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- The Republic of Genoa was technically a communal republic in the early Middle Ages, although it was actually an oligarchy ruled by a small group of merchant families, from whom were selected the Doges of Genoa. The first doge of Genoa, Simone Boccanegra, whose name is kept alive by Verdi's opera, was appointed by public acclaim in 1339. Initially the Doge of Genoa was elected without restriction and by popular suffrage, holding office for life in the so-called "perpetual dogate"; but after the reform effected by Andrea Doria in 1528 the term of his office was reduced to two years. At the same time plebeians were declared ineligible, and the appointment of the doge was entrusted to the members of the great council, the Gran Consiglio, who employed for this purpose a political system almost as complex as that of the later Venetians. The Palazzo Pubblico, where the doges had formerly presided, was expanded in 1388 to accommodate the new ruler and style of government, the first of a series of radical reconstructions. It was renamed Palazzo Ducale and magnificently rebuilt in the 16th century. Until recently the palazzo housed courts, but it now functions as Genoa's cultural center. Of all the "perpetual" doges of Genoa who ruled for their lifetime, only one ruled for more than eight years. Many resigned or were driven out before taking office. Some failed to complete a single day in power. Between 1339 and 1528, only four doges were legally elected. "Genoese doges were essentially faction leaders, in charge of the defense of Genoa and her territory", Christine Shaw has said. "Some of them liked to see themselves as effectively lords of the city, but they were not. " Genoa did not trust its doges; the ruling caste of Genoa tied them to executive committees, kept them on a small budget, and kept them apart from the communal revenues held at the "Casa di San Giorgio". Not surprisingly, the doges of Genoa have been less renowned than the doges of Venice. Still, the position of doge stood at the head of state patronage, and the city's inner group of leading merchant families vied with each other to place their man in the position. Rival elections were known to take place within the building. In 1389, a frustrated candidate made a surprise return from enforced exile accompanied by 7,000 supporters, and after dining amicably with the incumbent, politely but firmly ejected him, thanking him for serving so ably as his deputy during his own "unavoidable absence" from Genoa. For generations two powerful families in Genoa all but monopolized the dogate: the Adorno, supporters of imperial power in the Middle Ages, and the Campofregoso or Fregoso, supporters of papal power. Tomaso Campofregoso became doge three times: in 1415, 1421 and 1437. In 1461, Paolo Fregoso, archbishop of Genoa, enticed the current doge to his own palace, held him hostage and offered him the choice of retiring from the post or being hanged. When Fregoso was in due course himself toppled, he fled to the harbor, commandeered four galleys and launched himself on a whole new career as a pirate. While the doge's palace in Venice accumulated great furnishings and works of art over the years, in Genoa, each doge was expected to arrive with his own furnishings and, when he left, to strip the palace to its bare walls. Genoa's power peaked early, and it was eclipsed by Venice. In the 16th century the republic enjoyed a dramatic revival under the leadership of the admiral, statesman and patron of the arts Andrea Doria who ruled the state as a virtual dictator but never actually became doge. It was through the Spanish empire in the New World that Genoa became rich again. Doria served the Spanish Habsburgs as admiral-in-chief, and the bankers of Genoa handled Spain's financial business, which vastly enriched Genoa's banking oligarchy. The Napoleonic Wars put an end to the office of doge at Genoa. In 1797, when Napoleon Bonaparte incorporated Genoa into the newly organized Ligurian Republic, French soldiers and the city's mob ransacked the doge's palace.
- Die Dogen von Genua waren Herrscher der unabhängigen Stadtrepublik Genua in Norditalien. 1339 wurde in Genua nach venezianischem Vorbild das Dogenamt eingeführt. Der erste Doge war Simone Boccanegra. Durch eine Verfassungsänderung Andrea Dorias wurde die Amtszeit des Dogen auf zwei Jahre beschränkt, und seine Funktionen waren fortan nur repräsentativ. Das Dogenamt von Genua wurde im Jahr 1805 endgültig abgeschafft. Folgende Personen waren Dogen bzw. Gouverneure von Genua: Simone Boccanegra: 1339–1344 Giovanni di Murta: 1344–1350 Giovanni Valente: 1350–1353 Unter der Herrschaft der Visconti: 1353–1356(?) 1353–1354: Giovanni Visconti 1350–1354: Guglielmo Pallavicino 1354–1356(?): Matteo, Bernabò und Galeazzo II. Visconti 1355–1356(?): Gaspare Visconti Simone Boccanegra: 1356–1363 Gabriele Adorno: 1363–1370 Domenico di Campofregoso: 1370–1378 Antoniotto Adorno: 17. Juni 1378 Nicolò Guarco: 1378–1383 Federico Pagana: 7. Apri 1383 Leonardo Montaldo: 1383–1384 Antoniotto Adorno: 1384–1390 Giacomo Campofregoso: 1390–1391 Antoniotto Adorno: 1391–1392 Antoniotto di Montaldo: 1392–1393 Pietro Campofregoso: 15. Juli 1393 Clemente di Promontorio: 15. Juli 1393–16. Juli 1393 Francesco Giustiniano di Garibaldo: 16. Juli 1393–30. August 1393 Antoniotto di Montaldo: 1393–1394 Nicolò Zoagli: 24. Mai 1394–17. August 1394 Antonio Guarco: 17. August 1394–3. September 1394 Antoniotto Adorno: 1394–1396 Unter der Herrschaft von Karl VI. von Frankreich 1396–1413 1396–1397: Antoniotto Adorno 18. März 1397–August 1397: Valerando von Luxemburg-Ligny 1397–1398: Borleo von Luxemburg 1397–1398: Pietro Fresnel, Bischof von Meaux 1398–1400: Collardo di Callevilla 17. Januar 1400–21. März 1400: Battista Boccanegra 1400–1401: Battista de Franchi-Luxardo 22. September(?) 1401–30. Oktober 1401: Rinaldo d'Olivar 1401–1406: Jean Lemeingre 1406: Gilbert de La Fayette, Statthalter 1406(?)–1409: Ugo Cholet 1409–1413: Teodoro di Monferrato Giorgio Adorno: 1413–1415 Barnaba di Goano: 29. März 1415–3. Juli 1415 Tommaso di Campofregoso: 1415–1421 Unter der Herrschaft von Filippo Maria Visconti, Herzog von Mailand: 1421–1435 1421–1422: Francesco Bussone 17. Januar(?) 1422–31. März 1422: Urbano di Sant'Alosio 5. Dezember 1422–1424: Francesco Bussone 15. November 1424–1428: Giacomo degli Isolani, Kardinal 1428–1432: Bartolomeo Capra, Erzbischof von Mailand 1432–(?): Oldrado di Lampugnano 1434(?)–1435: Oppizino di Alzate 1432(?): Francesco Barbavara 25. Dezember 1435: Erasmo Trivulzio Isnardo Guarco: 28. März 1436–3. April 1436 Tommaso di Campofregoso: 1436–1437 Battista di Campofregoso: 24. März 1437 Tommaso di Campofregoso: 1437–1442 Raffaele Adorno: 1443–1447 Barnaba Adorno: 4. Januar 1447–30. Januar 1447 Giano di Campofregoso: 30. Januar 1447–16. Dezember 1447 Lodovico di Campofregoso: 1447–1450 Pietro di Campofregoso: 1450–1458 Unter der Herrschaft von Karl VII. von Frankreich: 1458–1461 1458–1459: Giovanni di Calabria 1459–1461: Ludovico la Vallée Prospero Adorno: 12. März 1461–17. Juli 1461 Spinetta di Campofregoso: 18. Juli 1461–20. Juli(?) 1461 Lodovico di Campofregoso: 25. Juli 1461–14. Mai 1462 Paolo di Campofregoso, Erzbischof von Genua: 14. Mai 1462–31. Mai 1462 Lodovico di Campofregoso: 1462–1463 Paolo di Campofregoso: 1463–1464 Unter der Herrschaft der Sforza: 1464–1477 1464–1466: Francesco I. Sforza, Herzog von Mailand 16. April 1464–18. September(?) 1464: Gaspare di Vimercate 1464–1466: Corrado di Fogliano 1466–1476: Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Herzog von Mailand 1466–1466: Baldassarre della Corte 1466–1468: Sagramoro Menclozzo 1468–1470: Corrado di Fogliano 23. August 1470–17. Dezember 1470: Giacomo Bovarello 1471–1473: Giovanni Pallavicino 1473–1475: Guido Visconte 1475–1477: Gian Francesco Pallavicino 26. Dezember 1476–15. März 1477: Gian Galeazzo Sforza, Herzog von Mailand Unter der Herrschaft der Sforza: 1477–1478 1477–1478: Gian Galeazzo Sforza 1477–1478: Prospero Adorno 1478: Branda da Castiglione, Bischof von Como 1478: Prospero Adorno Prospero Adorno und Lodovico di Campofregoso: 23. Oktober 1478–25. November 1478 Battista di Campofregoso: 1478–1483 Paolo di Campofregoso, Kardinal: 1483–1488 Unter der Herrschaft der Sforza: 6. Januar 1488–7. August 1488 6. Januar 1488–7. August 1488: Gian Galeazzo Sforza, Herzog von Mailand 6. Januar(?) 1488–7. August 1488: Paolo di Campofregoso, Erzbischof und Kardinal Unter der Herrschaft der Sforza: 1488–1499 1488–1494: Gian Galeazzo Sforza, Herzog von Mailand 1488–1499: Agostino Adorno 1494–1499: Ludovico Maria Sforza, Herzog von Mailand 1494(?)–1499: Corrado Stanga Unter der Herrschaft von Ludwig XII. von Frankreich: 1499–1507 26. Oktober 1499–3. November 1499: Scipione Barbavara 1499–1506: Philipp von Kleve-Ravenstein 1506–1507: Filippo Roccabertin Paolo da Novi: 10. April 1507–27. April 1507 Unter der Herrschaft von Ludwig XII. von Frankreich: 1507–1512 1507–1508: Rodolfo di Lanoy 1508–1512: Francesco di Rochechouard Giano di Campofregoso: 1512–1513 Unter der Herrschaft von Ludwig XII. von Frankreich: 25. Mai 1513–20. Januar 1513 Antoniotto Adorno Ottaviano di Campofregoso: 1513–1515 Unter der Herrschaft von Franz I. von Frankreich: 1515–1522 Ottaviano di Campofregoso Antoniotto II. Adorno: 1522–1527 Unter der Herrschaft von Franz I. von Frankreich: 1527–1528 Teodoro Trivulzio Oberto Cattaneo Lazzari: 1528– 1530 Battista Spinola: 1531–1533 Battista Lomellini: 1533–1535 Cristoforo Rosso Grimaldi: 1535–1537 Giovanni Battista Doria: 1537–1539 Giannandrea Lungo Giustiniani: 1539–1541 Leonardo Cattaneo della Volta: 1541–1543 Andrea Centurione Pietrasanta: 1543–1545 Giovanni Battista De Fornari: 1545–1547 Benedetto Gentile Pevere: 1547–1549 Gaspare Grimaldi Bracelli: 1549–1551 Luca Spinola: 1551–1553 Giacomo Promontorio: 1553–1555 Agostino Pinello Ardimenti: 1555–1557 Pietro Giovanni Chiavica Cibo: 1557–1558 Girolamo Vivaldi: 1559–1561 Paolo Battista Giudice Calvi: 4. Januar 1561–27. September 1561 Battista Cicala Zoaglio: 1561–1563 Giovanni Battista Lercari: 1563–1565 Odorico Ottavio Gentile: 1565–1567 Simone Spinola: 1567–1569 Paolo Giustiniani Moneglia: 1569–1571 Gianotto Lomellini: 1571–1573 Giacomo Durazzo Grimaldi: 1573–1575 Prospero Centurione Fattinanti: 1575–1577 Giovanni Battista Gentile Pignolo: 1577–1579 Nicolò Doria: 1579–1581 Gerolamo De Franchi Toso: 1581–1583 Gerolamo Chiavari: 1583–1585 Ambrogio Di Negro: 1585–1587 Davide Vacca (oder Vaccari): 1587–1589 Battista Negrone: 1589–1591 Giovannni Agostino Campi Giustiniani: 1591–1593 Antonio Cebà Grimaldi: 1593–1595 Matteo Senarega: 1595–1597 Lazzaro Cebà Grimaldi: 1597–1599 Lorenzo Sauli: 1599–1601 Agostino Doria: 1601–1603 Pietro (Sacco) De Franchi: 1603–1605 Luca (De Castro) Grimaldi: 1605–1607 Silvestro Invrea: 1607–1607 Gerolamo Assereto: 1607–1609 Agostino Luciani Pinello: 1609–1611 Alessandro Longo Giustiniani: 1611–1613 Tomaso Spinola: 1613–1615 Bernardo Clavarezza: 1615–1617 Giovanni Giacomo (Tartaro) Imperiale: 1617–1619 Pietro Durazzo: 1619–1621 Ambrogio Doria: 1621–1621 Giorgio Centurione: 1621–1623 Federico De Franchi: 1623–1625 Giacomo Lomellini: 1625–1627 Giovanni Luca Chiavari: 1627–1629 Andrea Spinola: 1629–1631 Leonardo Della Torre: 1631–1633 Giovanni Stefano Doria: 1633–1635 Gian Francesco Brignole Sale I. : 1635–1637 Agostino Pallavicini: 1637–1639 Giovanni Battista Durazzo: 1639–1641 Giovanni Agostino De Marini: 1641–1642 Giovanni Battista Lercari: 1642–1644 Luca Giustiniani: 1644–1646 Giovanni Battista Lomellini: 1646–1648 Giacomo (Toso) De Franchi: 1648–1650 Agostino Centurione: 1650–1652 Gerolamo De Franchi: 1652–1654 Alessandro Spinola: 1654–1656 Giulio Sauli: 1656–1658 Giovani Battista Centurione: 1658–1660 Gian Bernardo Frugoni: 1660–1661 Antoniotto Invrea: 1661–1663 Stefano De Mari: 1663–1665 Cesare Durazzo: 1665–1667 Cesare Gentile: 1667–1669 Francesco Garbarino: 1669–1671 Alessandro Grimaldi: 1671–1673 Agostino Saluzzo: 1673–1675 Antonio Da Passano: 1675–1677 Giannettino Odone : 1677–1679 Agostino Spinola: 1679–1681 Luca Maria Invrea: 1681–1683 Francesco Maria Lercari Imperiale: 1683–1685 Pietro Durazzo: 1685–1687 Luca Spinola: 1687–1689 Oberto Della Torre: 1689–1691 Giovanni Battista Cattaneo: 1691–1693 Francesco Invrea: 1693–1695 Bendinelli Negrone: 1695–1697 Francesco Maria Sauli: 1697–1699 Girolamo De Mari: 1699–1701 Federico De Franchi: 1701–1703 Antonio Cebà Grimaldi: 1703–1705 Stefano Onorato Ferreti: 1705–1707 Domenico Maria De Mari: 1707–1709 Vincenzo Durazzo: 1709–1711 Francesco Maria Imperiale: 1711–1713 Giovanni Antonio Giustiniani: 1713–1715 Lorenzo Centurione: 1715–1717 Benedetto Viale: 1717–1719 Ambrogio Imperiale: 1719–1721 Cesare De Franchi: 1721–1723 Domenico Negrone: 1723–1725 Gerolamo Veneroso: 1726–1728 Luca Grimaldi: 1728–1730 Francesco Maria Balbi: 1730–1732 Domenico Maria Spinola: 1732–1734 Stefano Durazzo: 1734–1736 Nicolò Cattaneo: 1736–1738 Costantini Balbi: 1738–1740 Nicolò Spinola: 1740–1742 Domenico Canevaro: 1742–1744 Lorenzo De Mari: 1744–1746 Gian Francesco Brignole Sale II. : 1746–1748 Cesare Cattaneo Della Volta: 1748–1750 Agostino Viale: 1750–1752 Stefano Lomellini: 1752–1752 Giovanni Battista Grimaldi: 1752–1754 Gian Giacomo Veneroso: 1754–1756 Giovanni Giacomo Grimaldi: 1756–1758 Matteo Franzoni: 1758–1760 Agostino Lomellini: 1760–1762 Rodolfo Giulio Brignole Sale: 1762–1764 Francesco Maria Della Rovere: 1765–1767 Marcello Durazzo: 1767–1769 Giovanni Battista Negrone: 1769–1771 Giovanni Battista Cambiaso: 1771–1773 Ferdinando Spinola: 1773–1773 Pier Franco Grimaldi: 1773–1775 Brizio Giustiniani: 1775–1777 Giuseppe Lomellini: 1777–1779 Giacomo Maria Brignole: 1779–1781 Marco Antonio Gentile: 1781–1783 Giovanni Battista Ayroli: 1783–1785 Gian Varlo Pallavicino: 1785–1787 Raffaele De Ferrari: 1787–1789 Alerame Maria Pallavicini: 1789–1791 Michelangelo Cambiaso: 1791–1793 Giuseppe Maria Doria: 1793–1795 Giacomo Maria Brignole: 1795–1797
- Le Doge de Gênes (du latin dux, « chef ») est le dirigeant de la république de Gênes.
- Nell'elenco dei Dogi della Repubblica di Genova sono inclusi i periodi delle cosiddette dedizioni e dei governatorati. Le liste che seguono distinguono i dogi eletti a vita e quelli eletti con carica biennale.
- Doża Genui - wódz, najwyższy urzędnik w Republice Genui. Urząd doży wprowadzono w roku 1339. Jednak z powodu ciągłych walk pomiędzy rodami oraz wojen z innymi krajami, do roku 1528 tylko pięciu dożów zostało oficjalnie wybranych na urząd. Pozostali władcy Genui w tym czasie zdobywali władzę siłą bądź byli mianowani przez okupantów. Po reformie dokonanej przez Andrea Doria w 1528 r. dożowie byli wybierani na dwuletnią kadencję. Plik:Giovanni Visconti. jpg|Giovanni Visconti Plik:Gian Galeazzo II. Maria Sforza. jpg|Gian Galeazzo Sforza Plik:Giovanni Giacomo Grimaldi doge di Genoa 1756-1758. jpg|Giovanni Giacomo Grimaldi, doża 1756-1758 Plik:Raffaele De Ferrari Rodino (1732-1801). jpg|Raffaele De Ferrari Rodino (1732-1801), doża 1787-1789 Plik:Michelangelo Cambiaso - doge della Repubblica di Genova 1792. jpg|Michelangelo Cambiaso, doża 1791-1793 Chronologiczna lista dożów Genui:
- Файл:Flag of Genoa. svg Флаг Генуэской республики Система управления в Генуэзской республике или, как её ещё называли Республике Святого Георгия, не была монолитной. В республике постоянно шла борьба за власть между различными группировками. Кроме того, из-за своего расположения Генуя часто оказывалась под управлением оккупационных правительств. Это являлось следствием частой смены руководителей республики. В 1099 году в Генуе было введено правление коллегии консулов, которых избирали на годичный срок. Первый единоличный правитель — дож (по примеру Венецианской республики) был избран в 1399 году. В 1815 году по решению Венского конгресса Генуэзская республика была упразднена, а её территория отошла к Сардинскому королевству. Ниже приведён список генуэзских дожей, привязанный к времени их правления:
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