The apothecaries' system of weights is a historical system of mass units that were used by physicians and apothecaryapothecaries for medical recipes, and also sometimes by scientists. The English version of the system is closely related with the English troy weighttroy system of weights, the pound and grain (mass)grain being exactly the same in both. It divides a pound into 12 ounces, an ounce into 8 drachms, and a drachm into 3 scruples or 60 grains.

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  • The apothecaries' system of weights is a historical system of mass units that were used by physicians and apothecaryapothecaries for medical recipes, and also sometimes by scientists. The English version of the system is closely related with the English troy weighttroy system of weights, the pound and grain (mass)grain being exactly the same in both. It divides a pound into 12 ounces, an ounce into 8 drachms, and a drachm into 3 scruples or 60 grains. This exact form of the system was used in the United Kingdom; in some of its former colonies it survived well into the 20th century. The apothecaries' system of measures is a similar system of volume units based on the fluid ounce. For a long time, medical recipes were written in Latin languageLatin, often using special symbols to denote weights and measures. The use of different measure and weight systems depending on the purpose was an almost universal phenomenon in Europe between the decline of the Roman Empire and metrication. This was connected with international commerce, especially with the need to use the standards of the target market and to compensate for a common weighing practice that caused a difference between actual and nominal weight. In the 19th century, most European countries or cities still had at least a "commercial" or "civil" system (such as the English avoirdupois system) for general trading, and a second system (such as the troy weighttroy system) for precious metals such as gold and silver. The system for precious metals was usually divided in a different way than the commercial system, often using special units such as the carat (mass)carat. More significantly, it was often based on different weight standards. The apothecaries' system often used the same ounces as the precious metals system, although even then the number of ounces in a pound could be different. The apothecaries' pound was divided into its own special units, which were inherited (via influential treatises of Greek physicians such as Pedanius DioscoridesDioscorides and Galen, first and second century) from the general-purpose weight system of the Romans. Where the apothecaries' weights and the normal commercial weights were different, it was not always clear which of the two systems was used in trade between merchants and apothecaries, or by which system apothecaries weighed medicine when they actually sold it. In old merchants' handbooks the former system is sometimes referred to as the pharmaceutical system, and distinguished from the apothecaries' system.
  • Die europäischen Apothekergewichte galten von Mitte des 13. Jahrhunderts bis etwa ins zweite Drittel des 19. Jahrhunderts. Das Apothekerpfund war stets in 5760 Grän unterteilt. Die Abschaffung der Apothekergewichte begann Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts. Frankreich führte das metrische System schon unter der bürgerlichen Terrorherrschaft am 1. August 1793 ein. Deutschland folgte in Schritten, bis spätestens zur Gründung des Deutsches Kaiserreiches 1871. In Großbritannien hatten die Apothekergewichte bis 1971 legale Gültigkeit, in den Vereinigten Staaten bis heute. Zwei sehr verwandte Systeme dominierten in Europa: Auf dem Kontinent : das Nürnberger Apothekerpfund Auf den GB-Inseln : das Britische Apothekerpfund Beide stehen im Verhältnis 24 : 25.
  • 薬衡（やくこう、apothecaries' system）は、英語圏の国においてapothecary（今日の薬剤師または化学者に相当する）が使用していた、ヤード・ポンド法の質量の単位の系統である。 薬衡はトロイ衡（金衡）と関係が深く、ポンドとオンスの値はトロイ衡と同じである。しかし、その分量単位はトロイ衡と薬衡では異なる。 1920年代ごろまでに、薬衡はメートル法に置き換えられた。 （通常、薬衡の単位は「薬用ポンド」「薬用オンス」のように呼ぶ） 1824年に英ガロンが導入された後、一部のイギリスの薬剤師は、薬衡の質量の単位を、その質量の水が占める体積の単位としても使用するようになった。この単位は1971年1月1日に廃止され、現在は使用されていない。
  • Аптекарский вес (также медицинский вес, нюрнбергский вес) — система мер массы, употреблявшаяся при взвешивании лекарств. Основной единицей был аптекарский фунт, делившийся на 12 унций. 1 унция содержала 8 драхм, 1 драхма — 3 скрупула, 1 скрупул — 20 гранов. Русский аптекарский фунт = 358,323 г, 1 унция = 29,860 г, 1 драхма = 3,732 г, 1 скрупул = 1,244 г, 1 гран = 62,209 мг. В английской системе мер 1 аптекарский фунт (ap) = 373,242 г, 1 унция (ap oz) = 31,1035 г, 1 драхма (ap drach) = 3,88793 г, 1 скрупул (scruple) = 1,29598 г, 1 гран (gr) = 64,7989 мг. Аптекарский вес в большинстве стран заменён метрическими мерами.
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  • The apothecaries' system of weights is a historical system of mass units that were used by physicians and apothecaryapothecaries for medical recipes, and also sometimes by scientists. The English version of the system is closely related with the English troy weighttroy system of weights, the pound and grain (mass)grain being exactly the same in both. It divides a pound into 12 ounces, an ounce into 8 drachms, and a drachm into 3 scruples or 60 grains.
  • Die europäischen Apothekergewichte galten von Mitte des 13. Jahrhunderts bis etwa ins zweite Drittel des 19. Jahrhunderts. Das Apothekerpfund war stets in 5760 Grän unterteilt. Die Abschaffung der Apothekergewichte begann Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts. Frankreich führte das metrische System schon unter der bürgerlichen Terrorherrschaft am 1. August 1793 ein. Deutschland folgte in Schritten, bis spätestens zur Gründung des Deutsches Kaiserreiches 1871.
  • Аптекарский вес (также медицинский вес, нюрнбергский вес) — система мер массы, употреблявшаяся при взвешивании лекарств. Основной единицей был аптекарский фунт, делившийся на 12 унций. 1 унция содержала 8 драхм, 1 драхма — 3 скрупула, 1 скрупул — 20 гранов.
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  • Apothecaries' system
  • Apothekergewicht
  • 薬衡
  • Аптекарский вес
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