Developmental state, or hard state, is a term used by international political economy scholars to refer to the phenomenon of state-led macroeconomic planning in East Asia in the late twentieth century. In this model of capitalism (sometimes referred to as state development capitalism), the state has more independent, or autonomous, political power, as well as more control over the economy.

PropertyValue
dbpprop:abstract
  • Developmental state, or hard state, is a term used by international political economy scholars to refer to the phenomenon of state-led macroeconomic planning in East Asia in the late twentieth century. In this model of capitalism (sometimes referred to as state development capitalism), the state has more independent, or autonomous, political power, as well as more control over the economy. A development state is characterized by having strong state intervention, as well as extensive regulation and planning. The term has subsequently been used to describe countries outside East Asia which satisfy the criteria of a developmental state. Botswana, for example, has warranted the label since the early 1970s. One of the innovators in the discussion of the developmental state was Chalmers Johnson in his MITI and the Japanese Miracle: In states that were late to industrialize, the state itself led the industrialization drive, that is, it took on developmental functions. These two differing orientations toward private economic activities, the regulatory orientation and the developmental orientation, produced two different kinds of business-government relationships. The United States is a good example of a state in which the regulatory orientation predominates, whereas Japan is a good example of a state in which the developmental orientation predominates. A regulatory state governs the economy mainly through regulatory agencies that are empowered to enforce a variety of standards of behavior to protect the public against market failures of various sorts, including monopolistic pricing, predation, and other abuses of market power, and by providing collective goods (such as national defense or public education) that otherwise would be undersupplied by the market. In contrast, a developmental state intervenes more directly in the economy through a variety of means to promote the growth of new industries and to reduce the dislocations caused by shifts in investment and profits from old to new industries. In other words, developmental states can pursue industrial policies, while regulatory states generally can not. As in the case of Japan, there is little government ownership of industry, but the private sector is rigidly guided and restricted by bureaucratic government elites. These bureaucratic government elites are not elected officials and are thus less subject to influence by either the corporate-class or working-class through the political process. The argument from this perspective is that a government ministry can have the freedom to plan the economy and look to long-term national interests without having their economic policies disrupted by either corporate-class or working-class short-term or narrow interests.
  • Per teoria dello stato sviluppista si intende quell’approccio allo sviluppo utilizzato dagli studiosi dell’International Political Economy per delineare il fenomeno della pianificazione macroeconomica guidata dallo Stato, effettuatasi nei paesi dell’Asia meridionale e orientale alla fine del XX secolo. La teoria dello stato sviluppista (developmental State) è stata elaborata in risposta alla teoria del sistema – mondo, ristabilendo la centralità dello Stato nel processo di sviluppo. Tale teoria nega la linearità e la universalità del processo di sviluppo, basandosi sull’idea che la crescita economica sia interconnessa con la politica e che lo Stato abbia un ruolo preminente nel determinare il processo storico: negando la linearità del processo di sviluppo e sottolineando l’unicità di ogni paese di determinare il processo storico in relazione alle dinamiche di classe e alla forza e autonomia dello Stato stesso, la teoria dello Stato sviluppista risulta strettamente legata al concetto di path dependency. Lo sviluppo, inoltre, non avviene per fasi precostituite e dipende dalla stabilità dello Stato nell’implementare politiche di sostegno alla realizzazione dello sviluppo stesso. Le caratteristiche di questo approccio sono: nazionalismo economico, enfasi sulla massimizzazione delle quote di mercato piuttosto che sulla massimizzazione del profitto, protezione dell’industria interna, sviluppata burocrazia di governo, corporativismo (alleanza tra Stato, lavoratori e industriali), scetticismo verso il neoliberismo e il Washington Consensus, priorità della crescita economica sulle riforme politiche.
dbpprop:hasPhotoCollection
dbpprop:reference
rdf:type
rdfs:comment
  • Developmental state, or hard state, is a term used by international political economy scholars to refer to the phenomenon of state-led macroeconomic planning in East Asia in the late twentieth century. In this model of capitalism (sometimes referred to as state development capitalism), the state has more independent, or autonomous, political power, as well as more control over the economy.
  • Per teoria dello stato sviluppista si intende quell’approccio allo sviluppo utilizzato dagli studiosi dell’International Political Economy per delineare il fenomeno della pianificazione macroeconomica guidata dallo Stato, effettuatasi nei paesi dell’Asia meridionale e orientale alla fine del XX secolo. La teoria dello stato sviluppista (developmental State) è stata elaborata in risposta alla teoria del sistema – mondo, ristabilendo la centralità dello Stato nel processo di sviluppo.
rdfs:label
  • Developmental state
  • Developmental state
owl:sameAs
skos:subject
foaf:page
is dbpprop:redirect of
is owl:sameAs of