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- Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury, KG, PC was the only son of the 11th Earl of Shrewsbury and his second wife, formerly Lady Anne-Marie Brudenell, a daughter of 2nd Earl of Cardigan (she became the notorious mistress of the 2nd Duke of Buckingham, who killed her husband in a duel in 1668). Talbot was a godson of King Charles II, after whom he was named, and he was brought up as a Roman Catholic, but in 1679 under the influence of John Tillotson he became a member of the Church of England. On his father's death he succeeded to the Earldom of Shrewsbury, received an appointment in the household of Charles II, and served in the army under James II. Nonetheless, in 1687 he was in correspondence with the Prince of Orange, and he was one of the seven signatories of the letter of invitation to William in the following year. He contributed towards defraying the expenses of the projected invasion, and having crossed to Holland to join William, he landed with him in England in November 1688 during the Glorious Revolution. Shrewsbury became Secretary of State for the Southern Department in the first administration of William and Mary, but he resigned office in 1690 when the Tories gained the upper hand in parliament. While in opposition he brought forward the Triennial Bill, to which the King refused assent. In 1694 he again became Secretary of State; but there is some evidence that as early as 1690, when he resigned, he had gone over to the Jacobites and was in correspondence with James at his court in exile at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, though it has been stated on the other hand that these relations were entered upon with William's connivance for reasons of policy. However this may be, William appears to have had no suspicion of Shrewsbury's loyalty, for on 30 April 1694 the latter was created Marquess of Alton and Duke of Shrewsbury, and he acted as one of the regents during the King's absence from England in the two following years. In 1696 definite accusations of treason were brought against him by Sir John Fenwick, which William himself communicated to Shrewsbury; and about this time the Secretary of State took but a small part in public business, again professing his anxiety to resign. His plea of ill-health was a genuine one, and in 1700 the king reluctantly consented to his retirement into private life. For the next seven years Shrewsbury lived abroad, chiefly at Rome, whence in 1701 he wrote a celebrated letter to Lord Somers expressing his abhorrence of public life and declaring that if he had a son he "would sooner bind him to a cobbler than a courtier, and a hangman than a statesman. " On the accession of Queen Anne the Whig leaders made an ineffectual attempt to persuade Shrewsbury to return to office. When he returned at last to England in 1707, he gradually became alienated from his old political associates, and in 1710 he accepted the post of Lord Chamberlain in the Tory administration, to which the queen appointed him without the knowledge of Godolphin and Marlborough; his wife was at the same time made a Lady of the Bedchamber. After a diplomatic mission to France for the purpose of negotiating preliminaries of peace, Shrewsbury became Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in 1713; but he was in London in July 1714 during the memorable crisis occasioned by the impending death of Queen Anne. On 29 July, when the queen was dying, the Earl of Oxford received his long-delayed dismissal from the office of Lord Treasurer. On July 30, Shrewsbury and other ministers assembled at Kensington Palace and, being admitted to the queen's bedchamber, Bolingbroke recommended the appointment of Shrewsbury to the vacant treasurership; Anne at once placed the staff of that high office in the duke's hands. Thus, when the queen died on 1 August, Shrewsbury was in a position of supreme power with reference to the momentous question of the succession to the crown. He threw his influence into the scale in favor of the Elector of Hanover, and was powerfully influential in bringing about the peaceful accession of George I, and in defeating the design of the Jacobites to place the son of James II on the throne. His disinclination for the highest political offices remained, however, as great as before; and having resigned the lord-treasurership and the lord-lieutenancy of Ireland, he was appointed Lord Chamberlain. This place he resigned in July 1715, and he died on 1 February 1718. The Duke of Shrewsbury was one of the greatest noblemen of the reign of Queen Anne. Though blind in one eye, he was strikingly handsome in person, his demeanour was dignified and his manners full of grace and courtesy. Swift described him as "the finest gentleman we have", and as "the favorite of the nation", while William III spoke of him as "the king of hearts". Like most of his contemporaries he endeavoured to keep himself in favor both with the exiled house of Stuart and with the reigning sovereign in England; but at the two critical junctures of 1688 and 1714 he acted decisively in favor of the Protestant succession. At other times he appeared weak and vacillating, and he never wholeheartedly supported either Whigs or Tories, though he co-operated with each in turn. His magnanimous disposition saved him from the vindictiveness of the party politician of the period; and the weak health from which he suffered through life probably combined with a congenital lack of ambition to prevent his grasping the power which his personality and talents might have placed in his hands. In 1705 Shrewsbury married Adelaide Roffeni, daughter of the Marquis Andrea Paleotti and Christina Dudley Paleotti of Bologna. This lady, who is said to have had "a great many engaging qualities" besides many accomplishments, was the subject of much malicious gossip. She was the widow, or as some declared, the mistress of a Count Brachiano; and Lady Cowper reported that the lady's brother had forced Shrewsbury to marry her "after an intrigue together". After Shrewsbury's return to England the duchess became conspicuous in London society, where the caustic wit of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu was exercised at her expense. On the accession of George I the duchess of Shrewsbury became a lady of the bedchamber to the Princess of Wales, a position which she retained till her death on 29 June 1726. Shrewsbury left no children, and at his death the dukedom became extinct, the earldom of Shrewsbury passing to his cousin Gilbert Talbot.
- Charles Talbot, 1. Duke of Shrewsbury, KG, PC war ein englischer/britischer Politiker. Talbot war der einzige Sohn von Francis Talbot, 11. Earl of Shrewsbury. Sein Vater wurde 1668 von dem Liebhaber seiner Ehefrau, George Villiers, 2. Duke of Buckingham, bei einem Duell getötet. Der englische König Karl II. war sein Pate. Talbot trat unter der Regentschaft von König Karl II. 1681 zur Church of England über und musste deshalb sofort nach der Thronbesteigung Jakobs II. seinen Dienst als Oberst der Kavallerie aufgeben. Talbot gehörte zu den maßgeblichen Führern der Whig-Partei, welche 1688 Wilhelm von Oranien aufforderten, nach England zu kommen. Nachdem er zuvor nach Holland gegangen war, landete Talbot im November 1688 mit ihm in England. Er wurde Secretary of State for the Southern Department, damals das höchste Ministeramt in der Regierung. Im folgenden Jahrzehnt bekleidete Talbot mit Unterbrechungen diverse Ministerämter. König Wilhelm III. erhob ihn 1694 zum "Marquess of Alton" und "Duke of Shrewsbury". 1697 quittierte Talbot, nicht ohne Grund beschuldigt, mit dem geflohenen König Jakob II. Verbindungen angeknüpft zu haben, seinen Dienst. 1699 aber wurde er zum Lord Chamberlain of the Household Wilhelms ernannt. Das gleiche Amt bekleidete Talbot von 1710 bis 1715, nachdem er sich der etwas gemäßigteren Tory-Partei angenähert hatte. Königin Anne berief Talbot 1710 zum Lord Lieutenant of Ireland und 1714 wurde er von Anne kurz vor ihrem Tod als Lord High Treasurer an die Spitze des Ministeriums gestellt. Diese Ernennung trug wesentlich dazu bei, die friedliche Thronbesteigung Georgs I. zu sichern, die er unterstützte. Talbot galt zwar zu seiner Zeit als besonders gut aussehend, litt aber Zeit seines Lebens unter einer schlechten Gesundheit. Auch hatte er nur ein Auge. Im Alter von 57 Jahren starb Charles Talbot am 1. Februar 1718 kinderlos. Mit ihm erlosch der Herzogstitel im Mannesstamme. Die Earlswürde erbte eine Seitenlinie. Seine Frau, eine Hofdame der Princess of Wales, überlebte ihn um acht Jahre.
- Charles Talbot, comte puis 1 duc de Shrewsbury, descendant de John Talbot, fut chambellan de Jacques II d'Angleterre. Désapprouvant la politique de ce prince, il quitta son service, et favorisa l'entreprise du prince d'Orange, qui, appelé au trône, le nomma dès 1689 son principal ministre, puis le créa duc. Il fut sous la reine Anne Ire de Grande-Bretagne membre du conseil privé, ambassadeur en France, puis lord trésorier.
- Charles Talbot, 1. książę Shrewsbury (12. hrabia Shrewsbury) (24 VII 1660–1 II 1718) brytyjski arystokrata. Jego ojcem był Francis Talbot, 11. hrabia Shrewsbury. Był katolikiem. Jego ojcem chrzestnym był król Karol II Stuart. W roku 1679 John Tillotson nawrócił go na anglikanizm. W roku 1688 poparł Wilhelma III Orańskiego, do którego dołączył w Holandii i z którym wrócił do Anglii w towarzystwie armii angielsko-holenderskiej. W latach 1689–1690 sekretarz stanu departamentu południowego, następnie północnego (1694–1695) i znów południowego (1695–1698). W latach 1712-1713 ambasador w Paryżu.
- Charles Talbot, 12:e earl och 1:e hertig av Shrewsbury, född 24 juli 1660, död 1 februari 1718, ärvde earlvärdigheten 1668, då hans far föll i duell med hertigen av Buckingham, övergick 1679 till protestantismen och var hovman först hos Karl II, sedan hos Jakob II, men inlät sig redan 1687 i korrespondens med Vilhelm av Oranien, flydde augusti 1688 till Holland och återvände november s. å. med Vilhelm, som mars 1689 gjorde honom till statssekreterare. När tories följande år fick överhand i rådet, avgick Shrewsbury, som f. ö. uppgavs ha närmat sig jakobiterna. Han var ånyo statssekreterare 1694-1699, upphöjdes 1694 till markis av Alton och hertig av Shrewsbury, därefter överkammarherre till 1700, då han av hälsoskäl begav sig på utrikesresor och bl.a. bodde flera år i Rom. Här umgicks han med stadens ledande filosofer och aristokrater och då inte mist med den kulturellt högtstående påven Clemens XI - Giovanni Francesco Albani - vilken uppskattade S. mycket. I Rom utvecklade S. sin pessimistiska levnadsfilosofi som gick ut på att alla mänskliga strävanden - främst då politiskt arbete - i slutänden är meningslösa. Senare tiders spekulationer om att S. i Rom återvände till den katolska kyrkan har inte kunnat beläggas. Hemkommen 1707, avlägsnade sig Talbot alltmer från whigpartiet, och han spelade 1710 en mycket framträdande roll vid det systemskifte, som bragte tories till makten i drottning Annas råd. S. å. blef han ånyo överkammarherre, var 1712-1713 ambassadör i Paris och därpå lordlöjtnant på Irland samt utsågs 30 juli 1714 av den döende drottningen till riksskattmästare, på vilken post han efter drottningens två dagar senare timade död genomförde den hannoverska tronföljdens definitiva erkännande. Talbot blev oktober 1714 Georg I:s överkammarherre, men avgick av hälsoskäl redan i juli 1715. Han var en man med sällsport vinnande personlighet, kallades av Vilhelm III "hjärtanas konung" och av Swift "nationens gunstling", men sjuklighet och ett grubblande lynne gjorde honom vankelmodig i politiken. Dock utövade han vid kriserna 1688, 1710 och 1714 avgörande inflytande, varvid han emellertid av brist på uthållighet avstod för egen del från den politiska maktställning, som syntes stå öppen för honom. Hans Correspondence utgavs 1821 av W. Coxe. Rekommenderad läsning: Dorothy H. Somerville: "The King of Hearts, Charles Talbot, Duke of Shrewsbury. " (1962, Allen&Unwin.)
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- Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury, KG, PC was the only son of the 11th Earl of Shrewsbury and his second wife, formerly Lady Anne-Marie Brudenell, a daughter of 2nd Earl of Cardigan (she became the notorious mistress of the 2nd Duke of Buckingham, who killed her husband in a duel in 1668). Talbot was a godson of King Charles II, after whom he was named, and he was brought up as a Roman Catholic, but in 1679 under the influence of John Tillotson he became a member of the Church of England.
- Charles Talbot, 1. Duke of Shrewsbury, KG, PC war ein englischer/britischer Politiker. Talbot war der einzige Sohn von Francis Talbot, 11. Earl of Shrewsbury. Sein Vater wurde 1668 von dem Liebhaber seiner Ehefrau, George Villiers, 2. Duke of Buckingham, bei einem Duell getötet. Der englische König Karl II. war sein Pate. Talbot trat unter der Regentschaft von König Karl II. 1681 zur Church of England über und musste deshalb sofort nach der Thronbesteigung Jakobs II.
- Charles Talbot, comte puis 1 duc de Shrewsbury, descendant de John Talbot, fut chambellan de Jacques II d'Angleterre. Désapprouvant la politique de ce prince, il quitta son service, et favorisa l'entreprise du prince d'Orange, qui, appelé au trône, le nomma dès 1689 son principal ministre, puis le créa duc. Il fut sous la reine Anne Ire de Grande-Bretagne membre du conseil privé, ambassadeur en France, puis lord trésorier.
- Charles Talbot, 1. książę Shrewsbury (12. hrabia Shrewsbury) (24 VII 1660–1 II 1718) brytyjski arystokrata. Jego ojcem był Francis Talbot, 11. hrabia Shrewsbury. Był katolikiem. Jego ojcem chrzestnym był król Karol II Stuart. W roku 1679 John Tillotson nawrócił go na anglikanizm. W roku 1688 poparł Wilhelma III Orańskiego, do którego dołączył w Holandii i z którym wrócił do Anglii w towarzystwie armii angielsko-holenderskiej.
- Charles Talbot, 12:e earl och 1:e hertig av Shrewsbury, född 24 juli 1660, död 1 februari 1718, ärvde earlvärdigheten 1668, då hans far föll i duell med hertigen av Buckingham, övergick 1679 till protestantismen och var hovman först hos Karl II, sedan hos Jakob II, men inlät sig redan 1687 i korrespondens med Vilhelm av Oranien, flydde augusti 1688 till Holland och återvände november s. å. med Vilhelm, som mars 1689 gjorde honom till statssekreterare.
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