Arthur Holmes (14 January 1890 – 20 September 1965) was a British geologist. As a child he lived in Low Fell, Gateshead and attended the Gateshead Higher Grade School. Holmes was a pioneer of geochronology, and performed the first uranium-lead radiometric dating (specifically designed to measure the age of a rock) while an undergraduate at the Royal College of Science in London, assigning an age of 370 Ma to a Devonian rock from Norway.

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  • Arthur Holmes (14 January 1890 – 20 September 1965) was a British geologist. As a child he lived in Low Fell, Gateshead and attended the Gateshead Higher Grade School. Holmes was a pioneer of geochronology, and performed the first uranium-lead radiometric dating (specifically designed to measure the age of a rock) while an undergraduate at the Royal College of Science in London, assigning an age of 370 Ma to a Devonian rock from Norway. This result was published in 1911, after his graduation in 1910. By 1911 he had already spent six months in Mozambique prospecting for minerals. While abroad he had contracted blackwater fever and malaria so severe that a note of his death was sent home by telegraph. However, he returned home and recovered – though suffering life-long recurrences of the illness. 1912 saw Holmes on the staff of Imperial College, publishing his famous booklet The Age of the Earth in 1913 (he estimated the Earth's age to be 1600 Ma). He obtained his doctorate (of Science) in 1917 and in 1920 joined an oil company in Burma as chief geologist. The company failed, and he returned to England penniless in 1924. He had been accompanied in Burma by his three-year-old son, who contracted dysentery and died shortly before Holmes’s departure. In 1924 he was appointed to the newly-created post of reader in geology at Durham University. Eighteen years later his achievements were recognised, when he became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1942. In the following year he was appointed to the chair of geology at Edinburgh University, which he held until retirement in 1956. Holmes championed the theory of continental drift at a time when it was deeply unfashionable. He proposed that Earth's mantle contained convection cells that dissipated radioactive heat and moved the crust at the surface. His second famous book Principles of Physical Geology, ending with a chapter on continental drift, was published in 1944. His later measurements of the age of the Earth (4,500 +/- 100 Ma) were based on measurements of the relative abundance of uranium isotopes by Alfred O. C. Nier. He was awarded both the Wollaston Medal and the Penrose Medal in 1956. The Arthur Holmes Medal of the European Geosciences Union is named after him. A crater on Mars has been named in his honour. The Durham University Department of Earth Sciences' Arthur Holmes Isotope Geology Laboratory is named after him, as is the students' Geology Society.
  • Arthur Holmes war ein englischer Geologe. Arthur Holmes war einer der ersten Geologen, die die Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts entdeckte Radioaktivität als Hilfsmittel zur Geochronologie, der zeitlichen Einordnung geologischer Epochen, vorschlugen. Seine 1911 mit einfachsten Methoden erzielten Daten (etwa 600 Millionen Jahre für das Kambrium) sind nahe am heute akzeptierten Wert von 590 Millionen Jahren. Etwa 1930 schlug er einen Mechanismus zur Erklärung der von Alfred Wegener entwickelten Kontinentaldrift vor: Wärmeströme im Erdinneren erzeugen genügend Kraft, um die Erdplatten zu bewegen. Da Holmes keine experimentellen Methoden zur Überprüfung dieser Hypothese zur Verfügung standen, nannte er seinen Vorschlag „Spekulation“. Heute gilt seine Einsicht als sehr ähnlich mit den Prozessen, wie sie in der Theorie der Plattentektonik geschildert werden. Bis zu seinem Tod im Jahr 1965 war Holmes Professor für Geologie in Durham und Edinburgh. Sein Lehrbuch Principles of Physical Geology gilt auch heute noch als Standardwerk. 1956 erhielt er die Penrose-Medaille der Geological Society of America.
  • Arthur Holmes est un géologue britannique.
  • アーサー・ホームズ（Arthur Holmes、1890年1月14日 - 1965年9月20日）は、イギリスの地質学者である。地質年代測定に放射性元素が使えることを発見した地質学者の一人である。 Gateshead に生まれた。インペリアル・カレッジ・ロンドンで物理学を学び、後に地質学に転じた。在学中の1911年にウラニウム-鉛法による年代測定でカンブリア紀の岩石の年代を測定し、最新の方法で求めた6億年に近い5.9億年の推定値をえた。 1930年代に、地質学者としては当時少数派であったアルフレート・ヴェーゲナーの大陸移動説の支持者となり、地球内部の熱による対流が大陸を移動させるのに充分な力を持つメカニズムを提案した。この仮説を証明する実験的な研究は行わなかったが、この仮説は現在は受け入れられている。マントル対流説と呼ばれ、現在のプレートテクトニクス理論に近い。 ダラム大学の地質学の教授、エディンバラ大学の地質学の教授を務めた。
  • Arthur Holmes was een Britse geoloog die aan de wieg stond van twee van de belangrijkste doorbraken binnen de geologie in de 20e eeuw: de platentektoniek en het bepalen van de ouderdom van de Aarde.
  • Arthur Holmes foi um geólogo britânico. Realizou a primeira datação radioativa utilizando o urânio-chumbo para determinar a idade das rochas. Foi professor de geologia na Universidade de Durham e ensinou de 1943 a 1956 na Universidade de Edimburgo. Foi laureado com a Medalha Wollaston em 1956 pela Sociedade Geológica de Londres e com a Medalha Penrose pela Sociedade Geológica da América também em 1956. Em sua homenagem foi criada a Medalha Arthur Holmes pela European Geosciences Union. Uma cratera de impacto em Marte e um laboratório de geologia no departamento de Ciências da Terra da Universidade de Durham receberam também o seu nome.
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  • Arthur Holmes (14 January 1890 – 20 September 1965) was a British geologist. As a child he lived in Low Fell, Gateshead and attended the Gateshead Higher Grade School. Holmes was a pioneer of geochronology, and performed the first uranium-lead radiometric dating (specifically designed to measure the age of a rock) while an undergraduate at the Royal College of Science in London, assigning an age of 370 Ma to a Devonian rock from Norway.
  • Arthur Holmes war ein englischer Geologe. Arthur Holmes war einer der ersten Geologen, die die Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts entdeckte Radioaktivität als Hilfsmittel zur Geochronologie, der zeitlichen Einordnung geologischer Epochen, vorschlugen. Seine 1911 mit einfachsten Methoden erzielten Daten (etwa 600 Millionen Jahre für das Kambrium) sind nahe am heute akzeptierten Wert von 590 Millionen Jahren.
  • Arthur Holmes est un géologue britannique.
  • Arthur Holmes was een Britse geoloog die aan de wieg stond van twee van de belangrijkste doorbraken binnen de geologie in de 20e eeuw: de platentektoniek en het bepalen van de ouderdom van de Aarde.
  • Arthur Holmes foi um geólogo britânico. Realizou a primeira datação radioativa utilizando o urânio-chumbo para determinar a idade das rochas. Foi professor de geologia na Universidade de Durham e ensinou de 1943 a 1956 na Universidade de Edimburgo. Foi laureado com a Medalha Wollaston em 1956 pela Sociedade Geológica de Londres e com a Medalha Penrose pela Sociedade Geológica da América também em 1956. Em sua homenagem foi criada a Medalha Arthur Holmes pela European Geosciences Union.
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  • Arthur Holmes
  • Arthur Holmes
  • Arthur Holmes
  • Arthur Holmes
  • アーサー・ホームズ
  • Arthur Holmes
  • Arthur Holmes
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