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- Franklin Delano Roosevelt fou president dels Estats Units. Al 1905 es casà amb la neboda del president Theodore Roosevelt, Eleanor Roosevelt, amb qui tingué sis fills. Membre del partit demòcrata, fou senador de l'Estat de Nova York. i secretari adjunt de la marina. Un atac de poliomielitis el deixà paralític de mig cos. Governador de l'estat de Nova York, enfrontà la depressió de 1929 amb mesures econòmiques intervencionistes. Elegit president dels Estats Units (1932), fou reelegit ininterrompudament fins a la seva mort.
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt byl americký politik a 32. prezident USA v letech 1933–1945. Zastával svůj úřad nejdéle ze všech amerických prezidentů a byl jediným, který byl zvolen do svého úřadu více než dvakrát (zvolen byl čtyřikrát). Patří mezi nejdůležitější osobnosti historie 20. století.
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt [ˈfɹæŋklɪn ˈdɛlənoʊ ˈɹoʊzəvɛlt] war von 1933 bis zu seinem Tod 1945 der 32. Präsident der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika. Er war Kandidat der Demokratischen Partei und wurde nach seiner ersten Amtszeit dreimal wiedergewählt – er ist damit der einzige Präsident der USA, der länger als zwei Wahlperioden amtierte. Aufgrund der kritischen außenpolitischen Lage, bedingt durch den Ausbruch des Zweiten Weltkrieges, entschied sich Roosevelt, für eine dritte und vierte Amtszeit zu kandidieren, und setzte sich somit über die von George Washington eingeführte freiwillige Selbstbeschränkung hinweg. Erst seit einer Verfassungsergänzung (22nd Amendment to the U.S. Constitution) im Jahre 1947 gibt es seit 1951 eine formale Begrenzung auf zwei Amtszeiten. Roosevelt ist auf der Rückseite des US-Dime abgebildet.
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt, also known by his initials, FDR, was the 32nd President of the United States (1933–1945) and a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war. The only American president elected to more than two terms, he facilitated a durable coalition that realigned American politics for decades. With the bouncy popular song "Happy Days Are Here Again" as his campaign theme, FDR defeated incumbent Republican Herbert Hoover in November 1932, at the depth of the Great Depression. FDR's persistent optimism and activism contributed to a renewal of the national spirit, reflecting his victory over paralytic illness to become the longest serving president in U.S. history. He worked closely with Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin in leading the Allies against Germany and Japan in World War II, but died just as victory was in sight. In his first hundred days in office, which began March 4, 1933, Roosevelt spearheaded major legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal—a variety of programs designed to produce relief (government jobs for the unemployed), recovery (economic growth), and reform (through regulation of Wall Street, banks and transportation). The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937, but then relapsed into a deep recession. The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his packing the Supreme Court or passing any considerable legislation; it abolished many of the relief programs when unemployment diminished during World War II. Most of the regulations on business were ended about 1975–85, except for the regulation of Wall Street by the Securities and Exchange Commission, which still exists. Along with several smaller programs, major surviving programs include the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which was created in 1933, and Social Security, which Congress passed in 1935. As World War II loomed after 1938, with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggressions of Nazi Germany, FDR gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China and the United Kingdom, while remaining officially neutral. His goal was to make America the "Arsenal of Democracy" which would supply munitions to the Allies. In March 1941, Roosevelt, with Congressional approval, provided Lend-Lease aid to the countries fighting against Nazi Germany with Britain. With very strong national support he made war on Japan and Germany after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, calling it a "date which will live in infamy". He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the Allied war effort. As an active military leader, Roosevelt implemented an overall war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers and the development of the world's first atom bomb. In 1942 Roosevelt ordered the Army to intern 100,000 Japanese American civilians in camps in the inland West, away from the Pacific coast. Unemployment dropped to 2%, relief programs largely ended, and the industrial economy grew rapidly to new heights as millions of people moved to new jobs in war centers, and 16 million men and 300,000 women were drafted or volunteered for military service. Roosevelt dominated the American political scene, not only during the twelve years of his presidency, but for decades afterward. He orchestrated the realignment of voters that created the Fifth Party System. FDR's New Deal Coalition united labor unions, big city machines, white ethnics, African Americans and rural white Southerners. Roosevelt's diplomatic impact also resonated on the world stage long after his death, with the United Nations and Bretton Woods as examples of his administration's wide-ranging impact. Roosevelt is consistently rated by scholars as one of the top three U.S. Presidents. A liberal Democrat, Roosevelt defined his ideological position as "a little left of center" and also called his cabinet "slightly to the left of center".
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt /ˈfræŋklɪn ˈdelənoʊ ˈroʊzəˌvəlt/ fue un político, diplomático y abogado estadounidense, que alcanzó a ejercer como el trigésimo segundo Presidente de los Estados Unidos y ha sido el único en ganar cuatro elecciones presidenciales en esa nación. De filiación demócrata, inició su carrera política desde muy joven al ganar un escaño en el Senado del Estado de Nueva York y luego pasando a desempeñarse como Secretario de Marina, formando así parte del comité conjunto que constituye a la denominada Secretaría de Defensa de Estados Unidos, posición desde la cual asumió de facto prácticamente todas las funciones, ejerciendo una supremacía respecto a la rama de las Fuerzas Armadas de Estados Unidos, denominada como la Armada de los Estados Unidos, y ejerciendo influencia directa sobre los Marines, la Guardia Costera y en general sobre muchas otras funciones dentro la Secretaría de Defensa, al punto de que durante prácticamente todo su mandato, él ejerció plenitud de facultades al respecto, por encima del Secretario de la Defensa de entonces, quien cumplía apenas con las formalidades y protocolos. Su brillante carrera política se vio interrumpida por su padecimiento de polio que le significó quedar parcialmente paralítico. Como resultado de esto, Roosevelt se apartó de la escena pública por un tiempo, siendo para muchos este el fin de una brillante carrera, e inclusive, la gran mayoría de las personalidades en la política estadounidense, dieron por sentado que el brillante heredero de la Dinastía Roosevelt, no volvería jamás a la política. La creencia de que no volvería a retornar a la política, se vio desmentida cuando un renovado (aunque aún afectado por la polio) Roosevelt, salió de su retiro para postularse al cargo de Gobernador de Nueva York, ganando la elección con un impresionante éxito, luego de lo cual buscó la nominación demócrata en 1932 para la Presidencia de los Estados Unidos, obteniéndola con bastante facilidad y lanzando así su candidatura. Su campaña resultó un éxito y Roosevelt fue electo Presidente, cargo para el cual se postularía nuevamente en 1936, 1940 y 1944, ganando en todas ellas, ejerciendo así la presidencia durante un período seguido de más de 12 años, que habrían sido 16, si no fuese por su repentina muerte, en 1945, durante el primer año de su último mandato, falleciendo sobre su escritorio, mientras trabajaba. Siendo el único presidente capaz de haber conseguido la reelección tres veces seguidas y por lo tanto disponiendo de cuatro mandatos constitucionales, ocupa la posición de ser el presidente más longevo de la Historia de Estados Unidos.
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt tunnettiin lyhenteellä FDR, oli Yhdysvaltojen 32. presidentti. Hän kuului Yhdysvaltain demokraattiseen puolueeseen. Hän on Yhdysvaltojen historian ainoa presidentti, joka on valittu virkaansa useammaksi kuin kahdeksi kaudeksi, mikä perustuslakiin myöhemmin tehdyn lisäyksen mukaan ei nykyisin enää olisi mahdollistakaan. Roosevelt valmistui Harvardin yliopistosta 1904. 1905 hän meni naimisiin kaukaisen serkkunsa, Anna Eleanor Rooseveltin kanssa, joka oli Theodore Rooseveltin suosikkiveljentytär. Rooseveltin optimismi ja aktivisuus osaltaan edisti kansallista henkeä.
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt, né le 30 janvier 1882 à Hyde Park, dans l’État de New York, et mort le 12 avril 1945 à Warm Springs, dans l’État de Géorgie, est un homme d'État américain, trente-deuxième président des États-Unis. Figure centrale du XX siècle, il fut le seul président américain à être élu à quatre reprises. Il ne fit qu'entamer son quatrième mandat, emporté par la maladie quelques mois après le début de celui-ci. Confronté à la Grande Dépression, Roosevelt mit en œuvre le New Deal, un programme de relance de l’économie et de lutte contre le chômage. Il réforma le système bancaire américain, et fonda la Sécurité sociale. Il créa de nombreuses agences gouvernementales telles que la Works Progress Administration, la National Recovery Administration ou l’Agricultural Adjustment Administration. Il réussit à élaborer un nouveau mode de présidence, plus interventionniste et plus actif grâce à son équipe de conseillers, appelée Brain Trust. Roosevelt fut l’un des principaux acteurs de la Seconde Guerre mondiale et rompit avec l’isolationnisme traditionnel de son pays. Dès avant l’entrée en guerre des États-Unis, il lança le programme Lend-Lease afin de fournir les pays alliés en matériel de guerre. Après l’attaque de Pearl Harbor, il assuma pleinement ses fonctions de commandant en chef de l’armée américaine et prépara largement la victoire des Alliés. Il tint un rôle de premier plan dans la transformation du monde au sortir du conflit, et inspira notamment la fondation de l'ONU. Critiqué par les uns, admiré par les autres, il a laissé une très forte empreinte dans l'histoire de son pays et celle du monde.
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt az Egyesült Államok 32. elnöke, akit 4 terminusra választottak meg. 1933–1945 között volt elnök, és ő volt az egyetlen, aki két ciklusnál tovább vezette a Fehér Házat. A 20. század egyik központi alakja volt.
- Finora è stato l'unico presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America ad essere eletto per più di due mandati consecutivi, vincendo le elezioni presidenziali per ben quattro volte, rimanendo in carica dal 1933 fino alla sua morte, nell'aprile del 1945. Larga parte della sua fama è dovuta al vasto e radicale programma di riforme economiche e sociali attuato fra il 1933 e il 1937 e conosciuto con il nome di New Deal, grazie al quale gli Stati Uniti riuscirono a superare la grande depressione dei primi anni trenta. Fra le sue più importanti innovazioni vanno ricordati il Social Security Act - con il quale vennero introdotte per la prima volta negli Stati Uniti d'America l'assistenza sociale e le indennità di disoccupazione, malattia e vecchiaia - e la creazione dell'Agenzia per il controllo del mercato azionario. Coinvolse gli Stati Uniti nella seconda guerra mondiale a seguito dell'attacco di Pearl Harbor e con il suo ottimismo, la sua calma e la sua capacità di giudizio, ebbe un ruolo di grande rilievo nel grandioso sviluppo della potenza militare americana, nella conduzione politico-strategica della guerra, nel consolidamento della "Grande Alleanza" con il Regno Unito di Winston Churchill e l'Unione Sovietica di Stalin e nelle decisioni geopolitiche della fase finale del conflitto. Sostenne anche, a partire dal 1942, lo sviluppo e la costruzione delle prime bombe atomiche della Storia dell'Umanità che verranno impiegate dal suo successore Harry Truman sulle città di Hiroshima e Nagasaki. Contribuì alla formazione delle Nazioni Unite.
- フランクリン・デラノ・ルーズベルト（英: Franklin Delano Roosevelt, FDR, 1882年1月30日 - 1945年4月12日）は、アメリカ合衆国の政治家。ローズベルト、ローズヴェルトとも表記。民主党出身の第32代大統領（1933年 - 1945年）。米西戦争の義勇騎兵隊で活躍した第26代大統領セオドア・ルーズベルトは従兄に当たる。 在任中に世界恐慌、大日本帝国海軍の真珠湾への奇襲攻撃によって第二次世界大戦への参戦を経験し、20世紀前半の国際政治における中心人物の1人。ルーズベルトのニューディール政策はアメリカ合衆国経済を世界恐慌のどん底から回復させたと評価される。ラジオを通じて国民との対話を重視した。歴代アメリカ合衆国大統領のランキングでの人気投票でほぼ上位5傑に入るなど、現在でもアメリカ国民からの支持は根強い。その一方、ソビエト連邦の独裁者ヨシフ・スターリンに対する容共的な姿勢を取り、その侵略行為を黙認したことは後に批判の対象となった。中国に対しては日中戦争の際に蒋介石を強く支持し莫大な軍事費の借款を行っていた中国びいきと言われ、その行き過ぎによって失敗した所もある。 ルーズベルトはアメリカ政治史上で唯一4選された大統領である。初代のジョージ・ワシントン大統領が3選を固辞した故事から大統領は二選までというのが慣例だったが、戦時・有事を理由に1940年・1944年の大統領選に立候補し当選した。後に憲法が改正され（修正第22条）、正式に大統領は2期までと定められた。また、アメリカ史上唯一の重度の身体障害を持つ大統領でもある。 アメリカ経済の回復は同時に、第二次世界大戦が起こるまでの間、デトロイト市の大工業地帯を枢軸国に対する「民主主義の兵器廠」に発展させた。これは戦後、アメリカが国際的な覇権を握る原動力となった。ルーズベルトの平和に対する国際組織の展望は死後に国際連合として結実した。 ルーズベルトの評価は立場で大きく分かれる。リベラル派（自由主義）から見ると、ニューディール政策をはじめとしたケインズ福祉国家的政策の開始は「恐慌への対策を具体化したもの」として評価され、「はじめて本格的な貧困層対策に取り組んだ」大統領として評価される。それまで南部の地域政党的色彩が強かった民主党に「世界恐慌の結果発生した貧困層の救済」という新たな目的を打ち出し、この2つの支持基盤を合わせる事によって「ニューディール連合」と呼ばれる大きな民主党支持基盤を形成してその後数十年に渡る議会における民主党の優位をもたらした。保守派の中でも、ロナルド・レーガンは、ルーズベルトのリーダーシップを賞賛した。他方、小さな政府を唱える保守派はニューディールにきわめて否定的な評価をしており、民主党のニューディール連合を崩すことで1980年代以降の共和党の勢力拡大は成功したといえる。ニューディール政策については、現在でも経済学者の間でその評価は分かれている。 また、大戦中に日系人にのみ強制収容を行った事や、政権期間を通じて行われたアフリカ系アメリカ人の公民権運動に対する事実上の妨害という人種差別的観点から行われた失政は、その立場を問わず大きな批判の対象となっただけでなく、アメリカにおける人種差別の解消を遅らせる要因の1つとなった。この民主党政権としての「貧困層」と「人種マイノリティ」という別々の背景を持ったアメリカ社会における弱者に対する矛盾した態度の解決は、1960年代のジョン・F・ケネディとリンドン・B・ジョンソンの政権まで持ち越される事となる。
- 프랭클린 델러노 루스벨트는 미국의 제32대 대통령이다. 그는 임기 동안 대공황과 제2차 세계 대전을 모두 경험한, 20세기의 중심인물 중 한 사람이라고 할 수 있다. 루스벨트의 리더쉽은 뉴딜 정책을 통하여 미국이 대공황에서 벗어나도록 도왔으며, 제2차 세계 대전 때 연합군에 동참하여 나치 독일과 이탈리아 왕국, 그리고 일본 제국을 상대로 전쟁을 수행하여 승리로 이끌었다. 그렇지만 스탈린에 대한 미묘한 자세는 이후 역사가들에게 비판의 대상이 되었다. 세계 평화를 위한 국제 조직에 대한 그의 열망은 사후에 국제 연합의 결성으로써 결실을 맺게 되었다. 미국의 대통령 중에서 처음이자 마지막으로 대통령직에 네 번이나 당선되어 12년간 백악관을 차지했던 장기 집권자이기도 하다. 또, 미국인들에게 역대 대통령 중에서 가장 존경하는 지도자에 대한 설문조사를 실시하면 상위에 위치하는 인물이기도 하다.
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt, ook bekend onder zijn initialen FDR, was de 32e president van de Verenigde Staten. Als politicus van de Democratische Partij was Roosevelt van 1929 tot 1932 de 44e Gouverneur van New York. Tijdens de Amerikaanse presidentsverkiezingen van 1932 was Roosevelt de kandidaat van de Democratische Partij, door de slechte economie versloeg hij de zittende president Herbert Hoover. Zijn presidentschap duurde van 1933 tot 1945. Roosevelt maakte als president intensief gebruik van de media om de publieke opinie voor zich te winnen en zijn beleid toe te lichten. Zijn informele off the record-stijl van persconferenties en zijn populaire fireside chats, "praatjes aan de haard" op de radio voor en tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog, zijn daar voorbeelden van. Met de New Deal initieerde hij een programma tegen de sociale en economische gevolgen van de Grote Depressie. Hij is de enige Amerikaanse president die vier keer gekozen is, een record dat niet meer verbeterd kan worden omdat sedert Amendment XXII uit 1947 de president maar éénmaal herkozen kan worden. Op 12 april 1945 overleed Roosevelt aan een beroerte op 63-jarige leeftijd.
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt, ofte bare kalt Franklin D. Roosevelt eller simpelthen FDR, var USAs 32. president. Roosevelt var en av det 20. århundres mest sentrale figurer som USAs president i en tid sterkt preget av økonomisk krise og verdenskrig. Roosevelt satt som president fra 1933 til 1945, og er dermed den eneste amerikanske presidenten som har sittet mer enn to perioder. Franklin D. Roosevelt var seksmenning og nær venn av Theodore Roosevelt, USAs 26. president. Franklin D. Roosevelts kone, Eleanor Roosevelt, var Theodore Roosevelts foreldreløse niese. Franklin D. Roosevelt fikk diagnosen poliomyelitt i en alder av 39 år. Roosevelt døde like før krigen var over, og ble etterfulgt av visepresidenten Harry Truman.
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt – amerykański polityk, 32. prezydent Stanów Zjednoczonych. Czterokrotnie wybierany, z ramienia Partii Demokratycznej, w latach 1933-1945. Jedyny w historii prezydent USA pełniący urząd dłużej niż dwie kadencje, co doprowadziło do wejścia w życie w 1951 r. XXII Poprawki do Konstytucji, ograniczającej liczbę kadencji do dwóch (wcześniej był to tylko konwenans konstytucyjny oparty na decyzji pierwszego prezydenta USA George’a Washingtona, który zrezygnował z ubiegania się o trzecią kadencję, twierdząc że byłaby ona niedemokratyczna).
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt foi o 32. ° presidente dos Estados Unidos, realizou quatro mandatos e morreu durante o último. Do Partido Democrata, foi o primeiro presidente a conseguir mais de dois mandatos, e será o único devido à 22. ª emenda. Durante sua estada na Casa Branca, teve de enfrentar o período da Grande Depressão e a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Em 1939, foi o primeiro presidente dos Estados Unidos a aparecer na televisão, mesmo ela tendo sido inventada durante o período de Calvin Coolidge no cargo.
- Фра́нклин Делано́ Ру́звельт — 32-й президент США, центральная фигура мировых событий середины XX века, возглавлял США во время мирового экономического кризиса и Второй Мировой войны. Единственный американский президент, избиравшийся более чем на два срока.
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt, född 30 januari 1882 i Hyde Park i New York, död 12 april 1945 i Warm Springs i Georgia, var en amerikansk politiker och USA:s president åren 1933-1945. Han är en av USA:s mer tongivande presidenter och den som innehaft ämbetet under längst tid. I sammanställningar över de främsta amerikanska presidenterna hamnar han i regel bland de tre översta tillsammans med Abraham Lincoln och George Washington. Roosevelt var jurist och före sitt tillträde som president var han bland annat biträdande sjöminister 1913-1920 och guvernör i delstaten New York 1929-1932. Han gifte sig 1905 med Eleanor Roosevelt. Han är begravd i Hyde Park i New York.
- Фра́нклін Де́лано Ру́звельт — 32-ий президент США 1933-45, демократ. Був губернатором Нью-Йорка 1929-33. Став президентом під час Великої депресії, почав економіку нових справ, реформу соціальних програм, що зробило його дуже популярним серед населення. Єдиний президент США, що був на посаді понад 2 терміни (аж 4 терміни). Після початку Другої світової війни він запровадив програму ленд-лізу для підтримки військових союзників і підготував Атлантичну хартію. Коли США вступили у війну в 1941, проводив багато часу в переговорах з главами союзницьких держав.
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt là Tổng thống Hoa Kỳ thứ 32 và là một khuôn mặt trung tâm của các sự kiện thế giới trong giữa thế kỷ 20 khi ông lãnh đạo Hoa Kỳ suốt thời gian có cuộc khủng hoảng kinh tế toàn cầu và chiến tranh thế giới. Là tổng thống Hoa Kỳ duy nhất được bầu hơn hai nhiệm kỳ, ông tạo ra một liên minh bền vững giúp tái tổ chức nền chính trị Hoa Kỳ trong nhiều thập niên. FDR đánh bại đương kim tổng thống Cộng hòa là Herbert Hoover trong cuộc bầu cử tổng thống vào tháng 11 năm 1932 ở thời điểm tệ hại nhất của cuộc Đại khủng hoảng. Chính nhờ vào chủ nghĩa lạc quan và sự năng nổ hoạt động của ông đã làm cho tinh thần quốc gia sống dậy. Tuy nhiên các sử gia và kinh tế gia vẫn còn đang tranh luận về tính thông thái trong các chính sách của ông. Ông lãnh đạo Hoa Kỳ qua Đệ nhị Thế chiến, mất khi đang bắt đầu nhiệm kỳ thứ tư của mình khi chiến thắng Đức và Nhật gần kề một bên. Trong một trăm ngày đầu tiên với vai trò tổng thống, bắt đầu từ ngày 4 tháng 3 năm 1933, Roosevelt đã khởi động rất nhiều chương trình lớn khác nhau. Trong nhiệm kỳ đầu tiên (1933–36), FDR đã hướng dẫn Quốc hội Hoa Kỳ thông qua chương trình kinh tế New Deal. Đây là một loạt gồm nhiều chương trình phức hợp lớn có liên quan với nhau nhằm giải cứu khủng hoảng (đặc biệt là tạo ra các việc làm của chính phủ dành cho người thất nghiệp) và cải cách kinh tế (theo ông có nghĩa là lập ra quy định kiểm soát đối với Phố Wall, ngân hàng và giao thông). Nền kinh tế cải thiện nhanh chóng từ năm 1933 đến 1937 nhưng lúc đó cũng đang rơi vào một tình trạng khủng hoảng sâu. Liên minh bảo thủ lưỡng đảng hình thành vào năm 1937 đã ngăn cản ông "đưa người" vào Tối cao Pháp viện Hoa Kỳ hoặc thông qua quá nhiều luật mới; liên minh này cũng đã hủy bỏ phần lớn các chương trình trợ cấp khi tình trạng thấp nghiệp thực tế chấm dứt trong suốt Đệ nhị Thế chiến. Phần lớn các qui định kiểm soát thương nghiệp chấm dứt vào khoảng thời gian từ năm 1975–85, trừ qui định kiểm soát đối với Phố Wall do Ủy ban Giao dịch và Chứng khoán Hoa Kỳ đảm trách vẫn còn tồn tại đến ngày nay. Cùng với một số chương trình nhỏ hơn, chương trình lớn còn tồn tại đến ngày nay là chương trình An sinh Xã hội được quốc hội thông qua năm 1935. Vào lúc Đệ nhị Thế chiến sắp bùng nổ sau năm 1938 khi Nhật Bản xâm lược Trung Hoa và Đức Quốc Xã trở nên hiếu chiến, FDR đã giang tay hỗ trợ tài chính và ngoại giao mạnh mẽ cho Trung Hoa và Vương quốc Anh trong lúc vẫn duy trì chính thức tình trạng trung lập. Mục tiêu của ông là phải tạo cho nước Mỹ thành "kho vũ khí dân chủ" — cung cấp đạn dược vũ khí trong khi các quốc gia khác thực hiện việc chiến đấu. Tháng 2 năm 1941, với sự chấp thuận của Quốc hội Hoa Kỳ thông qua Đạo luật Lend-Lease, Roosevelt cung cấp viện trợ cho các quốc gia chiến đấu chống Đức Quốc Xã bên cạnh Anh Quốc. Ông được Quốc hội Hoa Kỳ gần như nhất trí cho phép tuyên chiến với Nhật Bản sau khi Nhật Bản tấn công Trân Châu Cảng vào ngày 7 tháng 12 năm 1941. Ông trông coi việc tổng động viên toàn lực nền kinh tế Hoa Kỳ để hỗ trợ cho những nỗ lực chiến tranh của đồng minh, bị chỉ trích vì lúng túng lúc ban đầu nhưng chứng kiến tình trạng thất nghiệp biến mất và nền kinh tế phát triển lên đỉnh cao chưa từng có trước đó. Roosevelt đã chi phối nền chính trị Mỹ, không chỉ trong suốt 12 năm làm tổng thống mà còn nhiều thập niên về sau. Ông là nhạc trưởng của việc tái phối trí cử tri mà sau đó hình thành nên Hệ thống đảng phái lần thứ 5. Liên minh New Deal của ông đã qui tụ được các công đoàn lao động, những cỗ máy thành phố lớn (?), các sắc tộc da trắng, những người nhận trợ cấp xã hội, người Mỹ gốc châu Phi và những người nông dân da trắng ở miền Nam Hoa Kỳ. Ảnh hưởng ngoại giao của Roosevelt cũng vang dội trên sân khấu thế giới rất lâu sau khi ông qua đời trong đó phải kể đến Liên Hiệp Quốc và Hệ thống Bretton Woods là những thí dụ về sức ảnh hưởng rộng lớn của chính phủ ông. Roosevelt từ trước đến nay luôn được các học giả đánh giá là một trong số các tổng thống vĩ đại của Hoa Kỳ.
- 富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福（英语：Franklin Delano Roosevelt，1882年1月30日－1945年4月12日，美國人通常以其姓名縮寫FDR稱之），第32任美國總統，是20世紀美国二三十年代經濟危機和第二次世界大戰的中心人物之一。从1933年至1945年間，連續出任四屆美國總統，且是唯一連任超過兩屆的美國總統。 在1930年代經濟大蕭條期間，羅斯福推行新政以提供失業救濟與復甦經濟，並成立如公共事业振兴署（WPA）、國家復興管理局（NRA）和農業調整管理局（AAA）等機構來改革經濟和銀行體系。雖然直到第二次世界大戰爆發為止，美國的經濟仍未能完全復甦，但是他所發起的一些計畫，如聯邦存款保險公司（FDIC）、田納西河谷管理局（TVA）以及证券交易委员会（SEC）等，仍繼續在國家的商貿中扮演重要角色。除此之外，在其任內設立的一些制度，包括社會安全系統和全國勞資關係委員會（NLRB）等等，仍然保留至今。 早在1941年12月以前，英國正與納粹德國作戰，而美軍還未參與第二次世界大戰之際，羅斯福已經利用租借法案向邱吉爾及英國軍方提供援助。在後方，他引進了價格管制和配給，並將大約11萬日裔美國人遷往收容所。羅斯福領導美國，將其轉變為「民主國家的兵工廠」。羅斯福與他的助手哈里·霍普金斯緊密合作，使美國成為同盟國主要的軍火供應商和融資者，也使得美國國內產業大幅擴張，實現充分就業，並為非裔和婦女製造了新的機會。而隨著經濟漸有起色，國會內新成立的保守聯盟亦主張失業已經消失，而促使不少如公共事业振兴署（WPA）與民間護林保土隊等救濟計畫被解散。踏入二戰後期，同盟國逐漸扭轉形勢後，羅斯福對塑造戰後世界秩序發揮了關鍵作用，其影響力在雅爾達會議及聯合國的成立中尤其明顯。後來，在美國協助下，盟軍擊敗德國、意大利和日本。 羅斯福曾促成了政黨重組，大膽地利用聯邦政府導致新政聯盟的建立，政治學家稱之為「第五政黨制度」。該聯盟主導了民主黨近半個世紀，直到20世紀60年代末。羅斯福推出的新稅種，影響到所有的收入群體。雖受保守主義人士的強烈反擊，但羅斯福仍常佔優勢，直到他在1937年試圖打發走最高法院。他與其妻埃莉諾·羅斯福至今仍是美國現代自由主義的典範。羅斯福政府重新定義了自由主義，並根據他的新政聯盟重組了民主黨。羅斯福始終被學者排名為最偉大的美國總統之一。 羅斯福是第一位將飛機作為交通工具的美國總統，1943年他到摩洛哥參加卡薩布蘭卡會議，為了避免乘坐客輪可能遭到納粹德國潛艇襲擊的威脅，他搭乘了世界航空的波音314「狄克西快艇號」，飛行了5,500英哩抵達目的地。 富兰克林·罗斯福的远房堂兄西奥多·罗斯福是第26任美国总统，故在中文环境里常称富兰克林·罗斯福为“小罗斯福”总统，而称西奥多·罗斯福为“老罗斯福”总统。
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt, also known by his initials, FDR, was the 32nd President of the United States (1933–1945) and a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic depression and total war. The only American president elected to more than two terms, he facilitated a durable coalition that realigned American politics for decades. With the bouncy popular song "Happy Days Are Here Again" as his campaign theme, FDR defeated incumbent Republican Herbert Hoover in November 1932, at the depth of the Great Depression. Energized by his personal victory over paralytic illness, FDR's unfailing optimism and activism contributed to a renewal of the national spirit. He worked closely with Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin in leading the Allies against Germany and Japan in World War II, but died just as victory was in sight. In his first hundred days in office, which began March 4, 1933, Roosevelt spearheaded major legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal—a variety of programs designed to produce relief (government jobs for the unemployed), recovery (economic growth), and reform (through regulation of Wall Street, banks and transportation). The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937, but then relapsed into a deep recession. The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his packing the Supreme Court or passing any considerable legislation; it abolished many of the relief programs when unemployment diminished during World War II. Most of the regulations on business were ended about 1975–85, except for the regulation of Wall Street by the Securities and Exchange Commission, which still exists. Along with several smaller programs, major surviving programs include the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which was created in 1933, and Social Security, which Congress passed in 1935. As World War II loomed after 1938, with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggressions of Nazi Germany, FDR gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China and the United Kingdom, while remaining officially neutral. His goal was to make America the "Arsenal of Democracy" which would supply munitions to the Allies. In March 1941, Roosevelt, with Congressional approval, provided Lend-Lease aid to the countries fighting against Nazi Germany with Britain. With very strong national support, he made war on Japan and Germany after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, calling it a "date which will live in infamy". He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the Allied war effort. As an active military leader, Roosevelt implemented an overall war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers and the development of the world's first atom bomb. In 1942 Roosevelt ordered the internment of 100,000 Japanese American civilians. Unemployment dropped to 2%, relief programs largely ended, and the industrial economy grew rapidly to new heights as millions of people moved to new jobs in war centers, and 16 million men and 300,000 women were drafted or volunteered for military service. Roosevelt dominated the American political scene not only during the twelve years of his presidency, but also for decades afterward. He orchestrated the realignment of voters that created the Fifth Party System. FDR's New Deal Coalition united labor unions, big city machines, white ethnics, African Americans and rural white Southerners. Roosevelt's diplomatic impact also resonated on the world stage long after his death, with the United Nations and Bretton Woods as examples of his administration's wide-ranging impact. Roosevelt is consistently rated by scholars as one of the top three U.S. Presidents. A liberal and a Democrat, Roosevelt defined his ideological position as "a little left of center".
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt, also known by his initials, FDR, was the 32nd President of the United States (1933–1945) and a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic depression and total war. A Democrat, the only American president elected to more than two terms, he facilitated a durable coalition that realigned American politics for decades. With the bouncy popular song "Happy Days Are Here Again" as his campaign theme, FDR defeated incumbent Republican Herbert Hoover in November 1932, at the depth of the Great Depression. Energized by his personal victory over paralytic illness, FDR's unfailing optimism and activism contributed to a renewal of the national spirit. He worked closely with Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin in leading the Allies against Germany and Japan in World War II, but died just as victory was in sight. In his first hundred days in office, which began March 4, 1933, Roosevelt spearheaded major legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal—a variety of programs designed to produce relief (government jobs for the unemployed), recovery (economic growth), and reform (through regulation of Wall Street, banks and transportation). The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937, but then relapsed into a deep recession. The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his packing the Supreme Court or passing any considerable legislation; it abolished many of the relief programs when unemployment diminished during World War II. Most of the regulations on business were ended about 1975–85, except for the regulation of Wall Street by the Securities and Exchange Commission, which still exists. Along with several smaller programs, major surviving programs include the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which was created in 1933, and Social Security, which Congress passed in 1935. As World War II loomed after 1938, with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggressions of Nazi Germany, FDR gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China and the United Kingdom, while remaining officially neutral. His goal was to make America the "Arsenal of Democracy" which would supply munitions to the Allies. In March 1941, Roosevelt, with Congressional approval, provided Lend-Lease aid to the countries fighting against Nazi Germany with Britain. With very strong national support, he made war on Japan and Germany after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, calling it a "date which will live in infamy". He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the Allied war effort. As an active military leader, Roosevelt implemented an overall war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers and the development of the world's first atom bomb. In 1942 Roosevelt ordered the internment of 100,000 Japanese American civilians. Unemployment dropped to 2%, relief programs largely ended, and the industrial economy grew rapidly to new heights as millions of people moved to new jobs in war centers, and 16 million men and 300,000 women were drafted or volunteered for military service. Roosevelt dominated the American political scene not only during the twelve years of his presidency, but also for decades afterward. He orchestrated the realignment of voters that created the Fifth Party System. FDR's New Deal Coalition united labor unions, big city machines, white ethnics, African Americans and rural white Southerners. Roosevelt's diplomatic impact also resonated on the world stage long after his death, with the United Nations and Bretton Woods as examples of his administration's wide-ranging impact. Roosevelt is consistently rated by scholars as one of the top three U.S. Presidents. A liberal and a Democrat, Roosevelt defined his ideological position as "a little left of center".
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt, also known by his initials, FDR, was the 32nd President of the United States (1933–1945) and a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic depression and total war. A Democrat and the only American president elected to more than two terms, he facilitated a durable coalition that realigned American politics for decades. With the bouncy popular song "Happy Days Are Here Again" as his campaign theme, FDR defeated incumbent Republican Herbert Hoover in November 1932, at the depth of the Great Depression. Energized by his personal victory over paralytic illness, FDR's unfailing optimism and activism contributed to a renewal of the national spirit. He worked closely with Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin in leading the Allies against Germany and Japan in World War II, but died just as victory was in sight. In his first hundred days in office, which began March 4, 1933, Roosevelt spearheaded major legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal—a variety of programs designed to produce relief (government jobs for the unemployed), recovery (economic growth), and reform (through regulation of Wall Street, banks and transportation). The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937, but then relapsed into a deep recession. The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his packing the Supreme Court or passing any considerable legislation; it abolished many of the relief programs when unemployment diminished during World War II. Most of the regulations on business were ended about 1975–85, except for the regulation of Wall Street by the Securities and Exchange Commission, which still exists. Along with several smaller programs, major surviving programs include the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which was created in 1933, and Social Security, which Congress passed in 1935. As World War II loomed after 1938, with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggressions of Nazi Germany, FDR gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China and the United Kingdom, while remaining officially neutral. His goal was to make America the "Arsenal of Democracy" which would supply munitions to the Allies. In March 1941, Roosevelt, with Congressional approval, provided Lend-Lease aid to the countries fighting against Nazi Germany with Britain. With very strong national support, he made war on Japan and Germany after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, calling it a "date which will live in infamy". He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the Allied war effort. As an active military leader, Roosevelt implemented an overall war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers and the development of the world's first atom bomb. In 1942 Roosevelt ordered the internment of 100,000 Japanese American civilians. Unemployment dropped to 2%, relief programs largely ended, and the industrial economy grew rapidly to new heights as millions of people moved to new jobs in war centers, and 16 million men and 300,000 women were drafted or volunteered for military service. Roosevelt dominated the American political scene not only during the twelve years of his presidency, but also for decades afterward. He orchestrated the realignment of voters that created the Fifth Party System. FDR's New Deal Coalition united labor unions, big city machines, white ethnics, African Americans and rural white Southerners. Roosevelt's diplomatic impact also resonated on the world stage long after his death, with the United Nations and Bretton Woods as examples of his administration's wide-ranging impact. Roosevelt is consistently rated by scholars as one of the top three U.S. Presidents. A liberal and a Democrat, Roosevelt defined his ideological position as "a little left of center".
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt, also known by his initials, FDR, was the 32nd President of the United States (1933–1945) and a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic depression and total war. A Democrat and the only American president elected to more than two terms, he facilitated a durable coalition that realigned American politics for decades. With the bouncy popular song "Happy Days Are Here Again" as his campaign theme, FDR defeated incumbent Republican Herbert Hoover in November 1932, at the depth of the Great Depression. Energized by his personal victory over polio, FDR's unfailing optimism and activism contributed to a renewal of the national spirit. He worked closely with Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin in leading the Allies against Germany and Japan in World War II, but died just as victory was in sight. In his first hundred days in office, which began March 4, 1933, Roosevelt spearheaded major legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal—a variety of programs designed to produce relief (government jobs for the unemployed), recovery (economic growth), and reform (through regulation of Wall Street, banks and transportation). The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937, but then relapsed into a deep recession. The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his packing the Supreme Court or passing any considerable legislation; it abolished many of the relief programs when unemployment diminished during World War II. Most of the regulations on business were ended about 1975–85, except for the regulation of Wall Street by the Securities and Exchange Commission, which still exists. Along with several smaller programs, major surviving programs include the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which was created in 1933, and Social Security, which Congress passed in 1935. As World War II loomed after 1938, with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggressions of Nazi Germany, FDR gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China and the United Kingdom, while remaining officially neutral. His goal was to make America the "Arsenal of Democracy" which would supply munitions to the Allies. In March 1941, Roosevelt, with Congressional approval, provided Lend-Lease aid to the countries fighting against Nazi Germany with Britain. With very strong national support, he made war on Japan and Germany after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, calling it a "date which will live in infamy". He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the Allied war effort. As an active military leader, Roosevelt implemented an overall war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers and the development of the world's first atom bomb. In 1942 Roosevelt ordered the internment of 100,000 Japanese American civilians. Unemployment dropped to 2%, relief programs largely ended, and the industrial economy grew rapidly to new heights as millions of people moved to new jobs in war centers, and 16 million men and 300,000 women were drafted or volunteered for military service. Roosevelt dominated the American political scene not only during the twelve years of his presidency, but also for decades afterward. He orchestrated the realignment of voters that created the Fifth Party System. FDR's New Deal Coalition united labor unions, big city machines, white ethnics, African Americans and rural white Southerners. He also influenced the later creation of the United Nations and Bretton Woods. Roosevelt is consistently rated by scholars as one of the top three U.S. Presidents.
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt, also known by his initials, FDR, was the 32nd President of the United States (1933–1945) and a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic depression and total war. A dominant leader of the Democratic Party and the only American president elected to more than two terms, he built a the New Deal Coalition that realigned American politics after 1932, as his domestic policies defined American liberalism for the middle third of the 20th century. With the bouncy popular song "Happy Days Are Here Again" as his campaign theme, FDR defeated incumbent Republican Herbert Hoover in November 1932, at the depth of the Great Depression. Energized by his personal victory over polio, FDR's unfailing optimism and activism contributed to a renewal of the national spirit. He worked closely with Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin in leading the Allies against Germany and Japan in World War II, and restoring prosperity to the nation's economy. In his first hundred days in office, which began March 4, 1933, Roosevelt spearheaded major legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal—a variety of programs designed to produce relief (government jobs for the unemployed), recovery (economic growth), and reform (through regulation of Wall Street, banks and transportation). The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937, but then relapsed into a deep recession. The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his packing the Supreme Court or passing any considerable legislation; it abolished many of the relief programs when unemployment diminished during World War II. Most of the regulations on business were ended about 1975–85, except for the regulation of Wall Street by the Securities and Exchange Commission, which still exists. Along with several smaller programs, major surviving programs include the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which was created in 1933, and Social Security, which Congress passed in 1935. As World War II loomed after 1938, with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggressions of Nazi Germany, FDR gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China and Great Britain, while remaining officially neutral. His goal was to make America the "Arsenal of Democracy" which would supply munitions to the Allies. In March 1941, Roosevelt, with Congressional approval, provided Lend-Lease aid to the countries fighting against Nazi Germany with Britain. With very strong national support, he made war on Japan and Germany after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, calling it a "date which will live in infamy". He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the Allied war effort. As an active military leader, Roosevelt implemented an overall war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers and the development of the world's first atom bomb. In 1942 Roosevelt ordered the internment of 100,000 Japanese American civilians. Unemployment dropped to 2%, relief programs largely ended, and the industrial economy grew rapidly to new heights as millions of people moved to new jobs in war centers, and 16 million men and 300,000 women were drafted or volunteered for military service. Roosevelt dominated the American political scene not only during the twelve years of his presidency, but also for decades afterward. He orchestrated the realignment of voters that created the Fifth Party System. FDR's New Deal Coalition united labor unions, big city machines, white ethnics, African Americans and rural white Southerners. He also influenced the later creation of the United Nations and Bretton Woods. Roosevelt is consistently rated by scholars as one of the top three U.S. Presidents.
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt, also known by his initials, FDR, was the 32nd President of the United States (1933–1945) and a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic depression and total war. A dominant leader of the Democratic Party and the only American president elected to more than two terms, he built a New Deal Coalition that realigned American politics after 1932, as his domestic policies defined American liberalism for the middle third of the 20th century. With the bouncy popular song "Happy Days Are Here Again" as his campaign theme, FDR defeated incumbent Republican Herbert Hoover in November 1932, at the depth of the Great Depression. Energized by his personal victory over polio, FDR's unfailing optimism and activism contributed to a renewal of the national spirit. He worked closely with Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin in leading the Allies against Germany and Japan in World War II, and restoring prosperity to the nation's economy. In his first hundred days in office, which began March 4, 1933, Roosevelt spearheaded major legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal—a variety of programs designed to produce relief (government jobs for the unemployed), recovery (economic growth), and reform (through regulation of Wall Street, banks and transportation). The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937, but then relapsed into a deep recession. The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his packing the Supreme Court or passing any considerable legislation; it abolished many of the relief programs when unemployment diminished during World War II. Most of the regulations on business were ended about 1975–85, except for the regulation of Wall Street by the Securities and Exchange Commission, which still exists. Along with several smaller programs, major surviving programs include the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which was created in 1933, and Social Security, which Congress passed in 1935. As World War II loomed after 1938, with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggression of Nazi Germany, FDR gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China and Great Britain, while remaining officially neutral. His goal was to make America the "Arsenal of Democracy" which would supply munitions to the Allies. In March 1941, Roosevelt, with Congressional approval, provided Lend-Lease aid to the countries fighting against Nazi Germany with Britain. With very strong national support, he made war on Japan and Germany after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, calling it a "date which will live in infamy". He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the Allied war effort. As an active military leader, Roosevelt implemented an overall war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers and the development of the world's first atom bomb. In 1942 Roosevelt ordered the internment of 100,000 Japanese American civilians. Unemployment dropped to 2%, relief programs largely ended, and the industrial economy grew rapidly to new heights as millions of people moved to new jobs in war centers, and 16 million men and 300,000 women were drafted or volunteered for military service. Roosevelt dominated the American political scene not only during the twelve years of his presidency, but also for decades afterward. He orchestrated the realignment of voters that created the Fifth Party System. FDR's New Deal Coalition united labor unions, big city machines, white ethnics, African Americans and rural white Southerners. He also influenced the later creation of the United Nations and Bretton Woods. Roosevelt is consistently rated by scholars as one of the top three U.S. Presidents.
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt, also known by his initials, FDR, was the 32nd President of the United States (1933–1945) and a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic depression and total war. A dominant leader of the Democratic Party and the only American president elected to more than two terms, he built a New Deal Coalition that realigned American politics after 1932, as his domestic policies defined American liberalism for the middle third of the 20th century. With the bouncy popular song "Happy Days Are Here Again" as his campaign theme, FDR defeated incumbent Republican Herbert Hoover in November 1932, at the depth of the Great Depression. Energized by his personal victory over polio, FDR's unfailing optimism and activism contributed to a renewal of the national spirit. He worked closely with Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin in leading the Allies against Germany and Japan in World War II, and restoring prosperity to the nation's economy. In his first hundred days in office, which began March 4, 1933, Roosevelt spearheaded major legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal—a variety of programs designed to produce relief (government jobs for the unemployed), recovery (economic growth), and reform (through regulation of Wall Street, banks and transportation). The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937, but then relapsed into a deep recession. The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his packing the Supreme Court or passing any considerable legislation; it abolished many of the relief programs when unemployment diminished during World War II. Most of the regulations on business were ended about 1975–85, except for the regulation of Wall Street by the Securities and Exchange Commission, which still exists. Along with several smaller programs, major surviving programs include the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which was created in 1933, and Social Security, which Congress passed in 1935. As World War II loomed after 1938, with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggression of Nazi Germany, FDR gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China and Great Britain, while remaining officially neutral. His goal was to make America the "Arsenal of Democracy" which would supply munitions to the Allies. In March 1941, Roosevelt, with Congressional approval, provided Lend-Lease aid to the countries fighting against Nazi Germany with Britain. With very strong national support, he made war on Japan and Germany after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, calling it a "date which will live in infamy". He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the Allied war effort. As an active military leader, Roosevelt implemented an overall war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers and the development of the world's first atom bomb. In 1942 Roosevelt ordered the internment of 100,000 Japanese American civilians. Unemployment dropped to 2%, relief programs largely ended, and the industrial economy grew rapidly to new heights as millions of people moved to new jobs in war centers, and 16 million men and 300,000 women were drafted or volunteered for military service. Roosevelt dominated the American political scene not only during the twelve years of his presidency, but also for decades afterward. He orchestrated the realignment of voters that created the Fifth Party System. FDR's New Deal Coalition united labor unions, big city machines, white ethnics, African Americans and rural white Southerners. He also influenced the later creation of the United Nations and Bretton Woods. Roosevelt is consistently rated by scholars as one of the top three U.S. Presidents, along with Abraham Lincoln and George Washington.
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt, also known by his initials, FDR, was the 32nd President of the United States (1933–1945) and a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic depression and total war. A dominant leader of the Democratic Party and the only American president elected to more than two terms, he built a New Deal Coalition that realigned American politics after 1932, as his domestic policies defined American liberalism for the middle third of the 20th century. With the bouncy popular song "Happy Days Are Here Again" as his campaign theme, FDR defeated incumbent Republican Herbert Hoover in November 1932, at the depth of the Great Depression. Energized by his personal victory over polio, FDR's unfailing optimism and activism contributed to a renewal of the national spirit. He worked closely with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet General Secretary Joseph Stalin in leading the Allies against Germany and Japan in World War II, and restoring prosperity to the nation's economy. In his first hundred days in office, which began March 4, 1933, Roosevelt spearheaded major legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal—a variety of programs designed to produce relief (government jobs for the unemployed), recovery (economic growth), and reform (through regulation of Wall Street, banks and transportation). The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937, but then relapsed into a deep recession. The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his packing the Supreme Court or passing any considerable legislation; it abolished many of the relief programs when unemployment diminished during World War II. Most of the regulations on business were ended about 1975–85, except for the regulation of Wall Street by the Securities and Exchange Commission, which still exists. Along with several smaller programs, major surviving programs include the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which was created in 1933, and Social Security, which Congress passed in 1935. As World War II loomed after 1938, with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggression of Nazi Germany, FDR gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China and Great Britain, while remaining officially neutral. His goal was to make America the "Arsenal of Democracy" which would supply munitions to the Allies. In March 1941, Roosevelt, with Congressional approval, provided Lend-Lease aid to the countries fighting against Nazi Germany with Britain. With very strong national support, he made war on Japan and Germany after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, calling it a "date which will live in infamy". He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the Allied war effort. As an active military leader, Roosevelt implemented an overall war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers and the development of the world's first atom bomb. In 1942 Roosevelt ordered the internment of 100,000 Japanese American civilians. Unemployment dropped to 2%, relief programs largely ended, and the industrial economy grew rapidly to new heights as millions of people moved to new jobs in war centers, and 16 million men and 300,000 women were drafted or volunteered for military service. Roosevelt dominated the American political scene not only during the twelve years of his presidency, but also for decades afterward. He orchestrated the realignment of voters that created the Fifth Party System. FDR's New Deal Coalition united labor unions, big city machines, white ethnics, African Americans and rural white Southerners. He also influenced the later creation of the United Nations and Bretton Woods. Roosevelt is consistently rated by scholars as one of the top three U.S. Presidents, along with Abraham Lincoln and George Washington. A liberal Democrat, Roosevelt defined his ideological position as "a little left of center."
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