Field Marshal or Generalfeldmarschall in German, (usually translated simply as General Field Marshal, and sometimes written only as Feldmarschall) was a rank in the armies of several German states and the Holy Roman Empire; in the Austrian Empire, the rank Feldmarschall was used. The rank was the equivalent to a Grand Admiral in the German Navy.

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  • Der Feldmarschall, auch Generalfeldmarschall (von ahdt. „marahscalc“, Marschall, Stallmeister oder Pferdeknecht), war im 16. Jahrhundert der Führer der Reiterei. Im Dreißigjährigen Krieg war der Feldmarschall ein höherer Generalsrang. Seit dem Ende des 17. Jahrhunderts wurde die Bezeichnung als höchster militärischer Dienstgrad in vielen europäischen Armeen verwendet.
  • El Feldmarschall, también conocido como Generalfeldmarschall, es el rango militar alemán equivalente al de Mariscal de Campo.
  • Il feldmaresciallo, estesamente feldmaresciallo generale, era un grado nell'esercito di diversi stati germanici, nonché del Sacro Romano Impero e dell'Impero Austriaco, che poteva essere assegnato ad ufficiali in servizio solo in tempo di guerra. Nell'esercito prussiano e successivamente in quello tedesco, tale grado disponeva di diversi privilegi, come una scorta/protezione costante. Nel 1854 vennero creati due nuovi gradi, ovvero quello di Generaloberst (colonnello generale) e quello di Generaloberst mit dem Rang eines Feldmarschalls (colonnello generale con funzioni di feldmaresciallo), creato allo scopo di promuovere il principe Guglielmo ad un alto grado senza infrangere la regola che solo i comandanti in tempo di guerra potevano ricevere il grado di feldmaresciallo. Nel 1870 il principe Federico Carlo e il principe della corona Federico Guglielmo divennero i primi principi prussiani a venire nominati feldmarescialli. Negli eserciti tedeschi il grado di feldmaresciallo generale fu il più alto grado militare fino al 1945. Il suo equivalente nella marina era Großadmiral. Il grado fu in pratica abolito dopo la caduta del Terzo Reich. Attualmente, il più alto grado nella ricostituita Bundeswehr è quello di General. Unica eccezione di cui si è a conoscenza è stato Hermann Göring, che, per poter essere un grado sopra tutti gli altri feldmarescialli tedeschi, e quindi mantenere la sua figura di spicco all'interno della gerarchia nazista, fu insignito da Hitler nel 1940 del titolo (creato quindi appositamente per lui) di "Maresciallo del Reich" (Reichsmarschall), divenendo "il" Maresciallo per antonomasia. La Nationale Volksarmee (NVA) della Repubblica Democratica Tedesca creò il grado di Marschall der DDR ("maresciallo della RDT") il 25 marzo 1982. Un generale poteva essere nominato a questo grado dallo Staatsrat in tempo di guerra o per conseguimenti militari eccezionali. Nei pochi anni tra la creazione del grado e la caduta della Germania Est nel 1990, nessuno venne elevato a tale grado.
  • ドイツ軍人にとり元帥(げんすい)は尉官、佐官、将官を超える軍人に与えられる最高位の階級である。陸軍、空軍では Generalfeldmarschall と呼ばれ、海軍では Großadmiral と呼ばれた。日本語では共に元帥と訳される(海軍だけは大提督と訳される場合もある)。本項では、帝政ドイツ成立以降のドイツにおける元帥位について述べる。
  • Generalfeltmarskalk (tysk Generalfeldmarschall, forkortet GFM) var den høyeste militære graden i den tyske, preussiske, sachsiske og østerriksk-ungarske hæren. Den ble kun tildelt aktive offiserer i krig. I motsetning til andre offiserer, var generalfeltmarskalker politisk utnevnt. Graden hadde flere privilegier, bl.a. permanent eskorte. I 1870 ble prins Friedrich Karl og kronprins Friedrich Wilhelm de første preussiske prinsene som ble utnevnt til generalfeltmarskalker. I 1854 hadde graden generaloberst blitt innført for å bli tildelt prins Wilhelm i fredstid; dette var en grad med de samme privilegiene, men formelt lavere rangert. Den tilsvarende graden i marinen var storadmiral. Disse gradene er ikke blitt anvendt siden andre verdenskrig, og de høyeste gradene i den tyske hæren og marinen idag er general og admiral. Graden som generalfeltmarskalk eksisterte i kurfyrstendømmet og kongeriket Sachsen uavhengig av Preussen inntil sistnevnte ble en del av det republikanske Tyskland i 1918. Under følger en liste over alle generalfeltmarskalker, sortert etter deres land og utnevnelsestidspunkt.
  • Lista feldmarszałków niemieckich III Rzeszy data nadania stopnia feldmarszałka - nazwisko i daty życia 20 kwietnia 1936 - Werner von Blomberg 4 lutego 1938 - Hermann Göring 19 lipca 1940 - Walther von Brauchitsch 19 lipca 1940 - Albert Kesselring 19 lipca 1940 - Wilhelm Keitel 19 lipca 1940 - Günther von Kluge 19 lipca 1940 - Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb 19 lipca 1940 - Fedor von Bock 19 lipca 1940 - Wilhelm List 19 lipca 1940 - Erwin von Witzleben 19 lipca 1940 - Walter von Reichenau 19 lipca 1940 - Erhard Milch 19 lipca 1940 - Hugo Sperrle 19 lipca 1940 - Gerd von Rundstedt 31 października 1940 - Eduard von Böhm-Ermolli 22 czerwca 1942 - Erwin Rommel 30 czerwca 1942 - Georg von Küchler 1 lipca 1942 - Erich von Manstein 31 stycznia 1943 - Friedrich Paulus 1 lutego 1943 - Ewald von Kleist 1 lutego 1943 - Maximilian Reichsfreiherr von Weichs 1 lutego 1943 - Ernst Busch 16 lutego 1943 - Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen 1 marca 1944 - Walter Model 5 kwietnia 1945 - Ferdinand Schörner 25 kwietnia 1945 - Robert Ritter von Greim
  • Generalfeldmarschall ou Feldmarschall foi uma patente militar de vários estados germânicos, do Sacro Império Romano-Germânico e do Império Austríaco. A patente é equivalente a general-de-exército em alguns países e a grande almirante na marinha alemã. Foi a mais alta patente durante o Terceiro Reich até 1941, quando foi criada a patente Reichsmarschall, ocupada unicamente por Hermann Göring. No pós-guerra a patente foi abolida e atualmente o mais alto grau militar da Bundeswehr é general.
  • Field Marshal or Generalfeldmarschall in German, (usually translated simply as General Field Marshal, and sometimes written only as Feldmarschall) was a rank in the armies of several German states and the Holy Roman Empire; in the Austrian Empire, the rank Feldmarschall was used. The rank was the equivalent to a Grand Admiral in the German Navy. In the Prussian Army and later in the German Army, the rank had several privileges, such as elevation to nobility, equal rank with ministers of the royal cabinet, right of direct report to the monarch, and a constant escort/protection. In 1854, the rank of Colonel-General was created in order to promote Prince Wilhelm to senior rank without breaking the rule that only wartime field commanders could receive the rank of field marshal for a victory in a decisive battle or the capture of a fortification or major town. In 1870 Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia and Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm—who had commanded armies during the Franco-Prussian War—became the first Prussian princes appointed field marshals. In the armies and Luftwaffe of Nazi Germany, the rank of Generalfeldmarschall was the highest military rank until July 1940, when it was made subordinate to the even higher rank of Reichsmarschall (held solely by Hermann Göring). The equivalent of a Generalfeldmarschall in the navy was Großadmiral (Grand Admiral). The rank of Generalfeldmarschall was abolished after the fall of the Third Reich. Hitler promoted Friedrich Paulus—commander of the 6th Army at Stalingrad—to the rank of Field Marshal shortly before his army's inevitable surrender in order to encourage him to continue to fight until death or commit suicide (no German field marshal at that point in history had ever been captured alive). Paulus surrendered anyway. Currently, the highest rank in the reconstituted Bundeswehr is General. By permanent enactment of the Commander-in-Chief (Inhaber der Befehls- und Kommandogewalt) of the Bundeswehr, who is in peacetime, according to Art. 65 a GG, the Bundesminister der Verteidigung ("Federal Minister of Defence"), he has special command authority over all soldiers. The Generalinspekteur—which is a post—heads the Führungsstab der Streitkräfte ("Command Staff of the Armed Forces"). The Nationale Volksarmee (NVA) of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) created the rank of Marschall der DDR ("marshal of the GDR") on 25 March 1982. A general could be appointed to this rank by the Staatsrat (the head-of-state council of the GDR) during wartime or for exceptional military achievement; no one ever held the rank, however.
  • Генера́л-фельдма́ршал — высшее воинское звание в сухопутных войсках немецкой, австрийской и русской армий. Впервые введено в Германии в XVI веке. В России введено в 1699 году Петром I. Во Франции и некоторых других государствах ему соответствовало воинское звание маршала (маршала-генерала). Подробнее см. : Генерал-фельдмаршал (Россия) Генерал-фельдмаршал (Германия) Генерал-фельдмаршал (Австрия) См. также Маршал
  • Generalfältmarskalk är en militär grad som har sitt ursprung i Tyskland.
  • Generalfeldmarschall ou Feldmarschall est un grade militaire d'officier général supérieur dans les armées allemandes et autrichiennes.
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  • Der Feldmarschall, auch Generalfeldmarschall (von ahdt. „marahscalc“, Marschall, Stallmeister oder Pferdeknecht), war im 16. Jahrhundert der Führer der Reiterei. Im Dreißigjährigen Krieg war der Feldmarschall ein höherer Generalsrang. Seit dem Ende des 17. Jahrhunderts wurde die Bezeichnung als höchster militärischer Dienstgrad in vielen europäischen Armeen verwendet.
  • El Feldmarschall, también conocido como Generalfeldmarschall, es el rango militar alemán equivalente al de Mariscal de Campo.
  • ドイツ軍人にとり元帥(げんすい)は尉官、佐官、将官を超える軍人に与えられる最高位の階級である。陸軍、空軍では Generalfeldmarschall と呼ばれ、海軍では Großadmiral と呼ばれた。日本語では共に元帥と訳される(海軍だけは大提督と訳される場合もある)。本項では、帝政ドイツ成立以降のドイツにおける元帥位について述べる。
  • Lista feldmarszałków niemieckich III Rzeszy data nadania stopnia feldmarszałka - nazwisko i daty życia 20 kwietnia 1936 - Werner von Blomberg 4 lutego 1938 - Hermann Göring 19 lipca 1940 - Walther von Brauchitsch 19 lipca 1940 - Albert Kesselring 19 lipca 1940 - Wilhelm Keitel 19 lipca 1940 - Günther von Kluge 19 lipca 1940 - Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb 19 lipca 1940 - Fedor von Bock 19 lipca 1940 - Wilhelm List 19 lipca 1940 - Erwin von Witzleben 19 lipca 1940 - Walter von Reichenau 19 lipca 1940 - Erhard Milch 19 lipca 1940 - Hugo Sperrle 19 lipca 1940 - Gerd von Rundstedt 31 października 1940 - Eduard von Böhm-Ermolli 22 czerwca 1942 - Erwin Rommel 30 czerwca 1942 - Georg von Küchler 1 lipca 1942 - Erich von Manstein 31 stycznia 1943 - Friedrich Paulus 1 lutego 1943 - Ewald von Kleist 1 lutego 1943 - Maximilian Reichsfreiherr von Weichs 1 lutego 1943 - Ernst Busch 16 lutego 1943 - Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen 1 marca 1944 - Walter Model 5 kwietnia 1945 - Ferdinand Schörner 25 kwietnia 1945 - Robert Ritter von Greim
  • Generalfeldmarschall ou Feldmarschall foi uma patente militar de vários estados germânicos, do Sacro Império Romano-Germânico e do Império Austríaco. A patente é equivalente a general-de-exército em alguns países e a grande almirante na marinha alemã. Foi a mais alta patente durante o Terceiro Reich até 1941, quando foi criada a patente Reichsmarschall, ocupada unicamente por Hermann Göring. No pós-guerra a patente foi abolida e atualmente o mais alto grau militar da Bundeswehr é general.
  • Генера́л-фельдма́ршал — высшее воинское звание в сухопутных войсках немецкой, австрийской и русской армий. Впервые введено в Германии в XVI веке. В России введено в 1699 году Петром I. Во Франции и некоторых других государствах ему соответствовало воинское звание маршала (маршала-генерала). Подробнее см. : Генерал-фельдмаршал (Россия) Генерал-фельдмаршал (Германия) Генерал-фельдмаршал (Австрия) См. также Маршал
  • Generalfältmarskalk är en militär grad som har sitt ursprung i Tyskland.
  • Il feldmaresciallo, estesamente feldmaresciallo generale, era un grado nell'esercito di diversi stati germanici, nonché del Sacro Romano Impero e dell'Impero Austriaco, che poteva essere assegnato ad ufficiali in servizio solo in tempo di guerra. Nell'esercito prussiano e successivamente in quello tedesco, tale grado disponeva di diversi privilegi, come una scorta/protezione costante.
  • Generalfeltmarskalk (tysk Generalfeldmarschall, forkortet GFM) var den høyeste militære graden i den tyske, preussiske, sachsiske og østerriksk-ungarske hæren. Den ble kun tildelt aktive offiserer i krig. I motsetning til andre offiserer, var generalfeltmarskalker politisk utnevnt. Graden hadde flere privilegier, bl.a. permanent eskorte. I 1870 ble prins Friedrich Karl og kronprins Friedrich Wilhelm de første preussiske prinsene som ble utnevnt til generalfeltmarskalker.
  • Field Marshal or Generalfeldmarschall in German, (usually translated simply as General Field Marshal, and sometimes written only as Feldmarschall) was a rank in the armies of several German states and the Holy Roman Empire; in the Austrian Empire, the rank Feldmarschall was used. The rank was the equivalent to a Grand Admiral in the German Navy.
  • Generalfeldmarschall ou Feldmarschall est un grade militaire d'officier général supérieur dans les armées allemandes et autrichiennes.
rdfs:label
  • Generalfeldmarschall
  • Generalfeldmarschall
  • Field Marshal (Germany)
  • Feldmaresciallo
  • Generalfeldmarschall
  • 元帥 (ドイツ)
  • Generalfeltmarskalk
  • Lista feldmarszałków niemieckich (III Rzesza)
  • Generalfeldmarschall
  • Генерал-фельдмаршал
  • Generalfältmarskalk
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