Psychologists and scientists do not always agree on what should be considered comparative psychology. Taken in its most usual, broad sense, it refers to the study of the behavior and mental life of animals other than human beings. Another possibility is that the emphasis should be placed on cross-species comparisons—including human to animal comparisons.

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  • Psychologists and scientists do not always agree on what should be considered comparative psychology. Taken in its most usual, broad sense, it refers to the study of the behavior and mental life of animals other than human beings. Another possibility is that the emphasis should be placed on cross-species comparisons—including human to animal comparisons. Some researchers however, feel that direct comparisons should not be the sole focus of comparative psychology and that intense focus on a single organism to understand its behavior is just as desirable, if not more. Donald Dewsbury reviews the works of several psychologists and their definitions and concludes that the object of comparative psychology is to establish principles of generality focusing on both proximate and ultimate causation. It has been suggested that the term itself be discarded since it fails to be descriptive of the field but no appropriate replacement has been found. If looking for a precise definition, one may define comparative psychology as psychology concerned with the evolution (phylogenetic history and adaptive significance) and development (ontogenetic history and mechanism) of behavior . Using a comparative approach to behavior allows one to evaluate the target behavior from four different, complementary perspectives, developed by Niko Tinbergen . First, one may ask how pervasive the behavior is across species? Meaning, how common is the behavior in animals? Second, one may ask how the behavior contributes to the lifetime reproductive success of the individuals demonstrating it? Meaning, does it result in those animals producing more offspring than animals not showing the behavior? These two questions provide a theory for the ultimate cause of behavior. Third, what mechanisms are involved in the behavior? Meaning, what physiological, behavioral, and environmental components are necessary and sufficient for the generation of the behavior? Fourth, a researcher may ask about the development of the behavior within an individual. Meaning, what maturational, learning, social experiences must an individual undergo in order to demonstrate a behavior? These latter two questions provide a theory for the proximate causes of behavior. For more details see Tinbergen's four questions.
  • Der Begriff Tierpsychologie hat in den vergangenen 100 Jahren einen äußerst wechselhaften Wertewandel durchlebt. Im deutschen Sprachraum erlangte er Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts in bewusst gesetzter Analogie zur „Menschen-Psychologie“ zeitweilige wissenschaftliche Bedeutung, als Forscher sich verstärkt darum bemühten, das innere Erleben von Tieren zu analysieren, zu verstehen und darauf praktisch einzugehen. In den späten 1930er-Jahren war die Tierpsychologie in bibliographischen Gliederungen des Universitätsfaches Psychologie in Deutschland als eigenes Gebiet enthalten und in der Nähe der Entwicklungsbiologie angesiedelt. Seit Jahrzehnten jedoch hat die „Tierpsychologie“ keine Verbindungen mehr mit der Human-Psychologie, und heute wird der Begriff von vielen Psychologen als irreführend empfunden.
  • Zoopsychologia - dziedzina psychologii badająca zachowania zwierząt, działania instynktowe, uczenie się, procesy poznawcze i stosunki z otoczeniem. Badania obejmujące problematykę zoopsychologiczną zostały zapoczątkowane pod koniec XIX w. Upowszechniły się zaś w wyniku badań Iwana Pietrowicza Pawłowa i behawiorystów.
  • Сравни́тельная психо́логия - раздел психологии, занимающийся эволюцией психики. Интегрирует данные из зоопсихологии, исторической и этнической психологии. Сравнивает психические процессы животных и человека в онтогенезе и филогенезе, обнаруживает качественные различия, обусловленные социально-историческими факторами, развитием трудовой деятельности, общественной жизни, речи и сознания человека.
  • 比較心理學（英語：Comparative Psychology）通常是指研究人與各種動物的行為與心理，並且將人類與其他動物之間的差異進行交互比較。
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  • Amber
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  • 4 (xsd:integer)
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  • Journal of Religion and Health
dbpprop:last
  • Haque
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  • 376 (xsd:integer)
  • 461 (xsd:integer)
dbpprop:pages
  • 357-377
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  • Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists
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  • 43 (xsd:integer)
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  • Category:Comparative psychology
  • comparative psychology
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  • 2004 (xsd:integer)
rdfs:comment
  • Psychologists and scientists do not always agree on what should be considered comparative psychology. Taken in its most usual, broad sense, it refers to the study of the behavior and mental life of animals other than human beings. Another possibility is that the emphasis should be placed on cross-species comparisons—including human to animal comparisons.
  • Der Begriff Tierpsychologie hat in den vergangenen 100 Jahren einen äußerst wechselhaften Wertewandel durchlebt. Im deutschen Sprachraum erlangte er Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts in bewusst gesetzter Analogie zur „Menschen-Psychologie“ zeitweilige wissenschaftliche Bedeutung, als Forscher sich verstärkt darum bemühten, das innere Erleben von Tieren zu analysieren, zu verstehen und darauf praktisch einzugehen.
  • Zoopsychologia - dziedzina psychologii badająca zachowania zwierząt, działania instynktowe, uczenie się, procesy poznawcze i stosunki z otoczeniem. Badania obejmujące problematykę zoopsychologiczną zostały zapoczątkowane pod koniec XIX w. Upowszechniły się zaś w wyniku badań Iwana Pietrowicza Pawłowa i behawiorystów.
  • Сравни́тельная психо́логия - раздел психологии, занимающийся эволюцией психики. Интегрирует данные из зоопсихологии, исторической и этнической психологии.
  • 比較心理學（英語：Comparative Psychology）通常是指研究人與各種動物的行為與心理，並且將人類與其他動物之間的差異進行交互比較。
rdfs:label
  • Comparative psychology
  • Tierpsychologie
  • Zoopsychologia
  • Сравнительная психология
  • 比較心理學
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