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- John Edward Christopher Hill, usually known simply as Christopher Hill, February 6, 1912–February 23, 2003 was an English Marxist historian and author of textbooks. Hill was born into a prosperous middle class family — his father was a solicitor — of Methodists in York. He attended St Peter's School, York. While he was still at school, two history tutors from Balliol College, Oxford University heard of Hill's ability and recruited him. Before he went up to Oxford in 1931, Hill had a prolonged holiday in Freiburg, Germany, where he witnessed the rise of the Nazi Party; he later said it contributed significantly to the radicalisation of his politics. In 1932, Hill won a first-class honours degree and won an All Souls Fellowship two years later. Whilst at Balliol, Hill became a committed Marxist and joined the Communist Party of Great Britain. In 1935, he undertook a prolonged trip to the Soviet Union, where he learnt Russian and studied Soviet historical scholarship, particularly that relating to Britain. After returning, he accepted a teaching position at Cardiff University. Hill attempted to join the International Brigade and fight in the Spanish Civil War, but was rejected. Following the outbreak of the Second World War, he joined the British Army, initially as a Private in the Field Security Police. He was soon afterwards commissioned as an officer in the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry, in 1940. That same year, he took part in a debate among many Marxist historians. At around this time, Hill started to publish his articles and reviews about 17th century English history. Later in the war he transferred to the Intelligence Corps. In 1946, Hill and many other Marxist historians formed the Communist Party Historians Group. However, Hill soon became discontented with the lack of democracy in the Communist Party. He left the party in 1956, with many other intellectuals, after the Soviet invasion of Hungary when one of his reports was rejected. After 1956, Hill's career ascended to new heights. His studies on 17th century English history were widely acknowledged and recognised. These were based on the study of printed sources accessible in the Bodleian Library and on the secondary works produced by other academic historians rather than on research in the surviving archives. In 1965, Hill was elected the master of Balliol. He held the post from 1965 to 1978, when he retired (he was replaced by Anthony Kenny). Among those of his students at Balliol who went on to develop our understanding of the English Revolution was Brian Manning. Many of Hill's most notable studies focused on 17th century English history. His books include Economic Problems of the Church (1955), Puritanism And Revolution (1958), Intellectual Origins of the English Revolution (1965 and revised in 1996), The Century of Revolution (1961), AntiChrist In 17th-century England (1971), The World Turned Upside Down (1972) and many others. However, the intellectual tide later turned in favour of the so-called revisionism, which rejected the analyses of Marxist and socialist historians of Hill's generation and advocated, as an alternative to them, more detailed study of the constitutional and political, cultural and intellectual history of the early to mid-17th centuries. Hill's later works showed that he continued to work within the parameters of his earlier preoccupations and consequently lost influence upon younger historians. Even so, he was prolific in his publications until the mid-1990s even if he no longer occupied the intellectual centre-stage. Hill died in 2003, 18 days after his 91st birthday. He was married and had three children.
- John Edward Christopher Hill fue un promiente historiador británico, de tendencia marxista. Christopher Hill, nombre con el que firmaba y es citado, ingresó en el Balliol College, Oxford en 1931. En 1932 obtuvo el Premio Lothian, y ganó un grado de honor de primera clase. Dos años más tarde obtuvo el All Souls Prize Fellowship. Más tarde, en Balliol, Hill se aproximó al marxismo e ingresó en el Partido Comunista. Pasó el año 1935 en la Unión Soviética. A su vuelta de Moscú, trabajó en Balliol como fellow y tutor de historia moderna. En 1940 fue comisionado como teniente en la Infantería Ligera de Oxford y Bucks. Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial ingresó en la inteligencia militar. Por esa época, Hill comenzó a publicar sus artículos sobre la historia de Inglaterra en el siglo XVII, tomando parte en un debate entre historiadores marxistas de 1940. En 1946, Hill y muchos otros historiadores marxistas formaron el Grupo de historiadores del Partido Comunista. Sin embargo, pronto quedó descontento con la carencia de democracia interna del Partido Comunista, dejándolo en 1956 (año de la invasión soviética de Hungría), después del rechazo de uno de sus informes. Después de 1957, la carrera de Hill entró en fase ascendente. Sus estudios sobre la historia de Inglaterra en el siglo XVII fueron ampliamente divulgados y reconocidos. En 1965, fue elegido rector de Balliol, cargo que mantuvo hasta 1978 en que se retiró (siendo sustituido por Anthony Kenny). Entre sus discípulos de este periodo estuvo Brian Manning. La mayor parte de la obra de Christopher Hill trata del proceso conocido como Revolución Inglesa, y mantuvo un notable intercambio intelectual con historiadores de tendencia marxista con los que le unían puntos de contacto pero también de divergencia, tanto políticamente como en cuestiones historiográficas y metodológicas en torno al materialismo histórico; como fueron Eric Hobsbawm y Edward Palmer Thompson. También mantuvo debates con autores alejados del marxismo, como Trevor-Roper. Entre sus obras más reseñables se encuentran Economic Problems of the Church, Puritanism And Revolution, Intellectual Origins of the English Revolution, The Century of Revolution (1961), AntiChrist In 17th-century England, The World Turned Upside Down (El mundo trastornado) y muchas otras. Murió el 23 de febrero de 2003, 18 días después de su 91 cumpleaños. Estaba casado y tenía tres hijos.
- クリストファー・ヒル（John Edward Christopher Hill、1912年2月6日 - 2003年2月23日）は、イギリスの歴史学者。専門は、17世紀イングランド史、とくに清教徒革命の研究で知られる。 ヨーク生まれ。オックスフォード大学ベリオールカレッジで学ぶ一方、マルクス主義思想に触れ、イギリス共産党に入党。しかし1956年のハンガリー事件を機に党を離れ、研究生活に専念する。
- John Edward Christopher Hill foi um historiador marxista britânico. Sua produção está ligada à de um grupo de historiadores marxistas ingleses dos quais se destacam Eric Hobsbawn e Edward Palmer Thompson. A maior parte de sua pesquisa concentra-se na compreensão da Revolução Inglesa, ocorrida no século XVII.
- Джон Эдвард Кристофер Хилл — английский марксистский историк и автор учебников. С 1933 по 1956 год (до советского вторжения в Венгрию) член Коммунистической партии. Неудачно пытался присоединиться к интернациональной бригаде во время Испанской Гражданской войны. Во время Второй Мировой в британской армии
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- John Edward Christopher Hill, usually known simply as Christopher Hill, February 6, 1912–February 23, 2003 was an English Marxist historian and author of textbooks. Hill was born into a prosperous middle class family — his father was a solicitor — of Methodists in York. He attended St Peter's School, York. While he was still at school, two history tutors from Balliol College, Oxford University heard of Hill's ability and recruited him.
- John Edward Christopher Hill fue un promiente historiador británico, de tendencia marxista. Christopher Hill, nombre con el que firmaba y es citado, ingresó en el Balliol College, Oxford en 1931. En 1932 obtuvo el Premio Lothian, y ganó un grado de honor de primera clase. Dos años más tarde obtuvo el All Souls Prize Fellowship. Más tarde, en Balliol, Hill se aproximó al marxismo e ingresó en el Partido Comunista. Pasó el año 1935 en la Unión Soviética.
- クリストファー・ヒル（John Edward Christopher Hill、1912年2月6日 - 2003年2月23日）は、イギリスの歴史学者。専門は、17世紀イングランド史、とくに清教徒革命の研究で知られる。 ヨーク生まれ。オックスフォード大学ベリオールカレッジで学ぶ一方、マルクス主義思想に触れ、イギリス共産党に入党。しかし1956年のハンガリー事件を機に党を離れ、研究生活に専念する。
- John Edward Christopher Hill foi um historiador marxista britânico. Sua produção está ligada à de um grupo de historiadores marxistas ingleses dos quais se destacam Eric Hobsbawn e Edward Palmer Thompson. A maior parte de sua pesquisa concentra-se na compreensão da Revolução Inglesa, ocorrida no século XVII.
- Джон Эдвард Кристофер Хилл — английский марксистский историк и автор учебников. С 1933 по 1956 год (до советского вторжения в Венгрию) член Коммунистической партии. Неудачно пытался присоединиться к интернациональной бригаде во время Испанской Гражданской войны.
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