| dbpprop:abstract
|
- Baron Petre (pronounced Peter), of Writtle, in the County of Essex, is a title in the Peerage of England. It was created in 1603 for Sir John Petre. He represented Essex in parliament and served as Lord Lieutenant of Essex. Lord Petre was the son of Sir William Petre, Secretary of State to Henry VIII, Mary I, Edward VI and Elizabeth I. Sir William acquired Ingatestone Hall and the surrounding manor from Henry for the full market value after it had been surrendered to the King by Barking Abbey during the Suppression of the Monasteries. The first Baron was succeeded by his son, William Petre, 2nd Baron Petre. He sat as Member of Parliament for Essex. His grandson, William Petre, 4th Baron Petre, was one of the accused in the Titus Oates plot and died in the Tower of London in 1684. His younger brother, Thomas Petre, 6th Baron Petre, was Lord Lieutenant of Essex. His great-grandson, Robert Petre, 9th Baron Petre, who succeeded his father the year of his birth, married Anne Howard, daughter of Philip Howard, younger brother of Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk. On her uncle's death in 1777 Anne became co-heiress to the baronies of Howard, Furnivall, Strange of Blackmere, Talbot, Braose of Gower, Dacre of Gillesland, Greystock, Ferrers of Wemme, Giffard of Brimsfield and Verdon. Their great-great-grandson, Bernard Petre, 14th Baron Petre, married Etheldreda, daughter of William Robinson Clark. In 1913 (five years after the death of Lord Petre) the abeyance of the ancient barony of Furnivall was terminated by the King in favour of their daughter Mary Frances Katherine Petre, who became the nineteenth Baroness Furnivall (see the Baron Furnivall for more information). Petre was succeeded by his younger brother, Philip Petre, 15th Baron Petre. As of 2009 the title is held by the latter's great-grandson, John Petre, 18th Baron Petre, who succeeded his father,Joseph William Lionel Petre, 17th Baron Petre in 1989. Lord Petre is Lord Lieutenant of Essex since 2002. Another member of the Petre family was Father Sir Edward Petre, 3rd Baronet, the unpopular chaplain and advisor to James II. James made him Clerk of the Closet and asked the Pope to make him a bishop and later a Cardinal but was refused both requests. The Petre family have been staunchly loyal to Roman Catholicism. It was the first Baron who publicly acknowledged his Catholicism. At least twelve members of the family have been Jesuits. The family has also produced two bishops, Francis (1692–1775) and Benjamin (1672–1758). These two were coadjutor bishops of, respectively, Bishop Dicconson and Bishop Challoner. The feudal Lordship of Writtle had for centuries been the possession of the de Brus family and early chroniclers give the manor there as the birthplace of Robert the Bruce. The family seats are Ingatestone Hall, Ingatestone, Essex, and Writtle Park, Essex.
- La famille Petre est une famille noble d'Angleterre. La première grande figure historique de la famille fut William Petre (en). D'origine humble, il réussit à obtenir une bourse pour étudier le droit (lois civiques et canoniques) au Exeter College à l'université d'Oxford et commença sa carrière au service de James Cromwell. Il fut ensuite anobli Chevalier et nommé Conseiller et Secrétaire d'Etat de Sa Majesté le Roi Henri VIII d'Angleterre. Fin politicien, il continua son service sous Edward VI, Mary I (Mary Tudor) et enfin Elizabeth I. On peut aujourd'hui observer son portrait dans le National Portrait Gallery (Royaume-Uni) à Londres. Son fils John fut anobli 1 Baron Petre (en) par le Roi James I et nommé Lord Lieutenant of Essex (en) en 1603. Les Lords Petre ont toujours vécu depuis au chateau Ingatestone Hall (en), à Ingatestone dans le comté d'Essex. Les Petre sont connus en Angleterre pour leur loyauté envers l'Eglise Catholique. Leur devise en est d'ailleurs assez représentative : « Sans Dieu, rien ». Au moins 12 membres de la famille furent jésuites, et il y eut deux évêques Francis (1692-1775) et Benjamin (1672-1758). Un des jésuites les plus connus fut Edward Petre (en) (1631-99), 2nd Baronnet (titre de noblesse britannique, d'un rang intermédiaire entre baron et chevalier) qui fut chapelain et conseiller du roi James II. Mal aimé et fortement critiqué par les Jésuites à l'époque, il lui fut refusé le titre de cardinal par le Pape au dépit du roi James II qui multiplia les demandes. Une autre figure historique fut Robert Edward (en), 9 Baron (1742-1801), qui joua un grand rôle dans l'émancipation catholique et fut réputé avoir été Grand Maître des Francs-maçons. Actuellement, une partie de la famille Petre est disséminée en Europe, et principalement en France et en Belgique. La scission de la famille s'est produite suite à l'arrivée du protestantisme en Angleterre.
|
![[RDF Data]](/statics/sw-cube.png)
