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- Als Converso wurden im spanischen und portugiesischen Sprachraum zum katholischen Christentum konvertierte Juden und deren Nachkommen bezeichnet. Konvertiten aus der maurischen Bevölkerung, die vom Islam zum Katholizismus konvertierten, wurden dagegen als Moriscos bezeichnet. Anfänglich galten Conversos allein schon durch den Akt der Wahl als ausgezeichnete Christen. In den meisten Fällen fand die Konversion jedoch unter Zwang statt und die Conversos standen oft unter dem Verdacht, weiterhin ihre alte Religion auszuüben. Ab dem 13. Jahrhundert wurde ein zunehmender Antisemitismus gegen die Neu-Christen (cristianos nuevos span. / cristãos novos port. ) spürbar. Diese Spannungen, die auch wirtschaftlichen Interessen der Alt-Christen (cristianos viejos span. / cristãos-velhos port. ) dienten, mündeten schließlich zum Ende des Mittelalters in eine Verfolgung der Conversos durch die Inquisition. Converso und Marrano sind in der heutigen Forschung die gängigen Bezeichnungen für Judeoconversos iberischer Herkunft und deren Nachkommen. Vorlage:Hauptartikel
- Conversos and its feminine form conversa referred to Jews or Muslims or the descendants of Jews or Muslims who converted to Catholicism in Spain and Portugal, particularly during the 14th and 15th centuries. Mass conversions took place under great governmental pressure. The Treaty of Granada (1491) at the last surrender of Al-Andalus issued clear protection of religious rights; the Alhambra Decree (1492) began the reversal. See the main articles: Morisco for new Christians of Moorish origin. The term morisco may also refer to Crypto-Muslims, i.e. those who secretly continued to practice Islam. Marrano for new Christians of Jewish origin. The term marrano may also refer to Crypto-Jews, i.e. those who secretly continued to practice Judaism. Conversos were subject to suspicion and harassment from both the community they were leaving and that which they were joining. Both Christians and Jews called them tornadizo (renegade). James I, Alfonso X and John I passed laws forbidding the use of this epithet. This was part of a larger pattern of royal protection, as laws were promulgated to protect their property, forbid attempts to reconvert them, and regulate the behavior of the conversos themselves, preventing their cohabitation or even dining with Jews, lest they convert back. The conversos did not enjoy legal equality. Alfonso VII prohibited the "recently converted" from holding office in Toledo. They had both supporters and bitter opponents within the Christian secular and religious leadership. Conversos could be found in various roles within the Iberian kingdoms, from bishop to royal mistress, showing a degree of general acceptance, yet they became targets of occasional pogroms during times of extreme social tension (as during an epidemic and after an earthquake). They were subject to the Spanish and Portuguese inquisitions. While pure blood would come to be placed at a premium, particularly among the nobility, in a 15th-century defense of conversos, Bishop Lope de Barrientos would list what Roth calls "a veritable 'Who's Who' of Spanish nobility" as having converso members or being of converso descent. He pointed out that given the near-universal conversion of Iberian Jews during Visigothic times, (quoting Roth) "[W W]ho among the Christians of Spain could be certain that he is not a descendant of those conversos?" History of al-Andalus File:Granada Alhambra gazelle Poterie 9019. JPG 711–1492 Invasions Omayyad conquest Battles : Battle of Guadalete Battle of Toulouse | Battle of Tours Omayyads of Córdoba Caliphate of Córdoba Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir Taifas Almoravids Almoravid conquest Battle of Sagrajas Almohads Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa Emirate of Granada Nasrid dynasty Battle of Granada connected articles Map of Al-Andalus Reconquista History of SpainFile:Escudo de España (mazonado). svgEarly HistoryPrehistoric IberiaRoman HispaniaMedieval SpainVisigothic KingdomKingdom of AsturiasSuebic KingdomByzantine Spaniaal-AndalusReconquistaKingdom of SpainAge of ExpansionAge of EnlightenmentRepublicReaction and RevolutionFirst Spanish RepublicThe RestorationSecond Spanish RepublicUnder FrancoSpanish Civil WarSpanish StateModern SpainTransition to DemocracyModern SpainTopicsEconomic HistoryMilitary HistorySpain Portal v • d • e According to a widely publicised study (December 2008) published in the American Journal of Human Genetics, 19.8 percent of modern Spaniards (and Portuguese) have DNA reflecting Sephardic Jewish ancestry (compared to 10.6 percent having DNA reflecting Moorish ancestors. The Sephardic result is in contradiction or not replicated in all the body of genetic studies done in Iberia and has been relativized by the authors themselves and questioned by Stephen Oppenheimer who estimates that much earlier migrations, 5,000 to 10,000 years ago from the Eastern Mediterranean, might also have accounted for the Sephardic estimates. "They are really assuming that they are looking at this migration of Jewish immigrants, but the same lineages could have been introduced in the Neolithic". The same authors in also a recent study attributed most of those same lineages in Iberia and the Balearic Islands as of Phoenician origin. The rest of genetic studies done in Spain estimate the Moorish contribution ranging from 2.5/3.4% to 7.7%.
- Converso e la sua forma femminile conversa, fanno riferimento a ebrei o musulmani o loro discendenti che si sono convertiti, talvolta contro la loro volontà, al cattolicesimo in Spagna, in particolare durante il XIV e XV secolo. Si vedano gli articoli principali: Morisco per i convertiti di origine moresca. Marrano per i convertiti di origine ebraica. Il termine marrano viene usato in particolare per indicare i cripto-ebrei, ovvero quelli che in segreto continuarono a professare l'ebraismo. I conversos ebraici erano spesso sospettati di conservare in questo modo i loro riti ancestrali, ed erano un bersaglio particolare dell'inquisizione spagnola, ma contribuirono incredibilmente alla vita culturale e politica della Spagna e comprendono santa Teresa d'Avila e, si disse, il Grande Inquisitore Tomás de Torquemada.
- コンベルソ（converso）は、スペイン語でユダヤ教からカトリックへの改宗者を指す。
- Converso is de Spaanse of Portugese term voor een bekeerling tot het christendom.
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- コンベルソ（converso）は、スペイン語でユダヤ教からカトリックへの改宗者を指す。
- Converso is de Spaanse of Portugese term voor een bekeerling tot het christendom.
- Als Converso wurden im spanischen und portugiesischen Sprachraum zum katholischen Christentum konvertierte Juden und deren Nachkommen bezeichnet. Konvertiten aus der maurischen Bevölkerung, die vom Islam zum Katholizismus konvertierten, wurden dagegen als Moriscos bezeichnet. Anfänglich galten Conversos allein schon durch den Akt der Wahl als ausgezeichnete Christen.
- Conversos and its feminine form conversa referred to Jews or Muslims or the descendants of Jews or Muslims who converted to Catholicism in Spain and Portugal, particularly during the 14th and 15th centuries. Mass conversions took place under great governmental pressure. The Treaty of Granada (1491) at the last surrender of Al-Andalus issued clear protection of religious rights; the Alhambra Decree (1492) began the reversal. See the main articles: Morisco for new Christians of Moorish origin.
- Converso e la sua forma femminile conversa, fanno riferimento a ebrei o musulmani o loro discendenti che si sono convertiti, talvolta contro la loro volontà, al cattolicesimo in Spagna, in particolare durante il XIV e XV secolo. Si vedano gli articoli principali: Morisco per i convertiti di origine moresca. Marrano per i convertiti di origine ebraica. Il termine marrano viene usato in particolare per indicare i cripto-ebrei, ovvero quelli che in segreto continuarono a professare l'ebraismo.
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