Gottfried Wilhelm "Billy" Bitzer was a pioneering cinematographer notable for his close association with D. W. Griffith, working with him on some of his most important films and contributing significantly to cinematic innovations attributed to Griffith. In 1910, he photographed Griffith's silent, short, In Old California, in the Los Angeles village of "Hollywoodland," qualifying Bitzer as, arguably, Hollywood's first Director of Photography.

PropertyValue
dbpedia-owl:Person/birthDate
  • 1874-04-21 (xsd:date)
dbpedia-owl:Person/birthPlace
dbpedia-owl:Person/deathDate
  • 1944-04-29 (xsd:date)
dbpedia-owl:Person/occupation
dbpedia-owl:birthDate
  • 1874-04-21 (xsd:date)
dbpedia-owl:birthPlace
dbpedia-owl:deathDate
  • 1944-04-29 (xsd:date)
dbpedia-owl:occupation
dbpedia-owl:thumbnail
dbpprop:abstract
  • Gottfried Wilhelm "Billy" Bitzer was a pioneering cinematographer notable for his close association with D. W. Griffith, working with him on some of his most important films and contributing significantly to cinematic innovations attributed to Griffith. In 1910, he photographed Griffith's silent, short, In Old California, in the Los Angeles village of "Hollywoodland," qualifying Bitzer as, arguably, Hollywood's first Director of Photography. Bitzer, it is said, "developed camera techniques that set the standard for all future motion pictures. " Among the innovations made by Bitzer were: the fade out to close a movie scene; the iris shot where a circle closes to close a scene; soft focus photography with the aid of a light diffusion screen filming entirely under artificial lighting rather than outside lighting, closeups and long shots to create mood perfection of matte photography Prior to his career as a cameraman, Bitzer developed early cinematic technologies for the American Mutoscope Company, eventually to become the Biograph Company. He admired and learned the art of motion picture photography from Kinetoscope inventor W.K.L. Dickson, who directed the early Biograph shorts on which Bitzer cut his teeth. Until 1903, Bitzer was employed by Biograph primarily as a documentary photographer, and from 1903 onward primarily as the photographer of narrative films, as these gained popularity. In 1908 Bitzer entered into his first collaboration with Griffith, A Calamitous Elopement. The two would work together for the rest of Bitzer's career, leaving Biograph in 1913 for the Mutual Film Corporation where Bitzer continued to innovate, perfecting existing technologies and inventing new ones. During this time he pioneered the field of matte photography and made use of innovative lighting techniques, closeups, and iris shots. The apex of Bitzer and Griffith's collaboration came with The Birth of a Nation (1915), a film funded in part by Bitzer's life savings, and the epic Intolerance (1916). For all his innovation, Bitzer did not survive the industry's transition to sound, and in 1944 he suffered a heart attack and died in Hollywood in relative obscurity. His autobiography, Billy Bitzer: His Story was published posthumously in 1973.
  • George William Bitzer, auch bekannt unter seinem Spitznamen Billy Bitzer, war ein US-amerikanischer Kameramann, der zwischen 1896 und 1933 für mehr als 900 Filme hinter der Kamera stand. Der ehemalige Silberschmied Bitzer arbeitete ab 1896 bei der Filmproduktionsfirma Biograph zunächst als Elektriker und stieg dann zum Chefkameramann der Firma auf. Als Kameramann der Frühzeit des Films, suchte Bitzer ständig nach neuen Einstellungen und spektakulären Aufnahmen und ging dabei auch hohe Risiken ein. Unter anderem filmte er sogenannte Phantom Rides vom "Kuhfänger" einer fahrenden Lokomotive aus. Im Jahr 1908 begann Bitzers Zusammenarbeit mit David Wark Griffith, der in diesem Jahr bei Biograph als Autor und Schauspieler eingestellt wurde. Als Griffith begann, auch Regie zu führen, bildeten Bitzer und Griffith als Kameramann und Regisseur ein Team, dass Filmgeschichte schrieb. Die zwischen 1909 und 1912 bei Biograph entstandenen Filme von Bitzer und Griffith bildeten einen Standard, dem beinahe jeder Kameramann und Regisseur nachzueifern versuchte. Als Griffith zur Firma Feature Film wechselte, nahm er Bitzer mit, der der einzige Kameramann bei der Produktion von Griffiths Monumentalwerk Birth of a Nation (1915) war. Bitzer suchte auch weiterhin immer wieder nach neuen Einstellungen und stieg für Griffiths Film Intoleranz (1916) mit einem Ballon auf, um das komplette Babylon-Set aufnehmen zu können. Die Zusammenarbeit Bitzer - Griffith endete schließlich in den 1920er Jahren, als Griffith, der inzwischen seine eigene Produktionsfirma gegründet hatte, meinte nicht mehr nur mit einem Kameramann auskommen zu können. Bitzer, der Anfang der 1930er Jahre kaum noch Angebote bekam, drehte seinen letzten Film Hotel Variety im Jahr 1933 und lebte die nächsten Jahre in einem erzwungenen Ruhestand, bis er 1940 vom Museum of Modern Art für Filmrecherchen eingestellt wurde. Im Jahr 1973, knapp 30 Jahre nach Bitzers Tod, erschien die Biografie Billy Bitzer - His Story, in der Bitzers Beiträge zur Kameratechnik und dem Filmschaffen gewürdigt werden.
  • "Billy" Bitzer fu un pioniere cinematografo noto per la sua stretta collaborazione con David Wark Griffith, avendo lavorato con lui in alcuni dei suoi più importanti film e contribuendo significativamente ad innovazioni cinematiche attribuite allo stesso Griffith. Nel 1910 fotografò il corto non sonoro di Griffith In Old California, nel villaggio di Los Angeles chiamato "Hollywoodland", qualificandosi come il primo direttore della fotografia ad Hollywood. Viene detto che Bitzer sviluppò tecniche di cinepresa che impostarono gli standard per tutte le pellicole cinematografiche successive. Tra le innovazioni effettuate da Bitzer troviamo: la dissolvenza per la chiusura di una scena; la chiusura d'iride in cui un cerchio, chiudendosi, chiude la scena; la fotografia sfocata, con l'aiuto di una diffusione della luce sullo schermo; il filmaggio interamente mediante luce artificiale anzchè quella solare; luci, primi piani e riprese lunghe per ricreare uno stato d'animo; perfezionamento della fotografia opaca Prima di far carriera come cameraman, Bitzer sviluppò le prime tecnologie cinematiche per la American Mutoscope Company, prima che essa diventasse la Biograph Company. Ammirò ed imparò l'arte dell'immagine in movimento dall'inventore del Kinetoscopio, William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, il quale diresse i primi corti della Biograph in cui Bitzer mosse i primi passi. Fino al 1903, Bitzer era impiegato alla Biograph principalmente come fotografo di documentari, mentre dal 1903 in poi fu fotografo di film narrativi, guadagnandosi così una certa popolarità. Nel 1908 Bitzer entrò nella prima collaborazione con Griffith, A Calamitous Elopement0. I due lavorarono insieme per il resto della carriera di Bitzer, che lasciò la Biograph nel 1913 per la Mutual Film Corporation, dove Bitzer continuò ad innovare e perfezionare tecnologie esistente e ad inventarne di nuove. Durante questo periodo esplorò il campo della fotografia opaca e fece uso delle innovative tecniche di illuminazione, primo piano e chiusura d'iride. L'apice della collaborazione Bitzer-Griffith arrivò con La nascita di una nazione, un film fatto grazie, in parte, ai risparmi di Bitzer, e con l'epico Intolerance. A causa di tutte le sue innovazioni, Bitzer non sopravvisse alla transizione industriale al sonoro. Nel 1944 ebbe un attacco di cuore e morì ad Hollywood in relativa ombra. La sua autobiografia, Billy Bitzer: His Story fu pubblicata postuma nel 1973.
dbpprop:birthPlace
dbpprop:birthdate
dbpprop:caption
  • Billy Bitzer seated at movie projector
dbpprop:deathdate
dbpprop:given
  • Gordon
dbpprop:hasPhotoCollection
dbpprop:imagesize
  • 240px
dbpprop:imdbNameProperty
  • G.W. Bitzer
  • 5658 (xsd:integer)
dbpprop:name
  • Gottfried Wilhelm "Billy" Bitzer
dbpprop:occupation
dbpprop:place
  • New York, New York
dbpprop:pp
  • 5 (xsd:integer)
dbpprop:publisher
  • Theodore Gaus' sons
dbpprop:surname
  • Hendricks
dbpprop:title
  • Beginnings of the Biograph
dbpprop:wikiPageUsesTemplate
dbpprop:year
  • 1964 (xsd:integer)
rdf:type
rdfs:comment
  • Gottfried Wilhelm "Billy" Bitzer was a pioneering cinematographer notable for his close association with D. W. Griffith, working with him on some of his most important films and contributing significantly to cinematic innovations attributed to Griffith. In 1910, he photographed Griffith's silent, short, In Old California, in the Los Angeles village of "Hollywoodland," qualifying Bitzer as, arguably, Hollywood's first Director of Photography.
  • George William Bitzer, auch bekannt unter seinem Spitznamen Billy Bitzer, war ein US-amerikanischer Kameramann, der zwischen 1896 und 1933 für mehr als 900 Filme hinter der Kamera stand. Der ehemalige Silberschmied Bitzer arbeitete ab 1896 bei der Filmproduktionsfirma Biograph zunächst als Elektriker und stieg dann zum Chefkameramann der Firma auf.
  • "Billy" Bitzer fu un pioniere cinematografo noto per la sua stretta collaborazione con David Wark Griffith, avendo lavorato con lui in alcuni dei suoi più importanti film e contribuendo significativamente ad innovazioni cinematiche attribuite allo stesso Griffith. Nel 1910 fotografò il corto non sonoro di Griffith In Old California, nel villaggio di Los Angeles chiamato "Hollywoodland", qualificandosi come il primo direttore della fotografia ad Hollywood.
rdfs:label
  • Billy Bitzer
  • Georg William Bitzer
  • Billy Bitzer
owl:sameAs
skos:subject
foaf:depiction
foaf:name
  • Gottfried Wilhelm "Billy" Bitzer
foaf:page
is dbpedia-owl:Film/cinematography of
is dbpedia-owl:cinematography of
is dbpprop:cinematography of
is dbpprop:redirect of
is owl:sameAs of