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- Chilapalapa is a language spoken primarily in Zimbabwe and Zambia, where it is called 'Cikabanga', and a variant used in South Africa is called Fanagalo. Some may describe it as a pidgin language, blending elements of the Ndebele, Shona and English languages. It is not true that the only tense is the imperative (eg. do this or do that). The past tense is denoted by the suffix "-ile" (eg. amba becomes ambile), while the future is denoted by the prefix "azi" (eg. azi amba). Also, personal pronouns exist, ie. "mina", "wena", "ena" for I, you, he or she, and "tina", "wena", "ena" for we, you, and they. The language is also known as Kitchen Kaffir. However, this name is considered offensive by many people, and is also used for a variety of Fanagalo, which may be a different language. This language was simply known as "Lapalapa" or "Cikabanga" in the Copperbelt Province in Zambia. The basic language was the same as Chilapalapa but with some words borrowed from the local Bemba language. "Lapa" is the word for "there", repeated for emphasis. The suffix "Chi" or "Si" = "The Language of" e.g. Si-Sutu, Si-Lozi, Chi-Wemba, Si-Ndebele, etc. The suffix "Ma" or "Mu" is the singular, while "Ba" is the plural, e.g. Mu-ntu, Ma-Tabele, Bantu, Ba-Tonka, Ba-Sutu, Bo-Tswana, Ba-Ila, etc.
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