The Battle or Siege of Adrianople was fought during the First Balkan War, beginning in mid-November 1912 and ending on 26 March, 1913 with the capture of Adrianople by the Bulgarian 2nd Army. The victorious end of the siege was considered an enormous military success, because the defenses of city were carefully developed by leading German siege experts and were dubbed 'undefeatable'. The Bulgarian army, after just 5 days of siege and two bold night attacks, took the Turkish stronghold.

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dbpedia-owl:Event/date
  • 1912-11-03 (xsd:date)
dbpedia-owl:MilitaryConflict/causalties
  • 1298 killed, 6,655 wounded
  • 274 killed, 1,173 wounded
  • Bulgarians:
  • Serbs:
dbpedia-owl:MilitaryConflict/combatant
  • Bulgaria Serbia
dbpedia-owl:MilitaryConflict/commander
dbpedia-owl:MilitaryConflict/partOf
dbpedia-owl:MilitaryConflict/place
dbpedia-owl:MilitaryConflict/result
  • Decisive Bulgarian-Serbian victory
dbpedia-owl:MilitaryConflict/strength
  • 153,700 Bulgarians (424 cannons);
  • 47,275 Serbs (62 cannons, 34 howitzers)
  • 75,000
dbpedia-owl:causalties
  • 1298 killed, 6,655 wounded
  • 274 killed, 1,173 wounded
  • Bulgarians:
  • Serbs:
dbpedia-owl:combatant
  • Bulgaria Serbia
dbpedia-owl:commander
dbpedia-owl:date
  • 1912-11-03 (xsd:date)
dbpedia-owl:partOf
dbpedia-owl:place
dbpedia-owl:result
  • Decisive Bulgarian-Serbian victory
dbpedia-owl:strength
  • 153,700 Bulgarians (424 cannons);
  • 47,275 Serbs (62 cannons, 34 howitzers)
  • 75,000
dbpedia-owl:thumbnail
dbpprop:abstract
  • The Battle or Siege of Adrianople was fought during the First Balkan War, beginning in mid-November 1912 and ending on 26 March, 1913 with the capture of Adrianople by the Bulgarian 2nd Army. The victorious end of the siege was considered an enormous military success, because the defenses of city were carefully developed by leading German siege experts and were dubbed 'undefeatable'. The Bulgarian army, after just 5 days of siege and two bold night attacks, took the Turkish stronghold. The victors were under the overall command of General Nikola Ivanov, and the commander of the Bulgarian forces on the Eastern sector of the fortress was General Georgi Vazov, brother of the famous Bulgarian writer Ivan Vazov and General Vladimir Vazov. One of the first known uses of an airplane for bombing took place during the siege: the Bulgarians dropped special hand grenades from one or more airplanes in an effort to cause panic among Turkish soldiers. Many young Bulgarians Officers and Professionals took part in this decisive battle of the First Balkan War, later played important roles in the politics, culture, commerce and industry of Bulgaria. The final battle consisted of three night attacks. During the first two nights the first and the second belts of external fortifications were captured, and during the third night the fortress itself. Preparations for the battle included covering with tissue of all "shining" parts of the soldiers' uniforms (to reduce visibility of buttons, for example) and of the horses' hooves (to diminish noise). The several armies that took part in the siege were put under joint command, creating a prototype of a front. Some light artillery pieces towed by horses followed the advancing units, playing the role of infantry support guns. Attempts were made to perturb all Ottomans' radio communications to isolate and demoralize the besieged. The Bulgarian achievements up to this point were fairly summarized by a British war correspondent: "A nation with a population of less than five million and a military budget of less than two million pounds per annum placed in the field within fourteen days of mobilization an army of 400,000 men, and in the course of four weeks moved that army over 160 miles in hostile territory, captured one fortress and invested another, fought and won two great battles against the available armed strength of a nation of twenty million inhabitants, and stopped only at the gates of the hostile capital. With the exception of the Japanese and Gurkhas, the Bulgarians alone of all troops go into battle with the fixed intention of killing at least one enemy. " Serbian units involved were the 2nd army under command of general Stepa Stepanović (two divisions and some support units) and heavy artillery (38 siege cannons and howitzers of 120 and 150 mm purchased from French Schneider-Canet factory in 1908) dispatched because the Bulgarians lacked heavy artillery (though they were well supplied with Krupp-designed 75 mm field artillery). The loss of Adrianople delivered the final decisive blow on the Ottoman army and brought to a close the First Balkan War.
  • A Batalha de Adrianópolis ou Cerco de Adrianópolis foi uma batalha que ocorreu durante a Primeira Guerra dos Bálcãs, que teve início em meados de novembro de 1912 e terminou em 26 de março de 1913 com a tomada de Adrianópolis pelo Segundo Exército Búlgaro. A vitória final do cerco militar foi considerada um enorme sucesso, porque as defesas da cidade foram cuidadosamente estudadas pelos principais especialistas alemães que foram apelidados de "invencíveis". O exército búlgaro, depois de apenas cinco dias de cerco e dois ataques à noite, tomou o reduto turco. Os búlgaros foram comandados pelo general Nikola Ivanov. Sobre o setor oriental da fortaleza, quem comandou foi o General Georgi Vazov, irmão do famoso escritor búlgaro Ivan Vazov e General Vladimir Vazov. Uma das primeiras utilizações de avião para bombardeio aconteceu durante o cerco: os búlgaros usavam granadas de mão e aeronaves para causar pânico entre os soldados turcos. Muitos jovens e profissionais búlgaros que participaram desta decisiva batalha da Primeira Guerra dos Bálcãs, mais tarde desempenharam um papel importante na política, cultura, comércio e indústria da Bulgária. A batalha final constou de três ataques pela noite. Durante as duas primeiras noites, o primeiro e o segundo cinturão de fortificações externas foram capturados e, durante a terceira noite, a fortaleza inteira foi tomada. Os soldados foram cobertos com tecidos brilhantes uniformes (para reduzir a visibilidade dos botões, por exemplo) e dos cavalos e seus cascos (para diminuir o ruído). Os vários exércitos que participaram do cerco foram colocados sob comando conjunto, criando o protótipo de uma frente. Foram feitas várias tentativas de perturbar os soldados otomanos como comunicações via rádio para isolá-los e desmoralizá-los. Os búlgaros foram assim descritos por um correspondente britânico: "Uma nação com uma população inferior a cinco milhões e um orçamento militar de menos de dois milhões de libras por ano colocados no campo dentro de catorze dias de mobilização de um exército de 400.000 homens, e no decurso das quatro semanas que o exército se deslocou mais de 160 quilômetros em território hostil, capturou uma fortaleza e investigou outra, lutaram e ganharam duas grandes batalhas contra forças armadas de uma nação de vinte milhões de habitantes, e só parou às portas da capital da nação. Com exceção dos japoneses e Gurkhas, os búlgaros, sozinhos, foram para a batalha com a intenção de matar seu inimigo. " As unidades sérvias envolvidas estiveram sob comando do general Stepa Stepanovic (duas divisões apoiaram algumas unidades) e artilharia pesada porque faltava artilharia pesada para os búlgaros (apesar de serem bem fornecidos em campo com artilharia de 75 milímetros). A perda de Edirne levou ao golpe final no exército otomano, levando ao fim a Primeira Guerra dos Bálcãs.
  • Первая Балканская война Файл:Bulgarian army adrinople. jpg Болгарские войска накануне штурма ЭдирнеОса́да Эди́рне — осада турецкого города Эдирне во время Первой Балканской войны войсками Балканского союза с 3 ноября 1912 года по 26 марта 1913 года. Эдирне во время Балканской войны имел важное стратегическое значение — через него проходили железнодорожные пути с восточной части Балканского полуострова на западную, которые связывали Западную турецкую армию в Македонии со Стамбулом и Восточной турецкой армией. Изначально город осаждался только 2-й болгарской армией, первые бои под городом начались ещё в конце октября 1912. 3 ноября турецкий гарнизон по руководством Шукри-паши после упорных боёв отступил в крепость города. С этого момента началась длительная осада крепости Эдирне, союзники уже ставили перед собою цель не штурмовать крепость, а заморить турок голодом и создать им невыносимые условия. Во время временного перемирия 3 декабря 1912—3 февраля 1913 годов город по-прежнему находился в блокаде. В него не доставлялось продовольствие и боеприпасы. 24 марта началась очередная бомбардировка Эдирне болгарской артиллерией, на этот раз являвшаяся подготовкой к штурму. 25 марта бомбардировка временно прекратилась, но потом возобновилась с новой силой. Под прикрытием артиллерии войска Балканского союза выдвинулись почти вплотную к стенам крепости и турецким укреплениям, начались рукопашные бои. В итоге болгарские войска сумели занять все турецкие окопы и укрепления в городе и на его окраинах. 26 марта начался непосредственно штурм крепости, которая пала в тот же день.
dbpprop:caption
  • Siege artillery arriving before Adrianople, 3 November
dbpprop:casualties
  • Bulgarians: 1298 killed, 6,655 wounded Serbs: 274 killed, 1,173 wounded
  • ca. 7,000 killed, Captured: 65,000 soldiers, 15 generals, 2,000 officers, 600 cannons, 16 flags
dbpprop:combatant
dbpprop:commander
dbpprop:conflict
  • Battle of Odrin
dbpprop:date
  • November 3, 1912 – March 26, 1913
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dbpprop:partof
dbpprop:place
dbpprop:result
  • Decisive Bulgarian-Serbian victory
dbpprop:strength
  • 153,700 Bulgarians (424 cannons); ЦВА, ф. 48, оп. 1, а, е. 3, л. 86; а. е. 5, л. 205-206; Иванов, Н. Балканската война... с. 332-335 47,275 Serbs (62 cannons, 34 howitzers)
  • 75000 (xsd:integer)
dbpprop:wikiPageUsesTemplate
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rdfs:comment
  • The Battle or Siege of Adrianople was fought during the First Balkan War, beginning in mid-November 1912 and ending on 26 March, 1913 with the capture of Adrianople by the Bulgarian 2nd Army. The victorious end of the siege was considered an enormous military success, because the defenses of city were carefully developed by leading German siege experts and were dubbed 'undefeatable'. The Bulgarian army, after just 5 days of siege and two bold night attacks, took the Turkish stronghold.
  • A Batalha de Adrianópolis ou Cerco de Adrianópolis foi uma batalha que ocorreu durante a Primeira Guerra dos Bálcãs, que teve início em meados de novembro de 1912 e terminou em 26 de março de 1913 com a tomada de Adrianópolis pelo Segundo Exército Búlgaro. A vitória final do cerco militar foi considerada um enorme sucesso, porque as defesas da cidade foram cuidadosamente estudadas pelos principais especialistas alemães que foram apelidados de "invencíveis".
  • Первая Балканская война Файл:Bulgarian army adrinople. jpg Болгарские войска накануне штурма ЭдирнеОса́да Эди́рне — осада турецкого города Эдирне во время Первой Балканской войны войсками Балканского союза с 3 ноября 1912 года по 26 марта 1913 года.
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  • Battle of Adrianople (1913)
  • Batalha de Adrianópolis (1913)
  • Осада Эдирне
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  • Battle of Odrin
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