The Augustinian hypothesis is a solution to the synoptic problem, which concerns the origin of the Gospels of the New Testament. The hypothesis holds that Matthew was written first, by Matthew the Evangelist, a disciple of Jesus of Nazareth. Mark the Evangelist, a disciple of the apostle Simon Peter, wrote the Gospel of Mark second, and used Matthew and the preaching of Peter as sources.

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  • The Augustinian hypothesis is a solution to the synoptic problem, which concerns the origin of the Gospels of the New Testament. The hypothesis holds that Matthew was written first, by Matthew the Evangelist, a disciple of Jesus of Nazareth. Mark the Evangelist, a disciple of the apostle Simon Peter, wrote the Gospel of Mark second, and used Matthew and the preaching of Peter as sources. Luke the Evangelist, a disciple of Paul of Tarsus, wrote the Gospel of Luke, and was aware of the two Gospels that preceded him. Unlike some competing hypotheses, this hypothesis does not rely on, nor does it argue for, the existence of any document that is not explicitly mentioned in historical testimony. Instead, the hypothesis draws primarily upon historical testimony, rather than textual criticism, as the central line of evidence. The foundation of evidence for the hypothesis is the writings of the Church Fathers: historical sources dating back to as early as the first half of the second century, which have been held as authoritative by most Christians for nearly two millennia. Finally, adherents to the Augustinian hypothesis view it as a simple, coherent solution to the synoptic problem. The Augustinian hypothesis addresses certain fundamental points of contention surrounding the synoptic problem, such as how reliable the early Christian tradition is, which gospel was written first, whether there were other unknown sources behind the gospels, to what extent, if any, the gospels were redacted, and to what extent the gospels were altered between the time they were originally written and the time the first surviving manuscripts appear. These and other matters are raised and alternate resolutions proposed by proponents of competing hypotheses, such as the Two-source hypothesis, its related Q hypothesis, the Farrer hypothesis, and others. The main two areas of contention within the Augustinian community are whether Matthew was originally written in Aramaic using Hebrew script, or if the Greek text is the original, and whether Mark or Luke who wrote second. A modified version of the Augustinian hypothesis, known as the Griesbach hypothesis, agrees that Matthew wrote first and that Mark depended on Matthew, and does not dispute that the original text was in Hebrew thereafter translated into Greek, but argues that Mark also depended on Luke and therefore that Luke’s gospel precedes Mark's. Because of the similarity on primary points of contention, this hypothesis is also treated as a possible amendment to the Augustinian hypothesis.
  • L'ipotesi agostiniana è una soluzione proposta per il problema sinottico, che riguarda l'ordine di composizione dei vangeli sinottici del Nuovo Testamento; secondo questa ipotesi, il Vangelo secondo Matteo sarebbe stato composto per primo, seguito dal Vangelo secondo Marco, che utilizzò Matteo come fonte, e dal Vangelo secondo Luca, che ebbe come fonti i primi due. Secondo la visione tradizionale, gli autori dei vangeli furono Matteo apostolo ed evangelista, discepolo di Gesù, Marco evangelista, discepolo di Pietro apostolo, e Luca evangelista, discepolo di Paolo di Tarso. A differenza delle altre ipotesi di soluzione del problema sinottico, l'ipotesi agostiniana non richiede di ipotizzare alcun documento non esplicitamente menzionato da testimonianze storiche; al contrario, questa ipotesi si basa pesantemente sulle testimonianze della tradizione, piuttosto che sulla critica testuale. Due sono i punti aperti dell'ipotesi agostiniana: se il Vangelo secondo Matteo fu scritto in greco, nella forma conservatasi, o se questa sia una traduzione di un originale scritto in lingua aramaica; e se sia stato quello secondo Luca il terzo vangelo in ordine di composizione, come indicato dalla formulazione originale dell'ipotesi, o se invece l'autore di Marco non abbia usato il Vangelo secondo Luca come fonte, come suggerito dall'ipotesi Griesbach.
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  • The Augustinian hypothesis is a solution to the synoptic problem, which concerns the origin of the Gospels of the New Testament. The hypothesis holds that Matthew was written first, by Matthew the Evangelist, a disciple of Jesus of Nazareth. Mark the Evangelist, a disciple of the apostle Simon Peter, wrote the Gospel of Mark second, and used Matthew and the preaching of Peter as sources.
  • L'ipotesi agostiniana è una soluzione proposta per il problema sinottico, che riguarda l'ordine di composizione dei vangeli sinottici del Nuovo Testamento; secondo questa ipotesi, il Vangelo secondo Matteo sarebbe stato composto per primo, seguito dal Vangelo secondo Marco, che utilizzò Matteo come fonte, e dal Vangelo secondo Luca, che ebbe come fonti i primi due.
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  • Augustinian hypothesis
  • Ipotesi agostiniana
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