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- Clairvaux Abbey (Clara Vallis in Latin), a Cistercian monastery, was founded in 1115 by St. Bernard. It is located in Ville-sous-la-Ferté, 15 km from Bar-sur-Aube, in the Aube département in northeastern France. Although the original building is now in ruins—and a high-security prison now occupies the grounds--Clairvaux Abbey was a good example of the general layout of a Cistercian monastery. The Abbey has been listed since 1926 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture. Cistercian monasteries were all arranged according to a set plan unless the circumstances of the locality forbade it. A strong wall, furnished at intervals with watchtowers and other defenses, surrounded the abbey precincts. Beyond the wall, a moat, artificially diverted from tributaries which flow through the precincts, completely or partially encircled the wall. This water furnished the monastery with an abundant supply of water for irrigation, sanitation and for the use of the offices and workshops. An additional wall, running from north to south, bisected the monastery into an "inner" and "outer" ward. The inner ward housed the monastic buildings while the agricultural and other menial endeavors were carried out in the outer ward. The precincts were entered by a gateway (P), at the extreme western extremity, giving admission to the lower ward. Here the barns, granaries, stables, shambles, workshops and workmens lodgings were located without any regard to symmetry, convenience being the only consideration. A single gatehouse (D) afforded communication through the wall separating the outer from the inner ward. On passing through the gateway, the outer court of the inner ward was entered, with the western facade of the monastic church in front. Immediately on the right of entrance was the abbot's house (G), in close proximity to the guest-house (F). On the other side of the court were the stables, for the accommodation of the horses of the guests and their attendants (H). The church occupied a central position. To the south was the great cloister (A), surrounded by the chief monastic buildings. Further to the east, the smaller cloister contained the infirmary, novices' lodgings and quarters for the aged monks. Beyond the smaller cloister and separated from the monastic buildings by a wall, lay the vegetable gardens and orchards. Large fish ponds were also located in the area east of the monastic buildings. They were an important part of monastic life and much care was given to their construction and maintenance by the monks. The fish ponds often remain as one of the few visible traces of these vast monasteries. Plan No. 2 illustrates the ichnography of the distinct and usually unvaried arrangement of the Cistercian houses. The church (A) is the chief feature. It consists of a vast nave of eleven bays, entered by a narthex, with a transept and short apsidal choir. (The eastern limb in all unaltered Cistercian churches is remarkably short, and usually square. ) To the east of each limb of the transept are two square chapels, divided according to Cistercian rule by solid walls. Nine radiating chapels, similarly divided, surround the apse. The stalls of the monks, forming the ritual choir, occupy the four eastern bays of the nave. There was a second range of stalls in the extreme western bays of the nave for the fratres conversi, or lay brothers. The cloister (B) was located to the south of the church so that its inhabitants could benefit from ample sunshine. Around the cloister, the buildings connected with the monks' daily life were arranged. The chapter house(C) always opened out of the east walk of the cloister in parallel with the south transept. Clairvaux, figure 2, Monastic A. Church. B. Cloister. C. Chapter-house. D. Monks' parlour. E. Calefactory. F. Kitchen and court. G. Refectory. H. Cemetery. I. Little cloister. K. Infirmary. L. Lodgings of novices. M. Old guest-house. N. Old abbot's lodgings. O. Cloister of supernumerary monks. P. Abbot's hall. Q. Cell of St Bernard. R. Stables. S. Cellars and storehouses. T. Water-course. U. Saw-mill and oil mill. V. Currier's shop. X. Sacristy. Y. Little library. Z. Undercroft of dormitory. In Cistercian houses this was quadrangular, and was divided by pillars and arches into two or three aisles. Between it and the transept we find the sacristy (X) and a small book-room (Y) armariolum, where the brothers deposited the volumes borrowed from the library. On the south side of the chapter-house is a passage (D) communicating with the courts and buildings beyond. This was sometimes known as the parlour, colloquii locus, the monks having the privilege of conversation there. When the originally austere discipline became relaxed, traders were allowed to display their goods in the colloquii locus. Beyond this is the calefactorium or day-room—an apartment warmed by flues beneath the pavement, where the brethren, half frozen during the night offices, betook themselves after the conclusion of lauds, to gain a little warmth, grease their sandals and get themselves ready for the work of the day. In the plan before us this apartment (E) opens from the south cloister walk, adjoining the refectory. The place usually assigned to it is occupied by the vaulted substructure of the dormitory (Z). The dormitory, as a rule, was placed on the east side of the cloister, running over the calethetory and chapter-house, and joined the south transept, where a flight of steps admitted the brethren into the church for nocturnal services. Opening out of the dormitory was always the necessarium, planned with the greatest regard to health and cleanliness, a water-course invariably running from end to end. The refectory opens out of the south cloister at G. The position of the refectory is usually a marked point of difference between Benedictine and Cistercian abbeys. In the former, as at Canterbury, the refectory ran east and west parallel to the nave of the church, on the side of the cloister farthest removed from it. In the Cistercian monasturies, to keep the noise and smell of dinner still farther away from the sacred building, the refectory was built north and south, at right angles to the axis of the church. It was often divided, sometimes into two, sometimes, as here, into three aisles. Outside the refectory door, in the cloister, was the lavatory, where the monks washed their hands at dinner-time. The buildings belonging to the material life of the monks lay near the refectory, as far as possible from the church, to the S.W. With a distinct entrance from the outer court was the kitchen court (F), with its buttery, scullery and larder, and the important adjunct of a stream of running water. Farther to the west, projecting beyond the line of the west front of the church, were vast vaulted apartments (SS), serving as cellars and storehouses, above which was the dormitory of the conversi. Detached from these, and separated entirely from the monastic buildings, were various workshops, which convenience repuired to be banished to the outer precincts, a saw-mill and oil-mill (UU) turned by water, and a currier's shop (V), where the sandals and leathern girdles of the monks were made and repaired. Returning to the cloister, a vaulted passage admitted to the small cloister (l), opening from the north side of which were eight small cells, assigned to the scribes employed in copying works for the library, which was placed in the upper story, accessible by a turret staircase. To the south of the small cloister a long hall will be noticed. This was a lecture-hall, or rather a hall for the religious disputations customary among the Cistercians. From this cloister opened the infirmary (K), with its hall, chapel, cells, blood-letting house and other dependencies. At the eastern verge of the vast group of buildings we find the novices' lodgings (L), with a third cloister near the novices' quarters and the original guest-house (M). Detached from the great mass of the monastic edifices was the original abbot's house (N), with its dining-hall (P). Closely adjoining to this, so that the eye of the father of the whole establishment should be constantly over those who stood the most in need of his watchful care,--those who were training for the monastic life, and those who had worn themselves out in its duties,--was a fourth cloister (O), with annexed buildings, devoted to the aged and infirm members of the establishment. The cemetery, the last resting-place of the brethren, lay to the north side of the nave of the church (H). It will be seen from the above account that the arrangement of a Cistercian monastery was in accordance with a clearly defined system, and admirably adapted to its purpose. The base court nearest to the outer wall contained the buildings belonging to the functions of the body as agriculturists and employers of labour. Advancing into the inner court, the buildings`devoted to hospitality are found close to the entrance; while those connected with the supply of the material wants of the brethren, --the kitchen, cellars, &c. ,--form a court of themselves outside the cloister and quite detached from the church. The church refectory, dormitory and other buildings belonging to the professional life of the brethren surround the great cloister. The small cloister beyond, with its scribes' cells, library, hall for disputations, &c. , is the centre of the literary life of the community. The requirements of sickness and old age are carefully provided for in the infirmary cloister and that for the aged and infirm members of the establishment. The same group contains the quarters of the novices. This stereotyped arrangement is further shown by the illustration of the mother establishment of Citeaux.
- Clairvaux (Lateinisch Clara Vallis = „helles Tal“) ist eine ehemalige Zisterzienserabtei, die in der heutigen Region Champagne-Ardenne etwa 100 km nördlich von Dijon im Département Aube liegt, einige Kilometer südöstlich der Stadt Bar-sur-Aube, unweit der Gemeinde Ville-sous-la-Ferté.
- L'Abadia de Claravall fou una abadia cistercenca fundada el 1115 per Bernat de Claravall a la regió de la Xampanya, a la frontera amb la Borgonya, a França. Va ésser una de les quatre filles grans de l'Abadia de Cister, juntament amb La Ferté (1113), Pontigny (1114) i Morimond (1115). Exemple d'organització segons la Regla de Sant Benet, en poc temps va esdevenir molt gran i influent i, en cinquanta anys, a la mort de Bernat comptava amb 169 abadies-filles repartides per tot Europa. La seva influència va ésser no només religiosa sinó també política i cultural i s'estengué per més de sis segles. El 1791 fou suprimida per la Revolució francesa i el 1808 reconvertida per l'Imperi en presó, com altres abadies de parets gruixudes i ben tancades per muralles exteriors. Avui dia, s'han anat alliberant alguns espais que es poden visitar i s'han d'anar adequant.
- Klášter Clairvaux byl francouzský cisterciácký klášter 100 km severně od města Dijon. Klášter Clairvaux byl založen roku 1115 jako dceřiný klášter Citeaux přímo sv. Bernardem. Během svého působení vyslal tento klášter velké množství konventů k založení nových fundací. Zanikl následkem Francouzské revoluce.
- L'abbaye de Clairvaux située en France, dans la région Champagne-Ardenne, dans le département de l'Aube, à 15 km de Bar-sur-Aube est une fondation cistercienne de première importance. Au moment de la fondation de Morimond, des pourparlers semblent être en cours pour une nouvelle fondation qui serait située sur les terres d'Hugues de Troyes, comte de Champagne, dans le diocèse de Langres. C'est ainsi que l'abbaye de Clairvaux (clara vallis) a été fondée en juin 1115 par le moine cistercien Bernard de Clairvaux qui a été sanctifié quelques années après son décès. Le terrain dédié à l'implantation de l'abbaye fut choisi avec précaution dans une clairière isolée, le Val d'Absinthe : il fallait de l'eau et du bois. Ce terrain offert par un proche parent de Bernard comprenait ces éléments essentiels à l'organisation d'une abbaye cistercienne. En effet, les cisterciens se doivent de respecter la règle de Saint Benoît qui stipule la vie en autarcie et le respect du vœu de stabilité (enfermement). De fait, l'architecture cistercienne tant à Clairvaux, qu'à Fontenay par exemple, répond à ces nécessités. Il y a des bâtiments de vie (bâtiments des moines et des convers), des communs (moulins, cuisines, etc. ) et l'abbatiale dédiée à la prière. Les bâtiments se regroupaient autour du cloître. L'abbaye de Clairvaux était ainsi organisée d'après les sources écrites et autres vues cavalières et cela jusqu'au XVIII siècle. En 1708 l'abbaye est reconstruite, le bâtiment des convers est cependant conservé car il était devenu une grange entre temps. Ce bâtiment des convers date du XII siècle et il est caractéristique de l'architecture cistercienne : le premier niveau comprenait un cellier et un réfectoire parfaitement identifiable de nos jours, le deuxième niveau était occupé par le dortoir. L'ensemble respecte parfaitement la notion de l'art cistercien définie par Saint Bernard : la sobriété par opposition à ce qui se pratiquait alors à Cluny. Ce bâtiment des convers fait aujourd'hui environ 70 mètres de long sur 15 de large et comprend trois nefs de douze travées. Il est classé Monument historique depuis 1981 et appartient au ministère de la culture depuis 2003. Des restaurations sont en cours. Pour les autres bâtiments visibles au grand public nous pouvons mentionner : le grand cloître d'architecture classique, bâtiment dédié aux moines du XVIII siècle. Il appartient également au ministère de la culture. L'ensemble de l'abbaye fut fait bien national en 1792. Des industriels achetèrent le site pour y installer leurs ateliers (une verrerie fut ainsi installée dans l'abbatiale). Ces industriels firent banqueroute et le site racheté par l'état pour en faire une prison en 1808. La transformation d'abbayes en prisons au XIX siècle est courante et est liée à la réforme du système pénal qui instituait une nouvelle pénalité : la privation de liberté. Des abbayes avec leurs murs d'enceintes semblaient alors idéales. L'ensemble de l'abbaye fut ainsi occupé par la prison : le bâtiment des convers devint prison de femmes puis ateliers; le grand cloître fut voué à la grande détention masculine. En 1812, l'abbatiale fut malheureusement vendue comme carrière à pierres pour honorer des dettes. Le directeur de la prison fut révoqué suite à cela car il n'y avait plus de lieu de culte pour les détenus. Les bâtiments appartenant au ministère de la culture sont ouverts toute l'année aux visites.
- Fájl:Plan. abbaye. Clairvaux.2. png A kolostor alaprajza. Fájl:Kloster von Clairvaux, heute Strafanstalt. jpg A kolostor ma. A Clairvauxi ciszterci apátság ciszterci kolostor, amit Clairvaux-i Szent Bernát hozott létre a Cîteauxi apátság fiókegyházaként Champagneban, Dijontól 100 km-re, északra. 1115-ben érkezett ide tizenkét szerzetessel. Az új kolostor rövidesen önállósult a Harding Szent István vezette Cîteauxtól és rövidesen apátságok tucatjait kezdte létrehozni nemcsak Franciaországban, hanem a környező országokban, a skandináv területeken és Magyarországon. 1147-ben még Bernát életében Heiligenkreuzból érkeztek szerzetesek először magyar területre, akik Clairvauxból származtak, s a tolnai Cikádoron, Bátaszék mellett alapítottak kolostort. Szintén Clairvaux filiájából, Aceyből kerültek ki a zirci apátság alapítói 1182-ben. 1183-ban a Trois Fontainesből érkeztek Szentgotthárdra szerzetesek, Clairvauxból pedig a Pilisbe is kerültek még, az abból kirajzók további két kolostort alapítottak. Különösen szép példaként azonban mindenképp a szentgotthárdi ciszterci apátságot kell említeni a magyarországi telepítések viszonylatában. 1791-ben a Francia forradalom idején elvették és lerombolták, azóta ismét a ciszterek birtokában van.
- L'Abbazia di Clairvaux (Clara Vallis in latino) è un'abbazia cistercense fondata nel 1115 da Bernardo di Chiaravalle, ed è situata nell'odierna Ville-sous-la-Ferté a 15 chilometri da Bar-sur-Aube in Francia. Sebbene la costruzione originaria sia in rovina e al suo posto sia sorta una prigione, l'Abbazia era un perfetto esempio di architettura cistercense.
- De Abdij van Clairvaux is een voormalige cisterciënzerabdij in de gemeente Ville-sous-la-Ferté in het departement Aube in Frankrijk. De abdij werd in 1115 gesticht door de heilige Bernard van Clairvaux. De abdijgebouwen doen tegenwoordig dienst als gevangenis. De abdij is gelegen in het dal van de rivier de Aube. Daarvan is ook de naam van de abdij afgeleid; deze komt van claire vallée of clara vallis (klare vallei). Het klooster van Clairvaux is één van de vier dochterkloosters van de moederabdij van de cisterciënzers, Cîteaux. De andere drie zijn La Ferté, Pontigny en Morimond. In de tijd van Bernardus bloeide de cisterciënzerorde. Al snel werden er vanuit Clairvaux dan ook weer nieuwe dochterabdijen gesticht, waaronder die van Fontenay in 1119. De abdij werd opgeheven in 1792.
- Clairvaux er et tidligere primærabbedi for cistercienserordenen. Det ligger i regionen Champagne-Ardenne i Frankrike, ca 100 km nord for Dijon. Det ble grunnlagt av Bernhard av Clairvaux og tolv munker i 1115. Det var et av de fire piimærabbediene grunnlagt fra klosteret Cîteaux. Clairvaux var i sin tur utgangspunkt for en rekke nye filialklostre. Klosteret Clairvaux ble opphevet i 1791 som følge av den franske revolusjon, og senere benyttet som fengsel.
- Opactwo Clairvaux (z łac. Clara Vallis, po polsku Jasna Dolina), położone jest w Ville-sous-la-Ferté, 15km od Bar-sur-Aube, w departamencie Aube, w regionie Szampania-Ardeny we Francji. Opactwo to było trzecią wielką filią opactwa w Cîteaux, przed filimi w La Ferté, Pontigny i Morimond.
- Клерво́ — бывшее цистерцианское аббатство во Франции, один из пяти старейших и важнейших монастырей ордена. Основано в 1115 году святым Бернардом Клервоским. Клерво расположено на территории современного департамента Об. Орден цистерцианцев был основан святым Робертом Молемским в 1098 году, как орден строгого соблюдения устава святого Бенедикта. До 1113 года единственным монастырём цистерцианцев оставался Сито, давший ордену название. Двумя событиями, способствовавшими стремительному росту ордена, стали назначение на пост настоятеля Сито деятельного Стефана Хардинга и вступление в ряды цистерцианцев святого Бернарда в 1112 году. В 1113 и 1114 году были основаны два первых дочерних монастыря — Лаферте и Понтиньи, а годом позже Клерво и Моримон. Написаная Стефаном Хардингом конституция ордена «Carta Caritatis» определяла особую роль пяти старейших цистерцианских монастырей, их настоятели составляли коллегию, управлявшую делами ордена. Файл:Plan. abbaye. Clairvaux.2. png План аббатства Клерво было основано в июне 1115 года святым Бернардом, ставшим первым настоятелем аббатства. Ещё при его жизни Клерво испытало бурный рост, в немалой степени обусловленный авторитетом основателя. Даже на фоне лавинообразного роста цистерцианских аббатств в Европе в первой половине XII века Клерво выделялось своей активностью. Ещё при жизни святого Бернарда монахами Клерво было основано 66 дочерних монастырей. В 1153 году цистерцианский орден насчитывал 345 аббатств, из которых 167 относились к ветви Клерво. Само аббатство постепенно расширялось, кроме того оно завладело большими земельными угодьями. Аббаты Клерво пользовались большим авторитетом в церкви, к их услугам в качестве дипломатических посредников прибегали как короли Франции, так и папы. Строительство главного собора Клерво было закончено в 1145 году. Аббатство обладало одной из лучших библиотек Средневековья, кроме богословских сочинений там хранились труды по истории, философии, праву и т. д. В конце XV века число манускриптов превышало 1700, а к концу XVIII века библиотека насчитывала 3800 манускриптов и 35 тысяч печатных книг. Аббатство обладало собственным скрипторием, а после изобретения книгопечатания в нём была устроена типография. В период Великой французской революции монастырь был закрыт, библиотека перевезена в Труа. В 1808 году аббатство было превращено в тюрьму и в таком качестве используется уже два века. В 1819 году был полностью разобран собор. В конце XX — начале XXI века были предприняты отдельные шаги, направленные на восстановление Клерво, как объекта исторического наследия: большинство сохранившихся исторических зданий было передано в ведение министерства культуры, а тюрьма перемещена в здания, построенные после 1971 года. Этот шаг позволил наконец открыть свободный доступ к сохранившимся памятникам. К настоящему времени от построек XII века сохранился лишь дом конверзов. Кроме того, сохранились монастырские здания XVII—XVIII веков. Исторические памятники Клерво находятся в процессе реставрации.
- Clairvaux var ett huvudkloster för cisterciensorden under medeltiden och upplysningstiden. Det ligger i regionen Champagne-Ardenne i Frankrike, cirka 10 mil norr om Dijon. Det grundlades av Bernhard av Clairvaux och tolv andra munker 1115. Klostret Clairvaux lades ner 1791 i följderna av franska revolutionen och användes därefter som fängelse.
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- Clairvaux Abbey (Clara Vallis in Latin), a Cistercian monastery, was founded in 1115 by St. Bernard. It is located in Ville-sous-la-Ferté, 15 km from Bar-sur-Aube, in the Aube département in northeastern France. Although the original building is now in ruins—and a high-security prison now occupies the grounds--Clairvaux Abbey was a good example of the general layout of a Cistercian monastery. The Abbey has been listed since 1926 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.
- Clairvaux (Lateinisch Clara Vallis = „helles Tal“) ist eine ehemalige Zisterzienserabtei, die in der heutigen Region Champagne-Ardenne etwa 100 km nördlich von Dijon im Département Aube liegt, einige Kilometer südöstlich der Stadt Bar-sur-Aube, unweit der Gemeinde Ville-sous-la-Ferté.
- L'Abadia de Claravall fou una abadia cistercenca fundada el 1115 per Bernat de Claravall a la regió de la Xampanya, a la frontera amb la Borgonya, a França. Va ésser una de les quatre filles grans de l'Abadia de Cister, juntament amb La Ferté (1113), Pontigny (1114) i Morimond (1115). Exemple d'organització segons la Regla de Sant Benet, en poc temps va esdevenir molt gran i influent i, en cinquanta anys, a la mort de Bernat comptava amb 169 abadies-filles repartides per tot Europa.
- Klášter Clairvaux byl francouzský cisterciácký klášter 100 km severně od města Dijon. Klášter Clairvaux byl založen roku 1115 jako dceřiný klášter Citeaux přímo sv. Bernardem. Během svého působení vyslal tento klášter velké množství konventů k založení nových fundací. Zanikl následkem Francouzské revoluce.
- L'abbaye de Clairvaux située en France, dans la région Champagne-Ardenne, dans le département de l'Aube, à 15 km de Bar-sur-Aube est une fondation cistercienne de première importance. Au moment de la fondation de Morimond, des pourparlers semblent être en cours pour une nouvelle fondation qui serait située sur les terres d'Hugues de Troyes, comte de Champagne, dans le diocèse de Langres.
- Fájl:Plan. abbaye. Clairvaux.2. png A kolostor alaprajza. Fájl:Kloster von Clairvaux, heute Strafanstalt. jpg A kolostor ma. A Clairvauxi ciszterci apátság ciszterci kolostor, amit Clairvaux-i Szent Bernát hozott létre a Cîteauxi apátság fiókegyházaként Champagneban, Dijontól 100 km-re, északra. 1115-ben érkezett ide tizenkét szerzetessel.
- L'Abbazia di Clairvaux (Clara Vallis in latino) è un'abbazia cistercense fondata nel 1115 da Bernardo di Chiaravalle, ed è situata nell'odierna Ville-sous-la-Ferté a 15 chilometri da Bar-sur-Aube in Francia. Sebbene la costruzione originaria sia in rovina e al suo posto sia sorta una prigione, l'Abbazia era un perfetto esempio di architettura cistercense.
- De Abdij van Clairvaux is een voormalige cisterciënzerabdij in de gemeente Ville-sous-la-Ferté in het departement Aube in Frankrijk. De abdij werd in 1115 gesticht door de heilige Bernard van Clairvaux. De abdijgebouwen doen tegenwoordig dienst als gevangenis. De abdij is gelegen in het dal van de rivier de Aube. Daarvan is ook de naam van de abdij afgeleid; deze komt van claire vallée of clara vallis (klare vallei).
- Clairvaux er et tidligere primærabbedi for cistercienserordenen. Det ligger i regionen Champagne-Ardenne i Frankrike, ca 100 km nord for Dijon. Det ble grunnlagt av Bernhard av Clairvaux og tolv munker i 1115. Det var et av de fire piimærabbediene grunnlagt fra klosteret Cîteaux. Clairvaux var i sin tur utgangspunkt for en rekke nye filialklostre. Klosteret Clairvaux ble opphevet i 1791 som følge av den franske revolusjon, og senere benyttet som fengsel.
- Opactwo Clairvaux (z łac. Clara Vallis, po polsku Jasna Dolina), położone jest w Ville-sous-la-Ferté, 15km od Bar-sur-Aube, w departamencie Aube, w regionie Szampania-Ardeny we Francji. Opactwo to było trzecią wielką filią opactwa w Cîteaux, przed filimi w La Ferté, Pontigny i Morimond.
- Клерво́ — бывшее цистерцианское аббатство во Франции, один из пяти старейших и важнейших монастырей ордена. Основано в 1115 году святым Бернардом Клервоским. Клерво расположено на территории современного департамента Об.
- Clairvaux var ett huvudkloster för cisterciensorden under medeltiden och upplysningstiden. Det ligger i regionen Champagne-Ardenne i Frankrike, cirka 10 mil norr om Dijon. Det grundlades av Bernhard av Clairvaux och tolv andra munker 1115. Klostret Clairvaux lades ner 1791 i följderna av franska revolutionen och användes därefter som fängelse.
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