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- The Battle of the Bridge was fought in 634 between Arab Muslims led by Abu Ubaid and the Sassanid Empire forces led by Bahman. The Sassanids were victorious. The Muslim campaign to Iraq consisted of an army of seven thousand men. ‘Umar wrote to Abu ‘Obaidah (the military commander in Al-Sham) to send those soldiers in Khalid Bin Al-Walid’s regiment who had seen action on the Iraq front. Hence, Abu ‘Obaidah prepared an army of ten thousand troops and placed them under the command of Hashim Bin ‘Utbah. ‘Umar sent another battalion of four thousand men under the command of Jarir Bin ‘Abdullah Al-Bajali to Kufa (in Iraq). Upon reaching Iraq, the Muslims found the Persian Empire beset with instability and political turmoil. The Muslims had won a few initial successes against the Persians [at Al-Namariq, Barosma and Kaskar] which emboldened Abu Ubaid. In response the Persians sent a force led by veteran general Bahman [also called Dhul Hajib: the one with artificially accentuated eyebrows], marching towards Hira. The army camped at Quss Natif on the east bank of the Euphrates some distance north of Hira and a little below Kufa. When Abu Ubaid learned of the movements of the Persians, he marched the Muslim army from Hira and camped with 9,000 men on the west bank of the Euphrates at the village of Marauha. They sent a message to the Muslims, “Either you come across to us, or shall we come across the bridge?” The troops advised their commander, Abu ‘Ubaid to ask them to cross the bridge. However, he said, “They are not as dauntless in the face of death as we!” Despite the advice of his advisor Saleet bin Qais, Abu Ubaid ordered a bridge of boats thrown over the river and the Muslim army marched along the bridge on the morning of November 28, 634. And then he blitzed with his army across the river. However, once across, they found themselves in a very restricted terrain with a narrow exit. When the battle began the Muslim cavalry advanced but were confronted with the war elephants of the Persian army, leading to confusion and disarray. The Persians then advanced, killing Abu Ubaid and then the next in line of the Muslim commanders, and advancing the violence of their assault. As the retreating Muslim forces assembled under the command of Muthanna on the other side of the Euphrates, only 3,000 regrouped out of the total 9,000. Some 2,000 fell fighting, another 2,000 drowned, and some 2,000 fled to Medina and elsewhere. The Muslims were able to kill 6,000 of the Persian troops The Persian commander, Bahman Jazvia tried his level best to eliminate the remaining Muslims, but he missed the opportunity when Al-Muthanna personally supervised the organized retreat. Al-Muthanna evacuated 4000 troops. With the remaining men (1000), he let the Persians in a wild-goose chase Ullays, deep into the country-side. He didnot mount the counter attack until the evacuation had completed. After reaching Ullays, he blitzed a lightning counter attack, which he led from the front. The Persians were routed.
- La battaglia del Ponte venne combattuta nel 634 tra gli arabi musulmani condotti da Abu Ubaid e l'esercito persiano sasanide condotto da Bahman. I Sasanidi furono vittoriosi. I musulmani, guidati dal valoroso generale Abu Ubaid, avevano ottenuto qualche successo iniziale contro i Persiani. In risposta i Persiani mandarono contro di loro un esercito condotto dall'esperto generale Bahman, che si diresse verso Hira. L'esercito si accampò a Quss Natif sulla sponda orientale dell'Eufrate. Quando Abu Ubaid seppe dei movimenti dei Persiani, se ne andò con il suo esercito da Hira e si accampò con 9 000 uomini sulla sponda occidentale dell'Eufrate presso il villaggio di Marauha. Nonostante il suo consigliere Saleet bin Qais gli avesse sconsigliato di fare ciò, Abu Ubaid ordinò di costruire un ponte di barche in modo da attraversare il fiume. I musulmani attraversarono l'Eufrate attraverso il ponte la mattina del 28 novembre 634. Quando cominciò la battaglia la cavalleria Musulmana inizialmente avanzò, ma quando affrontarono gli elefanti da guerra dell'esercito Persiano andarono in confusione e si disorganizzarono. I Persiani avanzarono, uccidendo Abu Ubaid e massacrando migliaia di musulmani. Quando l'esercito musulmano in ritirata arrivò all'altra sponda dell'Eufrate, esso si trovò ridotto a soli 3 000 uomini. Dato che all'inizio della battaglia l'esercito musulmano era costituito da 9.000, nella battaglia oltre 6.000 uomini morirono o disertarono. Di questi 6 000 soldati mancanti all'appello, 2 000 caddero in battaglia, altri 2 000 annegarono, e altri 2 000 fuggirono a Medina o in altre zone. Muthanna, il nuovo generale dell'esercito arabo, temeva che i Persiani inseguissero gli arabi attraversando l'Eufrate ma in quel momento critico ci fu una rivolta contro Rustam nella capitale persiana e Rustam richiamò Bahman a Ctesifonte per sedare la rivolta.
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