| dbpprop:abstract
|
- Attachment therapy is the most commonly used term for a controversial category of alternative child mental health interventions intended to treat attachment disorders. The term generally includes accompanying parenting techniques. In clinical literature the term may occasionally be used loosely to mean any intervention which is, or claims to be based on attachment theory, but as used in this article it applies to a particular controversial subset of techniques. Variant forms or particular techniques may also be known by names including "rebirthing", "compression therapy", "holding therapy", the "Evergreen model", "holding time", "rage-reduction", "corrective attachment therapy" and Coercive Restraint Therapy. Popularly, on the Internet, among foster or adoptive parents, and to case workers, they are simply known as “attachment therapy”. Attachment therapy is a treatment used primarily with fostered or adopted children who have behavioral difficulties, including disobedience and lack of gratitude or affection for their caregivers. The children's problems are ascribed to an inability to attach to their new parents because of suppressed rage due to past maltreatment and abandonment. The common form of attachment therapy is holding therapy, in which a child is firmly held (or lain upon) by therapists or parents. Through this process of restraint and confrontation, they seek to produce in the child a range of responses such as rage and despair with the goal of achieving catharsis. In theory, when the child's resistance is overcome and the rage is released, the child is reduced to an infantile state in which he or she can be "re-parented" by methods such as cradling, rocking, bottle feeding and enforced eye contact. The aim is to promote attachment with the new caregivers. Control over the children is usually considered essential and the therapy is often accompanied by parenting techniques which emphasize obedience. These accompanying parenting techniques are based on the belief that a properly attached child should comply with parental demands "fast, snappy and right the first time" and should be "fun to be around". These techniques have been implicated in several child deaths and other harmful effects. This form of therapy, including diagnosis and accompanying parenting techniques, is scientifically unvalidated and is not considered to be part of mainstream psychology or, despite its name, to be based on attachment theory, with which it is considered incompatible. It is primarily based on Robert Zaslow's rage-reduction therapy from the 1960s and 70s and on psychoanalytic theories about suppressed rage, catharsis, regression, breaking down of resistance and defence mechanisms. Zaslow, Tinbergen and other early proponents used it as a treatment for autism, based on the now discredited belief that autism was the result of failures in the attachment relationship. It has been described as a potentially abusive and pseudoscientific intervention that has resulted in tragic outcomes for children, including at least six documented child fatalities. Since the 1990s there have been a number of prosecutions for deaths or serious maltreatment of children at the hands of "attachment therapists" or parents following their instructions. Two of the most well-known cases are those of Candace Newmaker in 2000 and the Gravelles in 2003. Following the associated publicity, some advocates of attachment therapy began to alter views and practices to be less potentially dangerous to children. This change may have been hastened by the publication of a Task Force Report on the subject in January 2006, commissioned by the American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children (APSAC) which was largely critical of attachment therapy. In April 2007, ATTACh, an organisation originally set up by attachment therapists, formally adopted a White Paper stating its unequivocal opposition to the use of coercive practices in therapy and parenting, promoting instead newer techniques of attunement, sensitivity and regulation. This form of treatment differs significantly from mainstream attachment-based therapies, talking psychotherapies such as attachment-based psychotherapy and relational psychoanalysis or the form of attachment parenting advocated by the pediatrician Sears. Further, the form of rebirthing sometimes used within attachment therapy differs from Rebirthing-Breathwork.
- Die von Martha Welch entwickelte Festhaltetherapie, die von Jirina Prekop ins Deutsche übertragen wurde, ist eine nicht anerkannte Form der Psychotherapie, bei der durch intensives "aggressionsfreies" Festhalten Bindungsstörungen aufgelöst werden sollen. Die Therapie wurde ursprünglich mit Unterstützung des Verhaltensforschers und Nobelpreisträgers Nikolaas Tinbergen für Kinder mit Bindungsstörungen entwickelt und wird heute von Prekop auch im Rahmen der Familientherapie bei Erwachsenen angewendet.
- Holdingtherapie of vasthoudtherapie, ook wel reducing therapy genoemd, is een therapie die in de jaren zeventig werd ontwikkeld door de Amerikaan Robert Zaslow en die is gebaseerd op de omstreden hechtingsstoornistheorie. Er bestaan diverse varianten op de thearapie, waaronder die van kinderpsychiater Martha Welch.
|
| rdfs:comment
|
- Attachment therapy is the most commonly used term for a controversial category of alternative child mental health interventions intended to treat attachment disorders. The term generally includes accompanying parenting techniques. In clinical literature the term may occasionally be used loosely to mean any intervention which is, or claims to be based on attachment theory, but as used in this article it applies to a particular controversial subset of techniques.
- Die von Martha Welch entwickelte Festhaltetherapie, die von Jirina Prekop ins Deutsche übertragen wurde, ist eine nicht anerkannte Form der Psychotherapie, bei der durch intensives "aggressionsfreies" Festhalten Bindungsstörungen aufgelöst werden sollen.
- Holdingtherapie of vasthoudtherapie, ook wel reducing therapy genoemd, is een therapie die in de jaren zeventig werd ontwikkeld door de Amerikaan Robert Zaslow en die is gebaseerd op de omstreden hechtingsstoornistheorie. Er bestaan diverse varianten op de thearapie, waaronder die van kinderpsychiater Martha Welch.
|
![[RDF Data]](/statics/sw-cube.png)
