Crystal Dynamics is an American video game developer based in the San Francisco Bay Area and founded in 1992 by Judy Lang, Madaline Canepa and Dave Morris. It was acquired by Eidos Interactive, a British video game publisher, in 1998 and, following Square Enix's acquisition of Eidos in 2009, is now a subsidiary of Square Enix. Crystal Dynamics was formed in mid-1992 by Sega veterans Judy Lange (sales and acting CEO), Madeline Canepa (marketing) and Dave Morse (Amiga).

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  • 1992-01-01 00:00:00 (xsd:date)
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  • Judy Lange
    Madeline Canepa
    Dave Morse
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    Madeline Canepa
    Dave Morse
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  • Crystal Dynamics is an American video game developer based in the San Francisco Bay Area and founded in 1992 by Judy Lang, Madaline Canepa and Dave Morris. It was acquired by Eidos Interactive, a British video game publisher, in 1998 and, following Square Enix's acquisition of Eidos in 2009, is now a subsidiary of Square Enix. Crystal Dynamics was formed in mid-1992 by Sega veterans Judy Lange (sales and acting CEO), Madeline Canepa (marketing) and Dave Morse (Amiga). Crystal was the first licensed developer for 3DO, a gaming hardware platform simultaneously funded by Kleiner Perkins. In 1993 Strauss Zelnick, then president of 20th Century Fox's film studio, was hired to run Crystal Dynamics. This made national news and helped to touch off the frenzy of multimedia investments of the mid-1990s. 3DO's launch during the 1993 Christmas season was a commercial failure, undermining Crystal's one-platform software strategy. Zelnick, Lange and Mark Cerny all resigned at about this time. The next strategy was to become a leading publisher for two new 32-bit, 3D-capable consoles, the Sony PlayStation and the Sega Saturn. Randy Komisar was hired away from LucasArts in 1994 to replace Zelnick as CEO. Crystal Dynamics expanded to a staff of 140, and shipped some of the world's first PlayStation and Saturn games for Christmas 1994. However, losses continued to mount. Sony Computer Entertainment of America, which had the power to set both retail price and cost of goods for licensed publishers of Playstation games, dictated a reduced retail price for such games. This reduced the contribution margin of Crystal Dynamics games to a point where the company could not make money on its existing sales and cost structure. In May 1996, with more than $80m gone and no route to profitability in sight, Kleiner Perkins pulled the plug on the publishing strategy laid out two years earlier. Komisar and most senior management resigned within a few days, and forty percent of the staff was laid off. Crystal was recast as a boutique game developer, and buyers were sought. Eidos finally bought the firm in 1998. Crystal Dynamics has developed games both for the PC and for various consoles. At one time Crystal Dynamics was also a publisher, mostly publishing games that it had developed itself. However, it also published several games developed by other companies. Crystal Dynamics had been most well known for developing the Legacy of Kain and Gex series, but in 2003 the studio was entrusted the development of the best-selling Tomb Raider franchise after original developer Core Design failed to gain critical or commercial success with their later Tomb Raider games, and released in 2006 its first game in the series, Tomb Raider: Legend, which was the fastest selling game in the entire series, with more than 2.6 million units sold worldwide. Crystal Dynamics recently co-developed Tomb Raider: Anniversary with developer Buzz Monkey Software. Tomb Raider: Anniversary, a remake of the first Tomb Raider game from 1996, was released in June 2007. The next installment, Tomb Raider Underworld, was released on November 2008 on next-generation consoles. As of April 2, 2007 Crystal Dynamics is now located in Redwood City at 1300 Seaport Blvd. The company left its Menlo Park location after nine years as it had outgrown its office space. Crystal Dynamics shares its new office space with Eidos's North American office which had previously been located in San Francisco before April 2, 2007.
  • Crystal Dynamics ist ein Spielesoftwareunternehmen in San Francisco. 1998 wurde es von dem britischen Publisher Eidos Interactive aufgekauft. Crystal Dynamics entwickelt Spiele sowohl für den PC als auch für verschiedene Spielkonsolen. Das Haus war auch kurze Zeit als Publisher tätig. Hauptsächlich wurden die im eigenen Hause entwickelten Spiele vertrieben.
  • Crystal Dynamics est un éditeur et développeur de jeux vidéo américain, établi dans la région de San Francisco. Le studio a été créé en 1992, et en 1993 ils ont réalisé leur tout premier jeu, Crash 'N Burn sur 3DO, un jeu de course futuriste en 3D. Cette équipe s'est fait connaître dans le monde du jeu vidéo, pour avoir repris la franchise Legacy of Kain en 1999, et Tomb Raider en 2006. Ce studio de développement appartient depuis 1998 à l'éditeur britannique Eidos. Amy Hennig est la réalisatrice et scénariste la plus emblématique du studio. Elle y a officié de 1995 à 2004, année à laquelle elle a rejoint Naughty Dog, un autre développeur très connu.
  • La Crystal Dynamics è un'azienda Statunitense produttrice di videogiochi con sede a Redwood City in California. La società venne fondata nel 1992 e nel 1998 venne acquisita dalla Eidos Interactive. La Crystal Dynamics è nota per lo sviluppo di videogiochi celebre per titoli quali Pandemonium, Pandemonium 2, Blood Omen: Legacy of Kain e la serie Gex. I videogiochi sono stati sviluppati per PlayStation e per Microsoft Windows. L'ultima produzione è Tomb Raider: Underworld, sviluppato per Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii e Telefono cellulare. Tomb Raider: Underworld è il terzo episodio di una trilogia iniziata con Tomb Raider: Legend. Attualmente, negli studi in California, si sta sviluppando il prossimo capitolo della saga (Tomb Raider IX).
  • クリスタル・ダイナミックス（Crystal Dynamics）は、アメリカ合衆国サンフランシスコのゲーム開発会社である。独立的な開発会社として活動していたが、1997年からアイドスと提携し、アイドスがスクウェア・エニックスに買収されたため、現在はスクウェア・エニックスの小会社となっている。トゥームレイダーシリーズ、レガシー・オブ・ケインシリーズなどを開発している。
  • Crystal Dynamics – amerykański producent gier komputerowych, którego siedziba mieści się w rejonie zatoki San Francisco. W 1998 roku Crystal Dynamics wykupione zostało przez brytyjską firmę Eidos Interactive, z którą współpracuje do dziś. Założone zostało w połowie 1992 roku przez Judy’ego Lange’a, Madeline Canepę i Dave’a Morse’a, weteranów Segi, niedługo później nawiązując współpracę z The 3DO Company. Najbardziej znanymi produkcjami Crystal Dynamics są serie Legacy of Kain i Gex, od 2003 roku firma odpowiedzialna jest również za markę Tomb Raider, do której prawa otrzymała po tym, jak Eidos odebrał je studiu Core Design.
  • Crystal Dynamics é uma empresa norte-americana, com um forte presença a nível mundial, criando jogos como: Legacy of Kain e Tomb Raider.
  • Crystal Dynamics este un dezvoltator de jocuri video ce a fost contractat de către Eidos Interactive în 1998. A fost creat de către Judy Lange, Madeline Canepa (ce se ocupă de marketing), şi Dave Morse. Crystal Dynamics este cunoscut mai ales pentru seria de jocuri Legacy of Kain şi pentru ultimele jocuri din seria Tomb Raider: Tomb Raider: Legend şi Tomb Raider: Anniversary.
  • Компания Crystal Dynamics является издателем и разработчиком игр для различных платформ — PC, PlayStation, PlayStation 2, Nintendo 64, GameCube, Sega DreamCast и GameBoy Color. Как известно, именно эта команда будет теперь разрабатывать дальнейшую серию игр Tomb Raider после Core Design.
  • Crystal Dynamics är namnet på en företag som utvecklar spel. Företaget grundades år 1992 och köptes ut av Eidos Interactive år 1998. Företaget är bl.a. känt för spelserien Gex, och ett antal versioner av Tomb Raider-spelen.
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  • Independent
    Square Enix (2009-present)
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  • Crystal Dynamics is an American video game developer based in the San Francisco Bay Area and founded in 1992 by Judy Lang, Madaline Canepa and Dave Morris. It was acquired by Eidos Interactive, a British video game publisher, in 1998 and, following Square Enix's acquisition of Eidos in 2009, is now a subsidiary of Square Enix. Crystal Dynamics was formed in mid-1992 by Sega veterans Judy Lange (sales and acting CEO), Madeline Canepa (marketing) and Dave Morse (Amiga).
  • Crystal Dynamics ist ein Spielesoftwareunternehmen in San Francisco. 1998 wurde es von dem britischen Publisher Eidos Interactive aufgekauft. Crystal Dynamics entwickelt Spiele sowohl für den PC als auch für verschiedene Spielkonsolen. Das Haus war auch kurze Zeit als Publisher tätig. Hauptsächlich wurden die im eigenen Hause entwickelten Spiele vertrieben.
  • Crystal Dynamics est un éditeur et développeur de jeux vidéo américain, établi dans la région de San Francisco. Le studio a été créé en 1992, et en 1993 ils ont réalisé leur tout premier jeu, Crash 'N Burn sur 3DO, un jeu de course futuriste en 3D. Cette équipe s'est fait connaître dans le monde du jeu vidéo, pour avoir repris la franchise Legacy of Kain en 1999, et Tomb Raider en 2006. Ce studio de développement appartient depuis 1998 à l'éditeur britannique Eidos.
  • La Crystal Dynamics è un'azienda Statunitense produttrice di videogiochi con sede a Redwood City in California. La società venne fondata nel 1992 e nel 1998 venne acquisita dalla Eidos Interactive. La Crystal Dynamics è nota per lo sviluppo di videogiochi celebre per titoli quali Pandemonium, Pandemonium 2, Blood Omen: Legacy of Kain e la serie Gex. I videogiochi sono stati sviluppati per PlayStation e per Microsoft Windows.
  • Crystal Dynamics – amerykański producent gier komputerowych, którego siedziba mieści się w rejonie zatoki San Francisco. W 1998 roku Crystal Dynamics wykupione zostało przez brytyjską firmę Eidos Interactive, z którą współpracuje do dziś. Założone zostało w połowie 1992 roku przez Judy’ego Lange’a, Madeline Canepę i Dave’a Morse’a, weteranów Segi, niedługo później nawiązując współpracę z The 3DO Company.
  • Crystal Dynamics é uma empresa norte-americana, com um forte presença a nível mundial, criando jogos como: Legacy of Kain e Tomb Raider.
  • Crystal Dynamics este un dezvoltator de jocuri video ce a fost contractat de către Eidos Interactive în 1998. A fost creat de către Judy Lange, Madeline Canepa (ce se ocupă de marketing), şi Dave Morse. Crystal Dynamics este cunoscut mai ales pentru seria de jocuri Legacy of Kain şi pentru ultimele jocuri din seria Tomb Raider: Tomb Raider: Legend şi Tomb Raider: Anniversary.
  • Компания Crystal Dynamics является издателем и разработчиком игр для различных платформ — PC, PlayStation, PlayStation 2, Nintendo 64, GameCube, Sega DreamCast и GameBoy Color. Как известно, именно эта команда будет теперь разрабатывать дальнейшую серию игр Tomb Raider после Core Design.
  • Crystal Dynamics är namnet på en företag som utvecklar spel. Företaget grundades år 1992 och köptes ut av Eidos Interactive år 1998. Företaget är bl.a. känt för spelserien Gex, och ett antal versioner av Tomb Raider-spelen.
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  • クリスタル・ダイナミックス
  • Crystal Dynamics
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