The Cirth are the letters of an artificial script which was invented by J. R. R. Tolkien for the constructed languages he devised and used in his works. The initial C in Cirth is pronounced as a K, never as an S. The runic alphabet used by the Dwarves of Middle-earth was adapted by J.R.R. Tolkien from real-life runes. In The Hobbit, the Anglo-Saxon futhorc was used in the publication with few changes; in The Lord of the Rings a new system of runes, the Cirth, was devised.

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  • The Cirth are the letters of an artificial script which was invented by J. R. R. Tolkien for the constructed languages he devised and used in his works. The initial C in Cirth is pronounced as a K, never as an S. The runic alphabet used by the Dwarves of Middle-earth was adapted by J.R.R. Tolkien from real-life runes. In The Hobbit, the Anglo-Saxon futhorc was used in the publication with few changes; in The Lord of the Rings a new system of runes, the Cirth, was devised. Since the Cirth is an alphabet, one rune generally stands for one sound and sounds that would be written with a digraph in English (such as "sh" and "th") are written with one rune. Words are separated by a dot rather than a space, and double consonants are grouped together into one rune, the same as if it were a single consonant. Presumably this alphabet was meant to be used in conjunction with a Dwarf language, but mostly it is used for transliterations. In the fictional history of Middle-earth, the original Certhas Daeron was created by the elf Daeron, the minstrel of king Thingol of Doriath and was later expanded into what was known as the Angerthas Daeron. Although the Cirth were later largely replaced by the Tengwar (which were enhanced and brought by Fëanor), they were adopted by Dwarves to write down their Khuzdûl language (Angerthas Moria and Angerthas Erebor) because their straight lines were better suited to carving than the curved strokes of the Tengwar. Some examples of Cirth writings are the inscription on Balin's tomb in Moria and the inscriptions on the top of the title pages for The Lord of the Rings. Cirth was also adapted, in its older and simpler form, by various kinds of Men and even Orcs. For example, it was used by the Men of Dale and the Rohirrim and the Orcs of Moria. Cirth is plural and is written with a capital C when referring to the writing system—the runes themselves can be called cirth. A single rune is a certh. Many letters have shapes also found in the historical Futhark runes, but their sound values are only similar in a few of the vowels. Rather, the system of assignment of sound values is much more systematic in the Cirth than in the historical runes (e.g. , voiced variants of a voiceless sound are expressed by an additional stroke). A similar system has been proposed for a few historical runes (e.g. p ᛈ and w ᚹ as variants of b ᛒ), but is in any case much more obscure. There are a few coincidental identities between cirth and runic letters, i with runic ᛁ, k with Younger Futhark ᚴ and ch with Anglo-Saxon ᚳ; p is furthermore reminiscent of Latin P (runic ᚹ w). Cirth is written according to a certain mode specifically adapted for a language, and the values of individual certh may vary greatly according to the mode used. Three modes for Cirth are described in detail in Appendix E of The Lord of the Rings, and others are known to exist or have been developed by enthusiasts. The Cirth are not yet part of the Unicode Standard. However the ConScript Unicode Registry has defined the U+E080 to U+E0FF range of the Unicode "Private Use Area" for Cirth. The Angerthas Daeron consists of 60 letters: This chart showing the runes shared by the Angerthas Daeron and Angerthas Moria is presented in Appendix E of The Return of the King. Some of the cirth had different values for the Elvish and Dwarvish languages and some were used in only one system or the other. Where two values are given connected with a hyphen, the first is that of the older Angerthas, the second that of the dwarvish Angerthas Moria. Letters with asterisk are dwarvish only, values in brackets elvish only.
  • Les cirth són un alfabet creat pel filòleg i escriptor J.R.R. Tolkien per al seu legendarium. Segons la mitologia de Tolkien aquest alfabet fou creat per Daeron de Dòriath a la Tercera Edat de l'empresonament de Mórgoth per a utilitzar-lo en les inscripcions. Tot i que els Sindar no les empraren gaire fins gairebé el final de la Primera Edat del Sol, foren adoptades pels Khazad (nans), que les van estendre per tota la Terra Mitjana. Les cirth originals formaven un mode asistemàtic, igual que tots els seus derivats, com Angerthas Mòria, tret de les Angerthas Daeron. Anomenades certhas en quenya i runes en oestron. Les Angerthas Daeron consisteixen en 60 lletres:
  • Las cirth son un alfabeto creado por el filólogo y escritor J. R. R. Tolkien para su legendarium. Según la mitología de Tolkien, este alfabeto fue creado por Daeron de Doriath en la Tercera Edad del encarcelamiento de Morgoth, para utilizarlo en las inscripciones. Aunque los Sindar no las usaron apenas hasta casi el final de la Primera Edad del Sol, fueron adoptadas por los Enanos, que las extendieron por toda la Tierra Media. Las cirth originales formaban un modo asistemático, al igual que todos sus derivados, como Angerthas Moria, excepto las Angerthas Daeron. Llamadas certhas en quenya y runas en oestron.
  • Les cirth (« runes », prononcé) sont un alphabet runique inventé par J. R. R. Tolkien qui apparaît dans ses ouvrages sur la Terre du Milieu, notamment Le Seigneur des anneaux. Cirth est un pluriel, une rune seule est une certh .
  • キアス(Cirth)はJ・R・R・トールキンの創作した架空文字。エルフの伶人ダイロンが創作したという設定。この文字は主にドワーフが使用した。ルーン文字に非常に形が似ている。
  • Cirth - - jeden z alfabetów stworzonych przez J. R. R. Tolkiena na potrzeby napisanej przez niego fikcyjnej mitologii Śródziemia. W samej mitologii alfabet ten stworzony został przez elfa Daerona z Doriath. Miał służyć do wykonywania napisów. Najczęściej używany był przez krasnoludów, rzadziej przez Sindarów. Zwany w quenyi certar, a w westronie - runami.
  • Cirth är namnet på bokstäverna i ett skriftsystem skapat av J.R.R. Tolkien för några av de konstgjorda språken i hans sagovärld. Utseendemässigt liknar de de nordiska och anglosaxiska runorna.
  • Cirth (ok. kirt), J. R. R. Tolkien tarafından eserlerinde kullanma amacıyla icad edilmiş ve geliştirilmiş sunî bir alfabedir. Cirth kelimesi Rünler anlamına gelir. Bu alfabenin her bir harfine certh denir. Hobbit ve Yüzüklerin Efendisi eserlerinde, cüceler tarafından kullanılan bir alfabe olarak geçen bu rünler, aslında Eski İngilizce Rünleri'nden uyarlanmıştır. Birçok Avrupa dilinden farklı olarak, Ş,Ç ve peltek se sesleri için hususî karakterler yer almaktadır. Kelimeleri birbirinden ayırmak için boşluk yerine nokta kullanılmaktadır, bundan başka da bir noktalama işareti yoktur. Çift ünsüzler tek bir rün ile ifade edilir. Muhtemelen bu alfabe, cücelerin diliyle bir bağlantı kurmak için kullanılmıştır, bununla birlikte daha çok diğer dillerden ya da diğer dillere yapılan uyarlamalarda kullanıldığı görülür. Hayalî Orta Dünya tarihinde, Cirth'in kökenini teşkil eden Certhas Daeron, Doriath'lı Thingol'ün ozanı Daeron tarafından icad edilmiştir. Daha sonraları Anghertas Daeron diye bilinen alfabeye dönüşmüştür. Daha sonra Cirth'in yerini -Fëanor tarafından geliştirilmiş olan- Tengwar almış olsa da Cüceler tarafından benimsenip kendi dilleri Khuzdul'u (başka adıyla Angerthas Moria ya da Angherthas Ereboru) yazmak için kullanılmıştır. Çünkü, Cirth'in harfleri Tengwar'a göre daha düz çizgilerden oluştuğu için yazmak kolaydı. Balin'in Moria'daki türbesinde bu alfabe kullanılarak "Fundin'in oğlu Balin burada yatıyor" yazılmıştı. Bununla birlikte Cirth, eski veya daha yeni versiyonlarıyla hem İnsanlar hem de Orklar tarafından kullanılmıştır. Örneğin; Daleliler, Rohirrim ve Moria Orkları tarafından kullanılmıştır. Alfabedeki harflerin çoğunda Futhark'ta görülen şekiller vardır. Fakat bu karakterlerin çoğunun seslendirilişi, Cirth'teki benzerlerinden farklılık arzetmektedir. Dahası, Cirth'teki sesletim çok daha sistematiktir.
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  • Cirt
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  • Cirth
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dbpprop:type
  • alphabet
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rdfs:comment
  • The Cirth are the letters of an artificial script which was invented by J. R. R. Tolkien for the constructed languages he devised and used in his works. The initial C in Cirth is pronounced as a K, never as an S. The runic alphabet used by the Dwarves of Middle-earth was adapted by J.R.R. Tolkien from real-life runes. In The Hobbit, the Anglo-Saxon futhorc was used in the publication with few changes; in The Lord of the Rings a new system of runes, the Cirth, was devised.
  • Les cirth són un alfabet creat pel filòleg i escriptor J.R.R. Tolkien per al seu legendarium. Segons la mitologia de Tolkien aquest alfabet fou creat per Daeron de Dòriath a la Tercera Edat de l'empresonament de Mórgoth per a utilitzar-lo en les inscripcions. Tot i que els Sindar no les empraren gaire fins gairebé el final de la Primera Edat del Sol, foren adoptades pels Khazad (nans), que les van estendre per tota la Terra Mitjana.
  • Las cirth son un alfabeto creado por el filólogo y escritor J. R. R. Tolkien para su legendarium. Según la mitología de Tolkien, este alfabeto fue creado por Daeron de Doriath en la Tercera Edad del encarcelamiento de Morgoth, para utilizarlo en las inscripciones. Aunque los Sindar no las usaron apenas hasta casi el final de la Primera Edad del Sol, fueron adoptadas por los Enanos, que las extendieron por toda la Tierra Media.
  • Les cirth (« runes », prononcé) sont un alphabet runique inventé par J. R. R. Tolkien qui apparaît dans ses ouvrages sur la Terre du Milieu, notamment Le Seigneur des anneaux. Cirth est un pluriel, une rune seule est une certh .
  • キアス(Cirth)はJ・R・R・トールキンの創作した架空文字。エルフの伶人ダイロンが創作したという設定。この文字は主にドワーフが使用した。ルーン文字に非常に形が似ている。
  • Cirth - - jeden z alfabetów stworzonych przez J. R. R. Tolkiena na potrzeby napisanej przez niego fikcyjnej mitologii Śródziemia. W samej mitologii alfabet ten stworzony został przez elfa Daerona z Doriath. Miał służyć do wykonywania napisów. Najczęściej używany był przez krasnoludów, rzadziej przez Sindarów. Zwany w quenyi certar, a w westronie - runami.
  • Cirth är namnet på bokstäverna i ett skriftsystem skapat av J.R.R. Tolkien för några av de konstgjorda språken i hans sagovärld. Utseendemässigt liknar de de nordiska och anglosaxiska runorna.
  • Cirth (ok. kirt), J. R. R. Tolkien tarafından eserlerinde kullanma amacıyla icad edilmiş ve geliştirilmiş sunî bir alfabedir. Cirth kelimesi Rünler anlamına gelir. Bu alfabenin her bir harfine certh denir. Hobbit ve Yüzüklerin Efendisi eserlerinde, cüceler tarafından kullanılan bir alfabe olarak geçen bu rünler, aslında Eski İngilizce Rünleri'nden uyarlanmıştır. Birçok Avrupa dilinden farklı olarak, Ş,Ç ve peltek se sesleri için hususî karakterler yer almaktadır.
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  • Cirth
  • Cirth
  • Cirth
  • Cirth
  • キアス
  • Cirth
  • Cirth
  • Cirth
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