The Battle of Annual was a battle fought in Spanish Morocco between the Spanish Army of Africa and combatants of the Rif region. It was a major military defeat suffered by the Spanish army on July 22, 1921 at Annual in northeastern Morocco during the Rif War. The defeat, almost always referred to by the Spanish as the Disaster of Annual, led to major political crises and a redefinition of Spanish colonial policy toward the Rif.
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- 22px Republic of the Rif
- Spain
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- 5,000 (at Annual)–18,011 regulars,
4,653 Moroccan auxiliaries
- ~3,000 irregulars
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- 22px Republic of the Rif
- Spain
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- 5,000 (at Annual)–18,011 regulars,
4,653 Moroccan auxiliaries
- ~3,000 irregulars
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- The Battle of Annual was a battle fought in Spanish Morocco between the Spanish Army of Africa and combatants of the Rif region. It was a major military defeat suffered by the Spanish army on July 22, 1921 at Annual in northeastern Morocco during the Rif War. The defeat, almost always referred to by the Spanish as the Disaster of Annual, led to major political crises and a redefinition of Spanish colonial policy toward the Rif. In early 1921 the Spanish army commenced an offensive into north-eastern Morocco from the coastal regions previously held. The advance took place without the extended lines of communication being adequately established or the complete subjugation of the areas occupied. On July 22, 1921, after five days of siege, Spanish forces garrisoning the encampment of Annual under the command of general Manuel Fernández Silvestre after the contiguous position of Igueriben had fallen, were attacked and destroyed by the Riffi irregular forces under the command of Mohammed Ben Abd el-Krim El Khattabi, a former functionary of the Spanish administration in the Office of Indigenous Affairs in Melilla and one of the leaders of the tribe of the Aith Ouriaghel (known as 'Aith Urriaguel' in Spanish). General Silvestre disappeared and his remains were never found. The over-extended Spanish military structure in the Western Spanish Protectorate in Morocco crumbled. More than twenty Spanish posts were overrun and their garrisons massacred. At Afrau on the coast Spanish warships were able to take off the garrison and at Zoco el Telata de Metalsa in the south Spanish troops and civilians were able to retreat to the French Zone. The surviving Spanish troops retreated some 80 km to the encampment of Monte Arruit where a stand was attempted under the command of General Felipe Navarro y Ceballos-Escalera. This position was however surrounded and cut off from supplies. Accordingly, General Dámaso Berenguer Fusté, Spanish High Commissioner in the protectorate, authorized surrender on August 9. Nonetheless, the Rifeños did not respect the conditions of surrender and killed many of the refugees within the fort. General Navarro, along with some six hundred others was taken prisoner. Melilla was only some 40 km away, but was in no position to help: the city itself was almost defenceless and lacked properly trained troops. The refusal of the adjoining tribe of Beni Sicar to join Abdelkrim (and perhaps some luck) saved Melilla. Spain quickly assembled elite units of the Army of Africa which had been operating south of Tetuan in the Western Zone and had not accompanied Silvestre's forces in the advance to Annual. These mainly comprised the newly raised (1920) Spanish Legion and Morrocan Regulares. Transferred to Melilla by sea these reinforcements enabled the city to be held and Monte Arruit to be retaken by the end of November. The Spanish lost more than 20,000 soldiers. Rifeños dead are estimated at about 1,000. Materiel lost by the Spanish included more than 20,000 rifles and 400 machine guns and 129 cannons. The political crisis brought about by this disaster led Indalecio Prieto to say in the Congress of Deputies: "We are at the most acute period of Spanish decadence. The campaign in Africa is a total failure, absolute, without extenuation, of the Spanish Army. " The Minister of War ordered the creation of an investigative commission, directed by the honored general Juan Picasso González, which developed the report known as the Expediente Picasso, which, despite calling out numerous military mistakes, owing to the obstructive action of various ministers and judges did not go so far as to lay political responsibility for the defeat, which popular opinion widely placed upon King Alfonso XIII, who according to several sources had encouraged Silvestre's irresponsible penetration of positions far from Melilla without having adequate defenses in his rear. This crisis was one of the many that, over the course of the next decade, undermined the Spanish monarchy and led to the rise of the Second Spanish Republic. The Disaster of Annual is described in two famous novels - Imán, by Ramón José Sender Garcés; and La Ruta by Arturo Barea.
- Die Schlacht von Annual fand am 22. Juli 1921 bei Annual im nordöstlichen Spanisch-Marokko als Teil des Rifkrieges statt. Es war eine militärische Auseinandersetzung zwischen der spanischen Armee und Aufständischen der Rifregion. In Spanien spricht man im Zusammenhang mit der Schlacht vom Desaster von Annual. Die Niederlage führte in Spanien zu einer innenpolitischen Krise und zu einem Umdenken über die Kolonialpolitik in der Rifregion.
- Batalla que es va produir el 22 de juliol de 1921 durant la Guerra del Rif, entre les tropes colonials espanyoles que s'internaven a la regió i les tropes irregulars del líder Abd el-Krim, en el barranc que separa Igueriben i Annual, al Rif marroquí. En la historiografia espanyola és coneguda popularment com a Desastre d'Annual. En la batalla, les tropes espanyoles van patir una gran desfeta, amb 8.000 soldats morts entre els quals el propi general Manuel Fernández Silvestre, que comandava els espanyols. Les operacions militars es van perllongar, després del desastre, arribant a posar en perill la mateixa ciutat de Melilla. Les repercussions polítiques de la derrota foren intenses a la Península, on al descontentament popular que ja hi havia en contra de la Guerra del Marroc, manifestat a nivell polític i social, s'hi sumaren aleshores dures crítiques a l'Exèrcit i a l'administració militar. S'obrí una investigació sobre el desastre que recaigué sobre el general Juan Picasso González. A nivell polític, la derrota propicià la caiguda del Govern de Manuel Allendesalazar Muñoz i la formació del Govern d'Antoni Maura i Montaner.
- El Desastre de Annual fue una grave derrota militar española ante los rifeños comandados por Abd el-Krim cerca de la localidad marroquí de Annual, el 22 de julio de 1921, que supuso una redefinición de la política colonial de España en la Guerra del Rif. La crisis política que provocó esta derrota fue una de las más importantes de las muchas que socavaron los cimientos de la monarquía liberal de Alfonso XIII. Así, los problemas generados por Annual fueron causa directa del golpe de Estado y la Dictadura de Miguel Primo de Rivera.
- La bataille d'Anoual, fréquemment appelée désastre d'Anoual en Espagne, opposa un contingent militaire espagnol à l'armée rifaine d'Abdelkrim Al Khattabi, dans la région du Rif en juillet 1921. Les affrontements ont eu lieu à 120 km de Melilla dans le Nord du Maroc et marquent le début de la guerre du Rif. La victoire d’une armée de résistants rifains sur l’armée espagnole devint un important symbole de la lutte anticoloniale, marque un tournant de la résistance au double protectorat espagnol et français instauré au Maroc. Le désastre d'Anoual est une défaite cuisante de l'armée espagnole. Elle marque la naissance d’un mythe : celui d’Abdelkrim, héros de guerre, fin stratège et chef charismatique de la résistance. La crise politique que provoqua cette défaite fut une des plus importantes que dût subir la monarchie libérale d'Alphonse XIII. Elle fut la cause directe du coup d'État et de la dictature de Miguel Primo de Rivera.
- アンワールの戦い（Desastre de Annual）は、第3次リーフ戦争において行われた戦いで、スペイン王国がベルベル人の部族国家リーフ共和国に大敗を喫した。 アンワールの厄災と呼ばれるこの敗北は、近代後期から衰退の続くスペインの威信を大きく低下させ、後のスペイン内戦へと繋がる国内紛争を生んだ。また植民地支配の方針を変更する事も余儀なくされ、既に大部分を失いつつあった植民地の最終的な喪失へと繋がった。
- De Slag om Annual in Noord-Marokko vond plaats op 20 juli 1921 aan het begin van de Rif-oorlog (1921-1926). Riffijnse opstandelingen onder leiding van Mohammed Abdelkrim El Khattabi versloegen 60.000 man Spaanse troepen in de Slag om Annual, waar ongeveer 18.000 Spanjaarden omkwamen. Na de slag werd door Mohammed Abdelkrim El Khattabi de Confederale Republiek van de Stammen van de Rif uitgeroepen. De oorlog tegen de Franse en Spaanse kolonisten duurde tot 1926.
- Битва при Анвале, в Испании больше известна как Катастрофа при Анвале (исп. Desastre de Annual) — сражение в испанском Марокко между испанской Армией Африки с одной стороны и нерегулярными частями из региона Риф с другой. Битва вылилась в одно из крупнейших поражений испанской армии и привела к острым политическим кризисам в Испании и пересмотру колониальной политики по отношению к Рифу.
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- Spanish corpses on Monte Arruit, July 1921.
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- 13,363 dead or wounded
- ~1,000 dead
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- July 22, 1921 - August 9, 1921
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- 5,000 (at Annual)–18,011 regulars,
4,653 Moroccan auxiliaries;
- ~3,000 irregulars
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- The Battle of Annual was a battle fought in Spanish Morocco between the Spanish Army of Africa and combatants of the Rif region. It was a major military defeat suffered by the Spanish army on July 22, 1921 at Annual in northeastern Morocco during the Rif War. The defeat, almost always referred to by the Spanish as the Disaster of Annual, led to major political crises and a redefinition of Spanish colonial policy toward the Rif.
- Die Schlacht von Annual fand am 22. Juli 1921 bei Annual im nordöstlichen Spanisch-Marokko als Teil des Rifkrieges statt. Es war eine militärische Auseinandersetzung zwischen der spanischen Armee und Aufständischen der Rifregion. In Spanien spricht man im Zusammenhang mit der Schlacht vom Desaster von Annual. Die Niederlage führte in Spanien zu einer innenpolitischen Krise und zu einem Umdenken über die Kolonialpolitik in der Rifregion.
- Batalla que es va produir el 22 de juliol de 1921 durant la Guerra del Rif, entre les tropes colonials espanyoles que s'internaven a la regió i les tropes irregulars del líder Abd el-Krim, en el barranc que separa Igueriben i Annual, al Rif marroquí. En la historiografia espanyola és coneguda popularment com a Desastre d'Annual.
- El Desastre de Annual fue una grave derrota militar española ante los rifeños comandados por Abd el-Krim cerca de la localidad marroquí de Annual, el 22 de julio de 1921, que supuso una redefinición de la política colonial de España en la Guerra del Rif. La crisis política que provocó esta derrota fue una de las más importantes de las muchas que socavaron los cimientos de la monarquía liberal de Alfonso XIII.
- La bataille d'Anoual, fréquemment appelée désastre d'Anoual en Espagne, opposa un contingent militaire espagnol à l'armée rifaine d'Abdelkrim Al Khattabi, dans la région du Rif en juillet 1921. Les affrontements ont eu lieu à 120 km de Melilla dans le Nord du Maroc et marquent le début de la guerre du Rif.
- De Slag om Annual in Noord-Marokko vond plaats op 20 juli 1921 aan het begin van de Rif-oorlog (1921-1926). Riffijnse opstandelingen onder leiding van Mohammed Abdelkrim El Khattabi versloegen 60.000 man Spaanse troepen in de Slag om Annual, waar ongeveer 18.000 Spanjaarden omkwamen. Na de slag werd door Mohammed Abdelkrim El Khattabi de Confederale Republiek van de Stammen van de Rif uitgeroepen. De oorlog tegen de Franse en Spaanse kolonisten duurde tot 1926.
- Битва при Анвале, в Испании больше известна как Катастрофа при Анвале (исп. Desastre de Annual) — сражение в испанском Марокко между испанской Армией Африки с одной стороны и нерегулярными частями из региона Риф с другой.
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- Battle of Annual
- Schlacht von Annual
- Batalla d'Annual
- Desastre de Annual
- Bataille d'Anoual
- アンワールの戦い
- Slag om Annual
- Битва при Анвале
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