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- Edison Studios was an American motion picture production company owned by the Edison Company of inventor Thomas Edison. The studio made close to 1,200 films as the Edison Manufacturing Company (1894–1911) and Thomas A. Edison, Inc. (1911–1918) until the studio's closing in 1918. Of that number, 54 were feature-length, the remainder were short films. Its first production facility, Edison's Black Maria studios in West Orange, New Jersey, was built in the winter of 1892–93. The second facility, a glass-enclosed rooftop studio built at 41 East 21st Street in Manhattan's entertainment district, opened in 1901. In 1907, Edison had new facilities built on Decatur Avenue and Oliver Place in The Bronx, New York. Thomas Edison himself played no direct part in the making of his studio's films beyond being the owner, appointing William Gilmore as vice-president and general manager. Edison's assistant William Kennedy Dickson, who supervised the development of Edison's motion picture system, produced the first Edison films intended for public exhibition, 1893–95. After Dickson's departure for Biograph in 1895, he was replaced as director of production by cameraman William Heise, then from 1896 to 1903 by James H. White. When White left to supervise Edison's European interests in 1903, he was replaced by William Markgraf (1903–1904), then Alex T. Moore (1904–1909), and Horace G. Plimpton (1909–1915). The first commercially exhibited motion pictures in the United States were from Edison, and shown at a Kinetoscope parlor in New York City in April 1894. The program consisted of ten short films, each less than a minute long, of athletes, dancers, and other performers. After competitors began exhibiting films on screens, Edison introduced its own Projecting Kinetoscope in late 1896. The earliest productions were brief "actualities" showing everything from acrobats to parades to fire calls. But competition from French and British story films in the early 1900s rapidly changed the market. By 1904, 85% of Edison's sales were from story films. Some of the studio's notable productions include The Kiss (1896), The Great Train Robbery (1903), the first Frankenstein film in 1910, the first ever serial made in 1912 titled What Happened to Mary, The Land Beyond the Sunset (1912), which film historian William K. Everson considered "the screen's first genuinely lyrical film," and a number of short "Kinetophone" sound films in 1913–1914 using a sophisticated acoustical recording system capable of picking up sound from 30 feet away. The studio also released a number of Raoul Barré cartoon films in 1915. Everson, calling Edison Studios "financially successful and artistically unambitious," wrote that other than directors Edwin S. Porter and John Hancock Collins,[T]he Edison studios never turned out a notable director, or even one above average. Nor did the Edison films show the sense of dynamic progress that one gets from studying the Biograph films on a year-by-year basis. On the contrary, there is a sense of stagnation. However, new restorations and screenings of Edison films in recent years contradict Everson's statement; indeed Everson's citing The Land Beyond the Sunset points out creativity at Edison beyond Porter and Collins as it was directed by Harold M. Shaw (1877 - 1926), who later went on to a successful career directing in England, South Africa, and Lithuania before returning to the US in 1922. Other important directors who started at Edison included Oscar Apfel, Charles Brabin, Alan Crosland, and Edward H. Griffith. In December 1908, Edison led the formation of the Motion Picture Patents Company in an attempt to control the industry and shut out smaller producers. The "Edison Trust,” as it was nicknamed, was made up of Edison, Biograph, Essanay Studios, Kalem Company, George Kleine Productions, Lubin Studios, Georges Méliès, Pathé, Selig Studios, and Vitagraph Studios, and dominated distribution through the General Film Company. The Motion Picture Patents Co. and the General Film Co. were found guilty of antitrust violation in October 1915, and were dissolved. The breakup of the Trust and the loss of European markets during World War I hurt Edison financially. Edison sold its film business, including the Bronx studio, on March 30 1918 to the Lincoln & Parker Film Company of Massachusetts.
- Edison Studios était une compagnie de production américaine lancée par la Edison Company, de l'inventeur Thomas Edison. Ce studio a réalisé plus de mille deux cents films sous le nom de Edison Manufacturing Company, entre 1894 et 1911, et sous le nom de Thomas A. Edison, Inc. de 1911 à 1918. Le studio a ensuite fermé. On remarque les studios de la Black Maria dans West Orange qui furent construits entre 1892 et 1893. Thomas Edison n'a pas immédiatement dirigé les studios mais William Gilmore, en tant que vice-président. De même William K.L. Dickson, assistant d'Edison, supervisera le développement du Kinétoscope, produira et réalisera la majorité des films. Après la création du département de Dickson pour le Biographe en 1895, il sera nommé directeur de la production par William Heise. Lorsque James H. White partit superviser le voyage d'Edison en Europe, William Markgraf et Alex T. Moore le remplaceront. La première exposition cinématographique publique aux États-Unis fut celle d'un salon du Kinétoscope à New York, en avril 1894. Le programme annonçait la projection de dix courts métrages, chacun d'une durée d'une minute environ. On y remarque plusieurs des productions célèbres incluant The Kiss, The Great Train Robbery, ou le premier Frankenstein mit en image en 1910. En décembre 1908, Edison mena la Motion Picture Patents Company pour avoir un certain contrôle sur l'industrie du cinéma.
- Gli Edison Studios furono delle compagnie cinematografiche statunitensi di proprietà della Edison Company dell'inventore Thomas Edison. Gli studi realizzarono 1.200 film come Edison Manufacturing Company e Thomas A. Edison, Inc. fino a che chiuserò nel 1918. Tra tutti i progetti, 54 erano lungometraggi, il resto cortometraggi. La prima struttura della produzione, la Black Maria uno studio di Edison in West Orange, nel New Jersey, venne edificata nell'inverno del 1982-83. La seconda struttura, uno studio col tetto in vetro-accluso edificato alla 21° strada del distretto di Manhattan, aprì nel 1901. Nel 1907, Edison edificò nuove struttere su Decatur Avenue e Oliver Place nel Bronx, New York.
- Эдисон — американская киностудия. Основана Томасом Эдисоном.
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- Edison Studios was an American motion picture production company owned by the Edison Company of inventor Thomas Edison. The studio made close to 1,200 films as the Edison Manufacturing Company (1894–1911) and Thomas A. Edison, Inc. (1911–1918) until the studio's closing in 1918. Of that number, 54 were feature-length, the remainder were short films. Its first production facility, Edison's Black Maria studios in West Orange, New Jersey, was built in the winter of 1892–93.
- Edison Studios était une compagnie de production américaine lancée par la Edison Company, de l'inventeur Thomas Edison. Ce studio a réalisé plus de mille deux cents films sous le nom de Edison Manufacturing Company, entre 1894 et 1911, et sous le nom de Thomas A. Edison, Inc. de 1911 à 1918. Le studio a ensuite fermé. On remarque les studios de la Black Maria dans West Orange qui furent construits entre 1892 et 1893.
- Gli Edison Studios furono delle compagnie cinematografiche statunitensi di proprietà della Edison Company dell'inventore Thomas Edison. Gli studi realizzarono 1.200 film come Edison Manufacturing Company e Thomas A. Edison, Inc. fino a che chiuserò nel 1918. Tra tutti i progetti, 54 erano lungometraggi, il resto cortometraggi. La prima struttura della produzione, la Black Maria uno studio di Edison in West Orange, nel New Jersey, venne edificata nell'inverno del 1982-83.
- Эдисон — американская киностудия. Основана Томасом Эдисоном.
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