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- Sir Charles Thomas Newton was a British archaeologist. Newton was born at Bredwardine in Herefordshire, and educated at Shrewsbury School and Christ Church, Oxford. He entered the British Museum in 1840 as an assistant in the Antiquities Department. Antiquities, classical, Oriental and medieval, as well as ethnographical objects, were at the time included in one department, which had no classical archaeologist among its officers. In 1852 Newton left the Museum to become vice-consul at Mitylene, with the object of exploring the coasts and islands of Asia Minor. Aided by funds supplied by Lord Stratford de Redcliffe, then British ambassador at Constantinople, he made in 1852 and 1855 important discoveries of inscriptions at the island of Calymnos, off the coast of Caria; and in 1856-1857 achieved the great archaeological exploit of his life by the discovery of the remains of the mausoleum of Halicarnassus, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. He was greatly assisted by Murdoch Smith, afterwards celebrated in connection with Persian telegraphs. The results were described by Newton in his History of Discoveries at Halicarnassus (1862-1863), written in conjunction with R. P. Pullan, and in his Travels and Discoveries in the Levant (1865). These works included particulars of other important discoveries, especially at Branchidae, where he disinterred the statues which had anciently lined the Sacred Way, and at Cnidos, where Pullan, acting under his direction, found the colossal lion now in the British Museum. In 1855 Newton declined the regius professorship of Greek at Oxford. In 1860 he was made British consul at Rome, but had scarcely entered upon the post when an opportunity presented itself of reorganizing the amorphous department of antiquities at the British Museum, which was divided into three and ultimately four branches. The Greek and Roman section naturally fell to Newton, who returned as Keeper, and held the office until 1885, declining the offer of the principal librarianship made to him in 1878. The Mausoleum Room, to accommodate the treasures he had found in Asia Minor, was built under his supervision, but the most brilliant episode of his administration was the acquisition of the Blacas and Castellani gems and sculptures. The Farnese and Pourtals collections were also acquired by him. He took a leading part in the foundation of the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies, the British School at Athens, and the Egypt Exploration Fund. He was Yates professor of classical archaeology at University College, London, from 1880 to 1888. His collected Essays on Art and Archaeology were published in 1886. When, on his retirement from the Museum, his bust by Boehm, now placed in one of the sculpture galleries, was presented to him as a testimonial, he desired the unexpended balance to be given to the school at Athens. After his retirement he was much occupied with the publication of the Greek inscriptions in the British Museum, but his health failed greatly in the latter years of his life. He died at Margate. He married in 1861 the daughter of his successor in the consulate at Rome, the painter Joseph Severn, herself a distinguished artist. She died in 1866.
- Sir Charles Thomas Newton (1816-1894) est un archéologue britannique et conservateur au British Museum. Il fit ses études à Shrewsbury puis à Christ Church, Oxford. Il entra au British Museum en 1840. Il fut envoyé en Grèce par le musée. Il partit en 1852. Il était officiellement envoyé à Mytilène par le Foreign Office comme Vice-Consul, mais ses instructions lui demandaient d'en profiter pour collecter des antiquités pour le British Museum. Le financement était conjoint : British Museum et gouvernement britannique qui mit aussi à sa disposition des navires et l'aide de différents professionnels. Son séjour dura sept ans. Il travailla sur Lesbos, à Rhodes et sur le continent. En allant de Grande-Bretagne à Lesbos, il s'arrêta en Grèce continentale et y identifia le site d'Amphiaraos. Il voyagea beaucoup hors de Lesbos. En 1854, il était à Athènes, où il découvrit l'excellent travail de l'École française et eut l'idée de créer une institution similaire pour la Grande-Bretagne. Sa première grande fouille fut celle de l'hippodrome de Constantinople où découvrit la célèbre colonne aux trois serpents, base du trépied de Platées. Il fut déterminant dans la connaissance du Mausolée d'Halicarnasse . Il se vit allouer £2.000 par le British Museum pour les travaux. Le gouvernement lui prêta un navire de guerre pendant 6 mois, un officier ingénieur et quatre sapeurs. Il utilisa la photographie pour faire le relevé du plan de la ville de Cnide en 1858-1859. Il récupéra la céramique rhodienne découverte par Salzmann et Biliotti pour le British Museum en 1859. Il fut nommé ensuite consul à Rome. En 1861, il fut nommé conservateur du Département des Antiquités grecques et romaines au British Museum. Il démissionna en 1888. En 1880, il devint Professor of Archaeology à l'University College de Londres. Les publications concernant son voyage furent de deux types : scientifiques, purement archéologiques, mais aussi plus grand public et s'intéressant à la population locale, ses us et coutumes, et la situation politique et sociale des régions parcourues. Ainsi, ses travaux sur les inscriptions furent reconnus par l'ensemble de la communauté scientifique, utilisés par exemple par Théodore Salomon Reinach pour son ouvrage sur l'épigraphie. Publications : A History of Discoveries at Halicarnassus, Cnidus and Branchidae. , Londres, 1862. Travels and Discoveries in the Levant. , Londres, 1865. Essays on Art and Archaeology. , Londres, 1880. Il fut chevalier de l'Ordre de Bath. Membre de la Royal Society. Correspondant de l'Institut, membre honoraire de la Direction centrale de l'Institut impérial allemand d'archéologie.
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