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- Francis Guthrie war ein südafrikanischer Mathematiker und Botaniker. Er war der Bruder des Physikers und Chemikers Frederick Guthrie (1833–1886). Er war von 1876 bis 1898 Professor für Mathematik am South African College, der späteren University of Cape Town. Guthrie stellte 1852 als erster den Vier-Farben-Satz als Vermutung auf. Von Guthrie stammen eine Reihe von Erstbeschreibungen südafrikanischer Pflanzen, vor allem zahlreicher Heidekraut-Arten (Erica), die er zusammen mit Harry Bolus (1834–1911) in William Henry Harveys Flora Capensis beschrieb. Bolus benannte die Gattung Guthriea aus der Familie der Achariaceae nach Guthrie.
- Francis Guthrie fue un matemático y botánico sudafricano. Fue el primero en enunciar el teorema de los cuatro colores en 1852. En esa época, Guthrie era alumno de Augustus De Morgan en la University College de Londres. Obtiene su B.A. en 1850 y su LL.B. en 1852. Cuando colorea una carta de los condados de Inglaterra, se da cuenta que necesita al menos cuatro colores para que dos regiones no tengan el mismo color serán necesarios a fin de que ninguna región tenga una frontera común del mismo color que otra. Postula que solo cuatro colores son suficientes para colorear una carta. Este problema fue conocido bajo el nombre de "teorema de los cuatro colores", siendo uno de los teoremas topológicos, sin resolución por más de un siglo, hasta ser finalmente demostrado en 1976 con la ayuda de una computadora. Guthrie emigra a África del Sur en 1861, obteniendo el puesto de matemático master en el Colegio Graaff-Reinet. Mientras toma un curso de conferencias en Botánica en 1862, y luego arranca una fuerte amistad con el residente Harry Bolus. Y le aconseja a Bolus que encare estudios botánicos para aliviarlo de la pena de la muerte de su hijo de seis años. Cuando Bolus deja Ciudad del Cabo unos años más tarde, lo persuade a Guthrie para mudarse, en 1875. Se retira en 1898, y se instala en su granja de Raapenberg.
- Francis Guthrie était un mathématicien sud-africain et un botaniste. Il fut le premier à énoncer le problème des quatre couleurs en 1852. À ce moment, Guthrie était élève de Augustus De Morgan à l'University College de Londres. Il obtint son B.A. en 1850 et son LL.B. en 1852. Alors qu'il coloriait une carte des comtés de l'Angleterre, il remarqua qu'au moins quatre couleurs étaient nécessaires afin qu'aucune région partageant une frontière commune ne soit de la même couleur qu'une autre. Il postula alors que seules quatre couleurs étaient suffisantes pour colorier n'importe quelle carte. Ce problème est connu sous le nom du problème des quatre couleurs, et resta un des problèmes topologiques, non résolu pendant plus d'un siècle, des plus célèbres, jusqu'à ce qu'il fut finalement démontré en 1976 avec l'aide d'un ordinateur. Guthrie alla en Afrique du Sud en 1861 et obtint le poste de mathematics master au Graaff-Reinet College.
- Francis Guthrie was een Zuid-Afrikaans wiskundige en plantkundige, die in 1852 als eerste het Vierkleuren probleem formuleerde. Op dat moment was Guthrie een student van de Augustus De Morgan aan de University College London. Hij studeerde tevens plantkunde bij John Lindley, hoogleraar plantkunde aan de Universiteit van Londen. Guthrie behaalde zijn Bachelor of Art diploma in 1850, en zijn LL.B. in 1852 met een eerste klas vermelding. Terwijl hij bezig was een kaart van de graafschappen van Engeland in te kleuren merkte hij op dat er ten minste ]]vier kleuren nodig waren, opdat geen twee regio's een gemeenschappelijke grens zouden delen met dezelfde kleur. Hij postuleerde dat vier kleuren voldoende zouden zijn op elke willekeurige landkaart in te kleuren. Dit vermoeden werd bekend als het vierkleurenprobleem, en bleef meer dan een eeuw lang een van de beroemdste niet-opgeloste problemen in de topologie. Uiteindelijk werd de vierkleurenstelling in 1976 bewezen met behulp van een controversieel, want zeer uitgebreid, niet elegant en niet tot nieuwe inzichten in de wiskunde leidend computer-ondersteund bewijs. Van 1876 tot 1898 was Guthrie professor in de wiskunde aan het Zuid-Afrika College, de latere Universiteit van Zuid-Afrika in Kaapstad.
- Francis Guthrie foi um matemático e botânico sul-africano.
- Francis Guthrie, född 1831, död 1899. Formulerade 1852 den berömda fyrfärgssatsen som säger att det räcker med fyra färger för att färglägga områdena på varje karta på ett sådant sätt att ingen angränsande stat har samma färg. Guthrie formulerade problemet som ung student och frågade sin bror Frederick som studerade matematik hos den berömde Augustus de Morgan vid University College i London. Brodern frågade i sin tur de Morgan som emellertid inte kunde ge något bevis av satsen. Fyrfärgssatsen var länge en obevisad hypotes men bevisades slutligen 1976 av Kenneth Appel och Wolfgang Haken vid University of Illinois.
- Francis Guthrie (b. 22 January 1831 in London, d. 19 October 1899 in Claremont, Cape Town) was a South African mathematician and botanist who first posed the Four Colour Problem in 1852. At the time, Guthrie was a student of Augustus De Morgan at University College London. He studied under John Lindley, Professor of Botany at the University of London. Guthrie obtained his B.A. in 1850, and LL.B. in 1852 with first class honors. While coloring a map of the counties of England, he noticed that at least four colors were required so that no two regions sharing a common border were the same color. He postulated that four colors would be sufficient to color any map. This became known as the Four Color Problem, and remained one of the most famous unsolved problems in topology for more than a century, until it was eventually proven in 1976 using a controversial computer-aided proof which was lengthy and inelegant. Guthrie arrived in South Africa on 10 April 1861 and was met and entertained by Dr. Dale (later Sir Langham Dale), who was instrumental in the establishing of the University of the Cape of Good Hope in June 1873. Guthrie took up the post of mathematics master at the Graaff-Reinet College. While there he gave a course of acclaimed public lectures on botany in 1862 and thus started a lifelong friendship with local resident Harry Bolus. He advised Bolus to take up the study of botany to ease his grief at the loss of his six year old son. When Bolus left for Cape Town a few years later, he persuaded Guthrie to move there as well in 1875. For a while he practised at the Bar and edited a newspaper before becoming professor of mathematics at the South African College, which later became the University of Cape Town. He remained there from 1876 until he retired in 1898, staying on his farm at Raapenberg. When Bolus undertook to do the family of Ericaceae for Flora Capensis, he enlisted Guthrie's aid and they collaborated until Guthrie's death. Before his death, Guthrie had made an extensive collection of the Cape Peninsula flora, which was eventually housed as the Guthrie Herbarium in the University of Cape Town Botany Department, and used for teaching and reference. Though Guthrie did not live to see the published work, he had the satisfaction of knowing that the greater part of the work on Erica had been completed. He is buried in the old cemetery attached to St. Thomas's Church in Rondebosch. He was described as being warm-hearted, good-humoured, patient, and unpretentious. The scope of his interests was diverse, and ranged from a lecture titled, "The Heat of the Sun in South Africa", in which he pointed out that it must be possible to transform solar energy into mechanical power, to aeronautics, where he was involved in the development of the first aircraft. Although dubbed the inventor of the first flying machine, no documentation of his work exists. Some fynbos species from the Bredasdorp area were named after him: Gladiolous guthriei, Erica guthriei and Homoglossum guthriei, as well as the genus Guthriea Bolus. Cyrtanthus guthrieae was named after his daughter Louisa Guthrie, who was also a botanist. The new genus Guthriea was collected by Harry Bolus from Oudeberg in the Graaff-Reinet district, and also recorded from the Wittebergen in the Barkly East district and Mont-aux-Sources in Natal. To date no other species in this genus has been found. Guthrie was an early member of the South African Philosophical Society, an active member of the Meteorological Commission and an Examiner of the Cape University. The standard author abbreviation Guthrie is used to indicate this individual as the author when citing a botanical name.
- Francis Guthrie (b. 22 January 1831 in London; d. 19 October 1899 in Claremont, Cape Town) was a South African mathematician and botanist who first posed the Four Colour Problem in 1852. At the time, Guthrie was a student of Augustus De Morgan at University College London. He studied under John Lindley, Professor of Botany at the University of London. Guthrie obtained his B.A. in 1850, and LL.B. in 1852 with first class honors. While coloring a map of the counties of England, he noticed that at least four colors were required so that no two regions sharing a common border were the same color. He postulated that four colors would be sufficient to color any map. This became known as the Four Color Problem, and remained one of the most famous unsolved problems in topology for more than a century, until it was eventually proven in 1976 using a controversial computer-aided proof which was lengthy and inelegant. Guthrie arrived in South Africa on 10 April 1861 and was met and entertained by Dr. Dale (later Sir Langham Dale), who was instrumental in the establishing of the University of the Cape of Good Hope in June 1873. Guthrie took up the post of mathematics master at the Graaff-Reinet College. While there he gave a course of acclaimed public lectures on botany in 1862 and thus started a lifelong friendship with local resident Harry Bolus. He advised Bolus to take up the study of botany to ease his grief at the loss of his six year old son. When Bolus left for Cape Town a few years later, he persuaded Guthrie to move there as well in 1875. For a while he practised at the Bar and edited a newspaper before becoming professor of mathematics at the South African College, which later became the University of Cape Town. He remained there from 1876 until he retired in 1898, staying on his farm at Raapenberg. When Bolus undertook to do the family of Ericaceae for Flora Capensis, he enlisted Guthrie's aid and they collaborated until Guthrie's death. Before his death, Guthrie had made an extensive collection of the Cape Peninsula flora, which was eventually housed as the Guthrie Herbarium in the University of Cape Town Botany Department, and used for teaching and reference. Though Guthrie did not live to see the published work, he had the satisfaction of knowing that the greater part of the work on Erica had been completed. He is buried in the old cemetery attached to St. Thomas's Church in Rondebosch. He was described as being warm-hearted, good-humoured, patient, and unpretentious. The scope of his interests was diverse, and ranged from a lecture titled, "The Heat of the Sun in South Africa", in which he pointed out that it must be possible to transform solar energy into mechanical power, to aeronautics, where he was involved in the development of the first aircraft. Although dubbed the inventor of the first flying machine, no documentation of his work exists. Some fynbos species from the Bredasdorp area were named after him: Gladiolous guthriei, Erica guthriei and Homoglossum guthriei, as well as the genus Guthriea Bolus. Cyrtanthus guthrieae was named after his daughter Louisa Guthrie, who was also a botanist. The new genus Guthriea was collected by Harry Bolus from Oudeberg in the Graaff-Reinet district, and also recorded from the Wittebergen in the Barkly East district and Mont-aux-Sources in Natal. To date no other species in this genus has been found. Guthrie was an early member of the South African Philosophical Society, an active member of the Meteorological Commission and an Examiner of the Cape University. The standard author abbreviation Guthrie is used to indicate this individual as the author when citing a botanical name.
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