| dbpprop:abstract
|
- Error creating thumbnail: Invalid Parameter - white
This article needs additional citations for verification. Firmament is the usual English translation of the Hebrew "raqiya`" (pronounced rä·kē'·ah) meaning an extended solid surface or flat expanse, considered to be a hemisphere above the ground. The word is derived from the Hebrew raqa, meaning "to spread out" by stamping, stretching, beating, or making broad,, e.g. the process of making a metal bowl by hammering metal flat, or "to make a spreading (of clouds)". Thus, in the Bible, Elihu asks Job “Can you beat out [raqa] the vault of the skies, as he does, hard as a mirror of cast metal ?” In the Vulgate, the word firmamentum is used, which in Classical Latin means a strengthening or support. For Jewish and Christian astronomers familiar with Greek astronomy, the firmament was the eighth sphere carrying the fixed stars and surrounding the seven spheres of the planets in the geocentric model. The word is mentioned in the King James Bible, in the course of the creation story of : God said, "Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so. And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the morning were the second day. The Jewish Encyclopaedia describes the Firmament as follows: "The Hebrews regarded the earth as a plain or a hill figured like a hemisphere, swimming on water. Over this is arched the solid vault of heaven. To this vault are fastened the lights, the stars. So slight is this elevation that birds may rise to it and fly along its expanse. " The book of Genesis goes on to mention lights being placed in the firmament : And God said, "Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years: And let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth": and it was so. And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: the stars also. The Sun and Moon were thought to move in and out of the Firmament dome through a series of openings (reflecting the apparent movement of their rising and setting points throughout the year). This is explained in considerable detail in the Book of Enoch (the following is an excerpt): This is the first commandment of the luminaries: The sun is a luminary whose egress is an opening of heaven, which is (located) in the direction of the east, and whose ingress is (another) opening of heaven, (located) in the west. I saw six openings through which the sun rises and six openings through which it sets. The moon also rises and sets through the same openings, and they are guided by the stars; together with those whom they lead, they are six in the east and six in the west heaven. All of them (are arranged) one after another in a constant order. There are many windows (both) to the right and the left of these openings. First there goes out the great light whose name is the sun; its roundness is like the roundness of the sky; and it is totally filled with light and heat. The chariot in which it ascends is (driven by) the blowing wind. The sun sets in the sky (in the west) and returns by the northeast in order to go to the east; it is guided so that it shall reach the eastern gate and shine in the face of the sky . Biblical references to this cosmology (specifically, the notion of a solid Firmament with Heaven above it) include the creation of the Firmament in Genesis 1:6; God opening windows in the Firmament in Genesis 7:11 to let water rain down, and closing them again in Genesis 8:2; the construction of a tall tower to reach Heaven in Genesis 11:4; celestial warehouses for snow and hail in Job 38:22, the sky as a strong crystalline material in Job 37:18 and Ezekiel 1:22; the sky as a tent in Isaiah 40:22; stars as small objects attached to the Firmament (which can fall off) in Daniel 8:10, Matthew 24:29, Mark 13:25, Revelation 6:13, Revelation 8:10, Revelation 9:1 and Revelation 12:4 . The heavens are "rolled back like a scroll" in Revelation 6:14: however, as stars are apparently still being knocked off the Firmament in subsequent verses, it is unclear which layer is being removed at this point. The Book of Baruch elaborates on the Tower of Babel story, with the builders reaching the Firmament and attempting to pierce it: And they took a gimlet, and sought to pierce the heaven, saying, Let us see (whether) the heaven is made of clay, or of brass, or of iron. When God saw this He did not permit them, but smote them with blindness and confusion of speech, and rendered them as thou seest.
- Se entiende por firmamento la bóveda celeste en que se encuentran aparentemente los astros. En tiempos remotos los científicos creían que las estrellas estaban fijas en la bóveda celeste, por lo que se llamó firmamento a este conjunto “firme”. En el sistema geocéntrico de Claudio Ptolomeo (año 2 de nuestra era), la “esfera de las estrellas fijas” constituía la cáscara externa del Universo, en cuyo centro se encontraba la Tierra. La idea de “fijas o firmes” continuó con Copérnico y Kepler hasta que finalmente, en el siglo XVIII, se la desechó gracias a los trabajos de Edmund Halley. Sin embargo, el término firmamento se sigue utilizando. Véase también: Disco celeste de Nebra Cielo
- Firmamento é um nome para a abóbada celeste, geralmente usada no contexto das religiões baseadas nas escrituras hebraicas. O termo vem do latim clássico firmamentum, usado na Vulgata, que significa "suporte". O termo original hebraico, raqiya' (רקיע), designa uma placa rígida, ampla e sólida, possuindo uma de certa espessura. O termo deriva-se da raiz raqa' (רקע), designando a ação de expandir (um metal) batendo-o com um martelo, o processo de se fazer uma placa metálica, motivo pelo qual algumas traduções bíblicas usam a palavra "expansão" em vez de "firmamento". Segundo a cosmologia bíblica, o Universo era repleto de água. O firmamento fora colocado por Javé para "separar as águas", dando espaço para a atmosfera da Terra. Gênesis 1 (Versão Almeida Atualizada): 1 No princípio criou Deus os céus e a terra. 2 [... ] o Espírito de Deus pairava sobre a face das águas. 6 E disse Deus: haja um firmamento no meio das águas, e haja separação entre águas e águas. 7 Fez, pois, Deus o firmamento, e separou as águas que estavam debaixo do firmamento das que estavam por cima do firmamento. E assim foi. 8 Chamou Deus ao firmamento céu. E foi a tarde e a manhã, o dia segundo. Posteriormente, no firmamento foram colocados o Sol, a Lua e as estrelas, percebidos como objetos relativamente pequenos em comparação com a Terra: 14 E disse Deus: haja luminares no firmamento do céu, para fazerem separação entre o dia e a noite; sejam eles para sinais e para estações, e para dias e anos; 15 e sirvam de luminares no firmamento do céu, para alumiar a terra. E assim foi. 16 Deus, pois, fez os dois grandes luminares: o luminar maior para governar o dia, e o luminar menor para governar a noite; fez também as estrelas. 17 E Deus os pôs no firmamento do céu para alumiar a terra, 18 para governar o dia e a noite, e para fazer separação entre a luz e as trevas. E viu Deus que isso era bom. 19 E foi a tarde e a manhã, o dia quarto. A percepção do firmamento como um objeto sólido individual é reafirmada, por exemplo, em: Jó 37: 18 Acaso podes, como ele, estender o firmamento, que é sólido como um espelho fundido? A ideia de que a Terra ficava no meio das águas é reafirmada, por exemplo, em: 2 Pedro 3: 5 Eles voluntariamente ignoram isto, que pela palavra de Deus já desde a antiguidade existiram os céus, e a terra, que foi tirada da água e no meio da água subsiste.
- Небосвод — видимая с Земли часть неба. С физической точки зрения небосвод образован частью сферической атмосферы Земли, светящейся под воздействием космических излучений.
|
| rdfs:comment
|
- Error creating thumbnail: Invalid Parameter - white
This article needs additional citations for verification. Firmament is the usual English translation of the Hebrew "raqiya`" (pronounced rä·kē'·ah) meaning an extended solid surface or flat expanse, considered to be a hemisphere above the ground. The word is derived from the Hebrew raqa, meaning "to spread out" by stamping, stretching, beating, or making broad,, e.g.
- Se entiende por firmamento la bóveda celeste en que se encuentran aparentemente los astros. En tiempos remotos los científicos creían que las estrellas estaban fijas en la bóveda celeste, por lo que se llamó firmamento a este conjunto “firme”. En el sistema geocéntrico de Claudio Ptolomeo (año 2 de nuestra era), la “esfera de las estrellas fijas” constituía la cáscara externa del Universo, en cuyo centro se encontraba la Tierra.
- Firmamento é um nome para a abóbada celeste, geralmente usada no contexto das religiões baseadas nas escrituras hebraicas. O termo vem do latim clássico firmamentum, usado na Vulgata, que significa "suporte". O termo original hebraico, raqiya' (רקיע), designa uma placa rígida, ampla e sólida, possuindo uma de certa espessura.
- Небосвод — видимая с Земли часть неба. С физической точки зрения небосвод образован частью сферической атмосферы Земли, светящейся под воздействием космических излучений.
|
![[RDF Data]](/statics/sw-cube.png)
