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- Ernest Callenbach (born April 3, 1929) is an American writer. Born in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, he attended the University of Chicago, where he was drawn into the then 'new wave' of serious attention to film as an art form. After six months in Paris at the Sorbonne, watching four films a day, he returned to Chicago and earned a Master’s degree in English and Communications. Callenbach then moved to California. From 1955 to 1991, he was on the staff of the University of California Press. A general copywriter for a number of years, he edited the Press's Film Quarterly from 1958 until 1991. He also occasionally taught film courses at U.C. and at San Francisco State University. For many years Callenbach edited the Natural History Guides at the U.C. Press. He began to take environmental issues and their connections to human value systems, social patterns, and lifestyles just as seriously as he had taken film. He was heavily influenced by Edward Abbey. He is therefore known as an author of green books, namely as author of the ecological utopias Ecotopia (1975) and Ecotopia Emerging (1981). He is said to have coined the word "ecotopia. " In terms of concepts of human involvement with the ecology, as well as some of the economic and social concepts, the Ecotopia books are related to what is known as the sustainability movement. Callenbach’s Ecotopian concept is not "Luddite" — he does not reject high technology, but rather his fictional society shows a conscious selectivity about technology. As an example, with its emphasis on personal rather than impersonal interaction, Callenbach’s Ecotopian society anticipates the development and liberal usage of videoconferencing. Indeed, for all his involvement with print publications, Callenbach remained quite interested in visual media. Aspects of his book Ecotopia in some ways anticipated "reality TV" — which emerged into recognition, and was given a label as a genre, 20 or more years later — because in the story the daily life of the legislature and some of that of the judicial courts is televised in this fictional society, and televised debates (including technical debates concerning ecological problems) met a need and desire among citizens. Callenbach has been a part of the circle of West Coast technologists, architects, social thinkers, and scientists which has included such luminaries as Ursula K. Le Guin, Starhawk (Miriam Simos), Sim Van der Ryn, Peter Calthorpe, Stewart Brand, Kevin Kelly, J. Baldwin, and John Todd. As with a number of these others, he has been a speaker, discussion panellist, and essayist. Recently, Callenbach has introduced the story of a real-world community movement in Japan that is reminiscent, in its aims and practices, of his Ecotopian society. He visited Japan and investigated the Yamagishi movement. It encompasses some three dozen intentional communities founded on the same underlying principles: living an ecologically based integration of people with agriculture (pig, cattle, and chicken livestock rasing, and organic-vegetable and fruit farming), and living a social life based on principles of democracy, mutual understanding, support, and health. Each individual settlement is referred to as jikkenji (‘demonstration community for the world’).
- Ernest Callenbach ist ein US-amerikanischer Schriftsteller, Journalist und emeritierter Universitätslehrer. Er gilt als ökologischer Vordenker. Callenbach hat an der Universität von Chicago sowie der Pariser Sorbonne studiert und einen Mastergrad in Englisch und Kommunikation erworben. Er lehrte Filmgeschichte und –theorie an der University of California in Berkeley. Bis 1991 war er Herausgeber der Zeitschrift „Film Quarterly“. Callenbach ist neben Ursula K. Le Guin und Marge Piercy einer der aktuellen Gesellschaftsutopisten der Gegenwart und wird als solcher mitunter in einem Atemzug mit Herbert George Wells, Aldous Huxley und George Orwell genannt . Er lebt heute in Berkeley (Kalifornien).
- 欧内斯特·卡伦巴赫（Ernest Callenbach），生于1929年4月3日，是一位美国作家。 他出生在宾夕法尼亚州威廉斯波特，就读于芝加哥大学，在那里，他被卷入了当时的‘新浪潮运动’（严肃认真地关注作为一种艺术形式的电影）。他在巴黎的索邦大学呆了六个月，每天看四部电影，后来回到芝加哥，并获得了英语和通信新闻（English and Communications）专业硕士学位。 卡伦巴赫随后移居加利福尼亚州。从1955年到1991年，他在职于加州大学出版社（伯克利）。他担任了多年的广告文字总撰稿人，并于1958年到1991年主编出版社的《电影季刊》（Film Quarterly）。他还偶而在加州大学和旧金山州立大学教授电影课程。 卡伦巴赫有许多年在加州大学出版社主编自然历史指南（Natural History Guides）。他开始认真对待环境问题及它们同人类的价值体系、社会结构和生活方式的联系，就象他曾认真地去理解电影一样。他深受爱德华·艾比（Edward Abbey）的影响。他因此以绿色书籍的作者而著称，即《生态乌托邦》（1975）和《生态乌托邦之诞生》（1981）等生态乌托邦的作者。他据说创造了“生态乌托邦”一词。 就人类与生态环境密切联系的观念，以及某些经济学和社会学的概念而言，生态乌托邦系列书籍与所谓的可持续化运动相关。卡伦巴赫的生态乌托邦的概念不是“卢德运动”——他并不排斥高科技，而更确切地应该说他虚构的社会表现出了对于技术的一种自觉的选择性。例如，卡伦巴赫的生态乌托邦社会更强调私人交往，而非无人性的互动，故预测了视频会议的发展与广泛应用。 的确，尽管卡伦巴赫参与的是印刷出版，他对视觉媒体仍保持着相当浓厚的兴趣。某种程度上他的《生态乌托邦》一书在各个方面预测了“真人实境秀”——二十年后才得到认可，并被归为一种类型——因为故事中，在这个虚构的社会里，立法机关和司法法院的一些日常生活被通过电视播放，而电视辩论（包括关于生态问题的技术之争在内）则迎合了公民的需求。 卡伦巴赫是西岸的技术专家、建筑师、社会思想家和科学家圈子中的一员，其中的名流有厄休拉·勒吉恩、斯塔霍克（Starhawk (Miriam Simos)）、西蒙·范·德·瑞恩（Sim Van der Ryn）、彼得·卡尔索普（Peter Calthorpe）、斯图尔特·布兰德（Stewart Brand）、凯文·凯利（Kevin Kelly）、詹姆斯·鲍德温（J. Baldwin）和约翰·托德（John Todd）。正如许多其他这些人一样，他是演说家、专题座谈者，以及随笔作家。 最近，卡伦巴赫介绍了日本的一个社区运动的真实故事，从它的目标和实践上，都使人联想起他的生态乌托邦社会。他访问了日本，并调查了山岸运动（Yamagishi）。它涉及大约三打建立在同一基本原则之上的共同社区（intentional communities）：居住的农业（猪、牛和鸡的家畜饲养，还有有机蔬菜和水果的种植）人口在生态意义上的融合，社会生活基于民主、相互理解、相互支持和健康的原则。每一个个体的居民点都被称为是jikkenji（‘为世界示范的社区’）。
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- Ernest Callenbach (born April 3, 1929) is an American writer. Born in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, he attended the University of Chicago, where he was drawn into the then 'new wave' of serious attention to film as an art form. After six months in Paris at the Sorbonne, watching four films a day, he returned to Chicago and earned a Master’s degree in English and Communications. Callenbach then moved to California. From 1955 to 1991, he was on the staff of the University of California Press.
- Ernest Callenbach ist ein US-amerikanischer Schriftsteller, Journalist und emeritierter Universitätslehrer. Er gilt als ökologischer Vordenker. Callenbach hat an der Universität von Chicago sowie der Pariser Sorbonne studiert und einen Mastergrad in Englisch und Kommunikation erworben. Er lehrte Filmgeschichte und –theorie an der University of California in Berkeley. Bis 1991 war er Herausgeber der Zeitschrift „Film Quarterly“. Callenbach ist neben Ursula K.
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