereignis weckte das Interesse von Edgar Allan Poe, der Gliddon in seiner Kurzgeschichte Gespräch mit einer Mumie verewigte. Nach seinem Misserfolg als Ägyptologe wandte sich Gliddon verstärkt der Rassentheorie zu. Später arbeitete er für die Honduras Interoceanic Railway Company in Südamerika. Am 16. November 1857 starb Gliddon in einem Hotel in Panama. Als Grund wird eine Überdosis Opium angenommen.
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- George Robins Gliddon (1809–1857) was an American Egyptologist, born in Devonshire, England. His father, a merchant, was United States consul at Alexandria where Gliddon was taken at an early age. He became United States vice-consul, and took a great interest in Egyptian antiquities. Subsequently he lectured in the United States and succeeded in attracting attention to the subject of Egyptology. In 1857, he died in Panama. Gliddon's chief work was Ancient Egypt (1850, ed. 1853).
- George Robin Gliddon war ein britisch-amerikanischer Ägyptologe und Rassentheoretiker. George Gliddon wuchs als Sohn eines englischen Kaufmanns in Alexandria auf. Als junger Mann wurde er vom ägyptischen Vizekönig Muhammad Ali Pascha in die Vereinigten Staaten geschickt, um Informationen über den Baumwollanbau zu sammeln. Dort traf er Samuel Morton, der glaubte, dass die Gehirne schwarzer Menschen kleiner als die weißer Menschen seien.
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