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- Ferdinand Baptista von Schill was a Prussian officer who revolted unsuccessfully against French domination in May 1809. Schill was born at Wilmsdorf and entered the Prussian Army's cavalry at the age of twelve or fourteen (sources differ). His father, Johann-Georg Schill, had been an ambitious commoner from Bohemia, who attained the aristocratic "von" for his services to Austria and Saxony during the Seven Years War. J.G. von Schill had raised a "Freikorps," a small raiding party of cavalry and mounted infantry, operating behind enemy lines, and acquired some measure of fame and success. Many of Ferdinand von Schill's later biographers assumed that his father's example was an important influence on his subsequent career. Ferdinand von Schill was a second-lieutenant of dragoons when he was wounded at the battle of Auerstadt. From that field he escaped to Kolberg, where he played a very prominent part in the celebrated siege of 1806-07, as the commander of a Freikorps, raiding behind the French lines. After the Treaty of Tilsit, he was promoted to major and given the command of a hussar regiment formed primarily from his Kolberg men. In 1809 the political situation in Europe appeared to Schill to favor an attempt to liberate Germany from the French domination of Napoleon Bonaparte. He was an active member of the Tugendbund, the quasi-Masonic "League of Virtue" founded by the Baron vom Stein, and including many notable Prussian reformers such as Scharnhorst and Gneisenau. Many Tugenbund leaders believed that the new Kingdom of Westphalia, created by Napoleon from many smaller German states and ruled by Napoleon's youngest brother Jerome Bonaparte, was ripe for revolution. Schill planned to create an uprising in Westphalia that would topple the Bonaparte regime there, and - coupled with the efforts of Austria, Spain, and Britain - would bring about the fall of Napoleonic dominance in Germany. Leading out his regiment from Berlin under pretext of manoeuvres, he raised the standard of revolt, and, joined by many officers and a company of light infantry, marched first south through Saxony, and then north-west into Westphalia. At the village of Dodendorf on May 5, 1809, he had a brush with the Magdeburg garrison and won a small victory. Schill had no difficulty defeating, or even recruiting, the unreliable Westphalian troops sent against him, and his rebellion swelled to over 2,000 men. He had less success, however, with the gathering Danish and Dutch forces, which gradually drove him in a north-east direction toward the Baltic Sea. His most serious difficulty was the condemnation he faced from Prussia's king Frederick William III, who feared that the revolt would drag a weakened and unprepared Prussia into another disastrous war against Napoleon. By the end of May, although he had left garrisons and raiding parties in various places, Schill's main force was trapped at Stralsund. He had between 1,500-2,000 men, against a force of 8,000 Danish and Dutch troops under French command. On May 31 the Napoleonic forces stormed Stralsund. Schill was killed in the street fighting as his defenses collapsed. Over a thousand of his rebels escaped to Prussia, overland or by ship, where the officers were tried by court-martial, cashiered and imprisoned (although all were subsequently pardoned. ) Some smaller parties of rebels escaped to Sweden, and ultimately Austria and Britain, but the rest were either killed or taken. The French commander counted 570 prisoners, the majority of whom were then sent to the galleys. About 100 rebels who had been Westphalian deserters were separated and taken to Brunswick, where 14 of them were ultimately executed. Eleven of Schill's officers were taken by Napoleon's orders to the fortress of Wesel where they were given a show trial and executed on September 16. Schill's body was decapitated. The corpse was dumped in an unmarked grave in Stralsund. The head was sent to Jerome Bonaparte as a trophy, but he gave it to a Dutch surgeon who collected oddities, and it remained at the University of Leiden until 1837, when German patriots obtained it for the dedication of a Schill monument in Brunswick. By the 1830s Schill was widely considered a hero throughout Germany. Monuments and historical markers to him or to his rebels were erected in ten towns and cities: Wesel, Stralsund, Braunschweig, Wilmsdorf, Potsdam, Ohlau, Anklam, Geldern, Dodendorf, and Wittenberg. MIlitary units were named after him, streets and plazas bear his name to this day. Over 400 biographies, novels, plays, operas, and collections of poetry have been published about him in German, and he is featured in over a dozen German films.
- Ferdinand Baptista von Schill war ein preußischer Offizier, der durch das von ihm gegründete und geführte Freikorps Schillsche Jäger bekannt wurde.
- Ferdinand Baptista von Schill – pruski oficer, uczestnik wojen napoleońskich, bohater narodowy Prus i Niemiec.
- Ferdinand Baptiste von Schill, född den 6 januari 1776 i Wilmsdorf vid Dresden (ej, såsom stundom uppges, i Sodow i Schlesien), död den 31 maj 1809 i Stralsund, var en preussisk militär och partigängare. Schill ingick 1788 i preussiska armén och upprättade 1807 en av 1 200 man bestående frikår, med hvilken han med framgång utförde åtskilliga till "lilla kriget" hörande företag mot fransmännen och bland annat kraftigt bidrog till Kolbergs försvar. Utnämnd till chef för ett husarregemente, gjorde han vid Österrikes krigsförklaring 1809 på eget bevåg ett infall i dåvarande franska kungariket Westfalen, intog, sedan en infanteribataljon tillhörande hans förra frikår tillstött, Dömitz och besatte Bernburg, men måste vid underrättelsen om Österrikes nederlag dra sig tillbaka till Mecklenburg. Den 25 maj intog han genom överrumpling det av fransmännen besatta Stralsund, vilken stad dock återtogs den 31 samma månad efter ett hårdnackat försvar, varvid Schill stupade. Av hans officerare blev 11 tillfångatagna och fysiljerade. Över Schill är monument resta i födelseorten Wilmsdorf och på flera andra ställen, till exempel Schillminnesstenen mellan Werder och Geltow. I den tyska litteraturen är Schills populära gestalt ofta behandlad, bland annat i sorgespel av Ruge och Gottschall. Han är huvudperson i två tyska filmer från nazitiden, Der Feuerreiter och Kolberg, men hans minne är högst levande ännu idag och aktualiseras på olika sätt. Så genomförs sedan 2005 andra veckoslutet i september varje år ett iscensättande av slaget i Stralsund.
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