The Battle of Birch Coulee was a battle in the Dakota War of 1862 in September. After the Battle of Fort Ridgely and the Battle of New Ulm, Colonel Henry Hastings Sibley was planning to defeat and punish the Sioux and to obtain the release of the settlers they were holding captive. While Sibley was training soldiers and attempting to organize supplies, he was reminded that the bodies of many settlers killed by the Indians, still were left unburied in the battlefields.
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- 13 soldiers and 90 horses killed
47 soldiers wounded
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- Santee Sioux
- United States of America
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- 13 soldiers and 90 horses killed
47 soldiers wounded
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- Santee Sioux
- United States of America
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- The Battle of Birch Coulee was a battle in the Dakota War of 1862 in September. After the Battle of Fort Ridgely and the Battle of New Ulm, Colonel Henry Hastings Sibley was planning to defeat and punish the Sioux and to obtain the release of the settlers they were holding captive. While Sibley was training soldiers and attempting to organize supplies, he was reminded that the bodies of many settlers killed by the Indians, still were left unburied in the battlefields. Sibley sent out a burial party from Fort Ridgely on August 31, 1862, with a detail of about 170 men. The party was commanded by Major Joseph R. Brown, according to Sibley's notes. Colonel Sibley decided against taking responsibility for the disaster. In his military reports and in press dispatches he started to refer to the encounter as the 'attack on J.R. Brown's party. ' The monument at Birch Coulee Battlefield states that Captain Hiram P. Grant was in command, but historians generally acknowledge that Brown was in command. The party left Fort Ridgely and continued to Redwood Ferry, stopping to bury about sixteen settlers' bodies along the way. The next morning, Brown and a group of cavalry crossed to the south side of the river, while Grant and his infantry stayed on the north side. At the end of the day, Brown's and Grant's soldiers met up again at a campsite near Birch Coulee. The two detachments had buried 54 bodies, and since neither group had seen any Indians, they figured they were safe. Meanwhile, Chief Little Crow was leading a force of 110 northeastward from New Ulm, while his chief warrior, Gray Bird, was heading down the south side of the Minnesota River with a force of 350 Indians. Gray Bird's party and Brown's troops missed encountering each other during the day, but some Indian scouts discovered that Brown's troops were moving toward the campsite at Birch Coulee. The Sioux planned to ambush Brown's troops in the morning, thinking that only the cavalry was present and that they could be easily destroyed. The Birch Coulee campsite was not easily defensible, since the Indians could approach from all sides and still remain under cover. During the night, Gray Bird, along with chiefs Red Legs, Big Eagle, and Mankato crossed the Minnesota River and surrounded the camp. In the morning, the Indians commenced their ambush, wounding at least thirty United States soldiers and killing most of the cavalry's horses within the first few minutes. The heaviest part of the fight lasted about an hour, but the siege continued for many hours past then. Colonel Sibley could hear the sounds of the battle from Fort Ridgely, about sixteen miles away, so he sent out a relief party of 240 men. Colonel McPhail, heading up the relief party, thought he was almost completely surrounded by the Sioux and sent back for more reinforcements. Sibley returned with more reinforcements and an artillery brigade. The shelling forced the Sioux to disperse, and Sibley entered Brown's camp around 11 AM on September 3. He encountered a "sickening sight", with thirteen men and ninety horses dead, forty-seven men severely wounded, and others less severely hurt. The survivors were exhausted from a thirty-one hour siege without water or food. The battle of Birch Coulee was the most deadly for the United States forces in the Dakota War of 1862. The battle may have distracted the Sioux from continuing down the Minnesota River toward more settlements, but the United States forces learned that it was foolish to travel in hostile Indian territory with too few untrained troops. Captain Joseph Anderson Company of Mounted Men "The Cullen Guard" went to the relief of New Ulm and was at the Battle of Birch Coulee. Casualties: Killed: 2nd Sergeant Robert Baxter; Privates Jacob Freeman; Died of Wounds: Private Richard Gibbons; Wounds: Farrier Thomas Barton {dangerously wounded}; Privates A.H. Bunker {wounded through both arms}; Peter Burkman {wounded in both thighs and ruptured}; James Buckingham {wounded through the left shoulder}; Geo Dashney {wounded in the right thigh}; John Martin. The Birch Coulee battlefield is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
- Bitwa pod Birch Coulee była starciem podczas powstania Dakotów w Minnesocie w 1862 roku. Po bitwach o Nowy Ulm i Fort Ridgley pułkownik Henry Hastings Sibley planował pokonać i ukarać Santee, oraz uwolnić osadników, którzy dostali się do niewoli powstańców. Gdy Sibley trenował żołnierzy i próbował organizować zapasy, przypomniał sobie, iż ciała wielu zabitych przez Santee osadników wciąż leżą niepochowane na polach walk. Sibley postanowił więc wysłać 31 sierpnia oddział w sile 170 żołnierzy w celu pogrzebania zabitych. Oddział znajdował się pod dowództwem majora Josepha R. Browna. Oddział opuścił Fort Ridgely ruszył w stronę przeprawy Redwood, zatrzymując się tam aby pogrzebać ciała szesnastu osadników. Następnego dnia rano, Brown wraz z kawalerią przeprawił się na południowy brzeg rzeki, podczas gdy kapitan Grant wraz z piechotą pozostali na jej północnym brzegu. Pod koniec dnia, Brown i żołnierze Granta połączyli się ponownie koło Birch Coulee. Żołnierze pochowali 54 ciała, nie napotykając aż do tego czasu żadnych Indian stwierdzili, iż są bezpieczni. Tymczasem, wódz Mały Kruk prowadził 110 wojowników od strony od Nowego Ulmu, zaś wódz wojenny Szary Ptak prowadził 350 ludzi w dół rzeki Minnesota południowym brzegiem rzeki. Grupy Szarego Ptaka i Browna nie napotkały się w ciągu dnia, jednak zwiadowcy indiańscy wykryli żołnierzy na obozowisku Birch Coulee. Santee zaplanowali atak na następny dzień sądząc, iż przebywa tam jedynie kawaleria, którą uda się łatwo zniszczyć. Obóz Birch Coulee był trudny do obrony. Przede wszystkim otaczające go zarośla umożliwiały skryte podejście ze wszystkich stron. Późnym wieczorem Szary Ptak wraz z wodzami Czerwone Nogi, Wielkim Orłem, Mankato przekroczył rzekę Minnesota i otoczył obóz. Rankiem 2 września, Santee rozpoczęli atak raniąc co najmniej trzydziestu żołnierzy i zabijając większą część kawaleryjskich koni w ciągu kilku pierwszych minut. Najintensywniejsza część walk trwała około godziny, jednak oblężenie przeciągnęło się na długie godziny. Pułkownik Sibley usłyszał dźwięki walki w odległym o 16 mil Forcie Ridgley i wysłał na pomoc 240 ludzi pod dowództwem pułkownika McPhaila. Pułkownik McPhail sam został otoczony przez Santee i zawrócił po posiłki. Sibley przybył na pomoc z dodatkowymi żołnierzami i artylerią. Ostrzał artyleryjski zmusił Santee do rozproszenia i Sibley mógł wkroczyć do obozu Browna o godzinie 11 rano 3 września. Obrońcy spędzili ponad 30 godzin bez jedzenia i picia. Bitwa pod Birch Coulee była najbardziej krwawym dla armii USA starciem powstania.
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47 soldiers wounded
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- The Battle of Birch Coulee was a battle in the Dakota War of 1862 in September. After the Battle of Fort Ridgely and the Battle of New Ulm, Colonel Henry Hastings Sibley was planning to defeat and punish the Sioux and to obtain the release of the settlers they were holding captive. While Sibley was training soldiers and attempting to organize supplies, he was reminded that the bodies of many settlers killed by the Indians, still were left unburied in the battlefields.
- Bitwa pod Birch Coulee była starciem podczas powstania Dakotów w Minnesocie w 1862 roku. Po bitwach o Nowy Ulm i Fort Ridgley pułkownik Henry Hastings Sibley planował pokonać i ukarać Santee, oraz uwolnić osadników, którzy dostali się do niewoli powstańców. Gdy Sibley trenował żołnierzy i próbował organizować zapasy, przypomniał sobie, iż ciała wielu zabitych przez Santee osadników wciąż leżą niepochowane na polach walk.
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- Battle of Birch Coulee
- Bitwa pod Birch Coulee
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