The causes, diagnosis, and the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been the subject of active debate at least since the 1970s. In the US, physician visits for prescription of stimulants to youth increased fivefold during the 1990s. For various reasons, ADHD remains one of the most controversial psychiatric disorders despite being a well validated clinical diagnosis.

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  • The causes, diagnosis, and the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been the subject of active debate at least since the 1970s. In the US, physician visits for prescription of stimulants to youth increased fivefold during the 1990s. For various reasons, ADHD remains one of the most controversial psychiatric disorders despite being a well validated clinical diagnosis. Possible overdiagnosis of ADHD, the use of stimulant medications in children, and the methods by which ADHD is diagnosed and treated are some of the main areas of controversy. Although the diagnosis has a high level of support from clinicians and most medical authorities, a number of alternative theories explaining the symptoms of ADHD have been proposed which range from describing ADHD as part of the normal spectrum of behavior instead of a disorder to rejecting its existence outright. These views include the Hunter vs. farmer theory, Neurodiversity, and the Social construct theory of ADHD. Additionally, a lack of clarity on exactly what qualifies as ADHD and changes over time in diagnostic criteria have caused confusion and concerns about misdiagnosis. The best course of ADHD management is also a source of debate. Stimulants are the most commonly prescribed medication for ADHD, and, according to the National Institute of Mental Health, "under medical supervision, stimulant medications are considered safe". However, the use of stimulant medications for the treatment of ADHD has generated controversy because of undesirable side effects, uncertain long term effects, and social and ethical issues regarding their use and dispensation. Children comprise the majority of ADHD diagnoses, but because they are unable to give informed consent due to their age, treatment decisions are ultimately determined by their legal guardians on their behalf. Ethical and legal issues also arise from the promotion of stimulants to treat ADHD by groups and individuals who receive money from drug companies.
  • 注意欠陥・多動性障害(ADHD)に関しては、その医学的診断と実態の曖昧さにより、多くの論争が起きている。1997年にのび太・ジャイアン症候群として司馬理英子により日本全国に知れ渡ったときは、心の病とされたが、現在は心の病とはしない見方が一般的である。DSM-IV-TRにおいては行動障害と分類されているが、発達障害者支援法において規定されたこともあり、日本では発達障害の一種と認識されている。
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  • The causes, diagnosis, and the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been the subject of active debate at least since the 1970s. In the US, physician visits for prescription of stimulants to youth increased fivefold during the 1990s. For various reasons, ADHD remains one of the most controversial psychiatric disorders despite being a well validated clinical diagnosis.
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  • Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder controversies
  • ADHDに関する論争
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